Universitatea Tehnică ,,Gheorghe Asachi” Iași

Facultatea de Hidrotehnica, Geodezie și Ingineria Mediului

Climatologie

- dosar de lucrări -

Studenta
Strungaru Alexandra - Andreea

2019-2020
Girueta Vild -model vechi
Anemometrul mecanic cu morisca cu palete tip URSS
Barometrul metalic
Barograf
 Masurarea temperaturii aerului

Mercurul :Acesta provine din latinescul Mercurius, este un metal lichid de culoare
alb-argintie, care se gaseste in natura sub forma de sulfura (cinabru). Hidragirul(argintul viu) are
punctul de inchet la -38, 87 °C si punctul de fierbere la 356, 95 °C. Are un coeficient de dilatare
foarte mare, fiind adesea utilizat in termometrele cu care se masoara temperaturi ridicate.
Temperatura este o marime fizica utilizata pentru a caracteriza starea de incalzire a unui mediu
sau a diferitelor corpuri, valoarea ei depinzand de scara termometrica in care este exprimata. Prin
cunoasterea relatiei dintre temperatura si volumul deiferitelor corpuri s-au putut construi deiferite
tipuri de termometre, iar pe baza acestora s-a definit gradul de temperatura, stabilite de anumite
puncte termice:
1.Temperatura de fierbere a apei distilate la presiune normala (760 mm Hg) 2.Temperatura de
topire a ghetii. Intervalul dintre cele doua puncte termice de referinta reprezinta scara
termometrica, intervalul impartit intr-un numar variabil de parti egale, fiecare dintre ele
reprezentand un grad de temperatura.Sunt cunoscute mai multe scari de temperatura a). Scara
Celsius introdusa de astronomul si fizicianul Anders Celsius in 1742, este divizata de la 0-100 °C,
in 100 de parti egale. b). Scara Reaumur divizata in 80 de parti egale (0-80 °), gradul Reaumur
fiind astfel mai mare decat gradul Celsius c) Scara Fahrenheit impartita in 180 de parti egale
(32-21°).A fost imaginata de fizicianul german Gabriel Daniel Faherenheit in anul 1715, el fiind
considerat unul dintre fondatorii termometriei. In majoriatatea tarilor lumii se utilizeaza
termometre gradate in scara Celsius si in scara Faherenheit.

Termometrul meteorologic ordinar (psihrometric) Are o constructie simpla fiind

alcatuit dintr-un rezervor cu mercur (de forma sferica sau cilindrica), un tub capilar de sticla sau
din opal. Acest tip de termometru este prevazt si cu un tub de sticla protector, care prezinta la
partea superioara, o garnitura de metal ce permite fixarea termometrului in statiiv. La partea
superioara scara termometrica se fixeaza intr-o garnitura de ebonita, care este prevazuta cu un mic
arc metalic ce mentine scara in pozitie aproximativ constanta, permitandu-i sa se alungeasca
atunci cand temperatura creste. Citirea se face la punctul cel mai înalt al meniscului (care este
convex). Citirea se poate face corect numai dacă ochiul este la acelaşi nivel cu meniscul. În afară
de termometrul obişnuit la care temperatura se citeşte la un moment dat, mai sunt termometre
speciale, cu mercur sau alcool, care indică temperatura maximă sau minimă dintr-un interval de
timp. Termometrul ordinar se instaleaza pe un stativ special in primul adapost meteorologic, fiind
folosit folosit la determinarea temperaturii si umezelii aerului. Din acest motiv si denumirea de
''termometru uscat''. Determinarile de temperatura ce se efectueaza la statiile meteorlogice trebuie
sa respecte o anumita ordine, in sensul ca, mai intai se citesc zecimile de grad si apoi gradele
intregi.Pentru ca masuratorile sa fie exacte se impune ca raza vizuala a ochiului observatorlui sa
cada perpendicular pe capatul coloanei de mercur. Se foloseste pentru masurarea celei mai ridicate
temperaturi a aerului dintr-un anumit interval de timp, fiind un termometru ce are ca lichid
mercurul Termometrul de maxima se deosebeste de cel ordinar prin dimenisunea sa mai redusa,
scara fiind divizata din 0,5 °C in 0,5 °C (avand o precizie mai redusa decat in cazul celui ordinar),
intre limitele de -30 °C si +50 °C Se instaleaza in primul adapost meteorologic, pe stativul de
termometre, usor incliant spre rezervor, pentru a se evita scurgerea mercurului din tubul capilar
catre cavitatea legata de capatul acestuia

Termometrul de minima La fabricarea termometrului minim în capilar se introduce un

cursor metalic, care este deplasat de coloana de lichid ce îşi schimbă volumul în funcţie de
temperatura mediului. Cursorul rămâne la nivelul minim atins de coloana de lichid şi astfel se află
care a fost temperatura minimă la un anumit interval de timp. În capilarul termometrului minim se
pune, de obicei, alcool, fiindcă alcoolul îngheaţă la 70°C.
Se instaleaza in primul adapost meteorologic, pe furca inferioara a stativului de termometre, in
pozitie orizontala, cu piesa receptoare orientata spre stanga, fata de cel care efectueaza
determinarea .Acesta masoara cea mai scazuta temperatura a aerului dintr-un anumit interval
detipm, fiind un termometru meteorologic cu alcool. Termometrul de minima se caracterizeaza
printr-o serie de particularitati de constructie : - dimensiuni mai mari alre rezervorului ce-i confera
o inertie mai mare, ferindu-l de influenta microoscilatiilor termice momentane -prezenta in tubul
capilar a unui indice mobil, confectionat din portelan sau sticla, cu capetele bombate, ce se poate
deplasa in interiorul coloanei de alcool.

Termometrul de minima si maxima Six-Bellani Este folosit in scopul determinarii

rapide a temperaturilor maxime si minime, cu ajutorul acestuia putandu-se inregistra si
temperatura ordinara.In componenta acestuia intra un tub capilar in forma de ''U'', dotat la ambele
capete cu cate un rezervor cilindric, care contine alcool sau toulen.La statiile meteorologice acest
termometru de minima si maxima se foloseste ca temometru de rezerva, pentru verificarea
temperaturilor citite la termometrele extreme, el functionand normal daca este asezat in pozitia
perfect orizontala Pentru determinarea temperaturii maxime se foloseşte termometrul maxim, în
capilarul căruia se află mercur. În termometrele bazate pe fenomenul de dilatare pot fi folosite nu
numai lichide, ci şi metale. Pe acest principiu se bazează termografele, aparate care permit
înregistrarea continuă a temperaturii aerului pe un interval anumit de timp (de obicei de 24 de ore
sau de o săptămână). Pe o diagramă a aparatului se indică toate valorile de temperatură ale aerului
atinse în intervalul respectiv.

Termometre inregistratoare(termografe) Termograful are la bază o placă bimetalică,

în care cele două benzi de metal trebuie să aibă coeficientul de dilatare la căldură diferit. Unul din
capetele plăcii este fixat astfel, încât variaţiile dilatării plăcii bimetalice se manifestă numai la
capătul liber, aceste mişcări sunt transmise, printr-un sistem de pârghii, la o peniţă care
înregistrează mişcările pe diagrama unui cilindru rotator care face o tură completă în 24 ore sau
într-o săptămână. Termografele se instaleaza in ce de-al doilea adapost meteorologic de pe
platforma, avand piesa receptoare la 200 cm deasupra suprafetei active. Ele inregsitreaza in mod
continuu variatia temperaturii fiind uzitate in paralel cu termometrele cu citire directa. Indiferent
de tipul lor, sunt formate din trei parti principale: - partea receptoare care prcepe variatiile de
temperatura - partea transmitatoare ce transmite si amplifica deformarea piesei receptoare -
partea inregistratoare ce cuprinde um tambur cilindric in interiorul caruia se gaseste un mecanism
cu ceasornic; pe acest tambur se prinde o termograma, care se schimba zilnic sau saptamanal, in
functie de etalonarea mecanismului cu ceasornic. Termograma reprezinta diagrama pe care penita
inregistratoare inscrie variatiile continue ale temperaturii aerului.Pe suprafata sa este trasata o
retea formata din linii drepte orizontale ce indica gradele de temperatur intre limitele de -35 °C si
linii curbe verticale care indica timpul(minute, ore, zile).Liniile care marceahza zecile de grade
sunt ingrosate, sunt trasate mai gros pentru o citire mai rapida. Schimbarea termogramelor se face
zilnic sau saptamanal duba observatia climatolo
Termograf
Termometrul de minima si maxima
 În staţiile meteorologice şi hidrologice din România şi din alte ţări
precipitaţiile atmosferice lichide şi solide se măsoară cu următoarele
instalaţii şi aparate:
- pluviometru;
- pluviometru avertizor;
- pluviograf;
- totalizator de precipitaţii;
- rigla nivometrică;
- densimetru de zăpadă.
Pluviometrul tip INMH (Institutul Naţional de Meteorologie şi
Hidrologie Bucureşti România) Principiul de funcţionare al
pluviometrului este foarte simplu, citirea cantităţii de precipitaţii colectate
se realizează prin citirea înălţimii coloanei de apă ce este turnată într-o
eprubetă gradată în l/m2 . Pluviometrul este construit din doi cilindri
metalici (1) montaţi de o parte şi de alta a unui suport vertical (2),
terminat cu flanşă (3) ce se introduce într-un suport cimentat (4). Cilindrii
(1) au dispuse în interior pâlniile (5) cu o suprafaţă de recepţie (6) egală
cu 200 cm2 care dirijează apa într-un rezervor (7) care poate fi scos pe la
partea inferioară a cilindrului, deplasând lateral un suport (8). Unul dintre
cilindrii metalici este astupat la partea superioară cu un capac (9).
Pluviometre electromecanice Aceste pluviometre funcţionează pe
principiul cupelor basculante, care emit un semnal electric de contact
(contact Reed) în momentul trecerii unei tije solidară cu cupa basculantă
prin poziţia de echilibru. Acţionarea contactului Reed se realizează de
către un magnet permanent anizotrop montat la capătul inferior al tijei.
(fig.4) Volumul de apă acumulat într-o semicupă depinde de fabricant.
Acest volum poate varia de la 5 cm3 la 50 cm3, iar impulsul raportat la
suprafaţa de recepţie a pluviometrului va reprezenta o anumită cantitate
de precipitaţie. Cantitatea totală de precipitaţii a unei manifestări
meteorologice sub formă de ploaie rezultă din numărul de impulsuri
multiplicat cu volumul de apă basculat de o semicupă. Aceste
pluviometre dacă nu dispun de sisteme de încălzire nu pot funcţiona
numai în sezonul rece (octombrie - aprilie). Pluviografe Spre deosebire
de pluviometre, pluviografele permit înregistrarea continuă a cantităţii de
precipitaţii pe o pluviogramă prinsă pe un tambur acţionat de un
mecanism de ceasornic, care realizează o rotaţie completă într-un timp
egal cu 24 de ore sau în 7 zile.
Pluviometrul pentru avertizarea precipitatiilor poluante este montat in
mijlocul unui perimetru de culturi pe o suprafata orizontala betonata
impulsul electric este realizat de contactul Reed sub actiunea magnetului
M montat la capatul unei tije prinse si este transformat in impulsuri
dreptunghiulare de un circuit monostabil CM, numarate de un numarator
N, afisate digital pe doaua afisoare A1si A2 cu Led-uri printr-un
comutator fara mentinere K2.Cuplarea e supusa alimentarii a
numaratorului N printr-o rezistenta de 100Ω producand repelarea
afisajului.Numarul maxim de impulsuri este egal cu 99 ceea ce rezulta o
precipitatie raportata la suprafata de receptie a traductorului de
l/m².Avertizarea momentului aparitiei unei precipitati poluante(acide sau
alcaline) se realizeaza cu un circuit electronic format din doi electrozi
montati in una din conductele de evacuare a apei rezultate din cupa
basculanta si conectate elctric la intrarea unui amplificator comparator
AC. Smnalul amplificat intra intr-un etaj de comnda al unui releu R care
printr-unul din contactele sale normal deschise conecteaza o sirena AS.
Dupa incetarea precipitatiilor seintervine operativ asupra culturii prin
stropirea ei cu apa de irigatie, inlaturand de pe frunze si fructe substantele
poluante. Alimentarea electrica a pluviometrului se realizeaza de la un
panou solar montat in tamponcu un acumulator Ni-Cd. Avantajele
pluviometrului : - masoara cantitatea de precipitatii in zona de cultura in
care este montat - avertizeaza momentul aparitiei unei ploi poluante -
industria energetica prin conversia energiei solare in energie electrica - in
urma avertizarii se iau masuri operative in vederea inlaturarii efectelor
nocive ale poluantilor asupra culturilor agricole.
Gabarit de ploaie standard
NOAA
Pluviograf
 Date meteorologice inregistrate in data de 23 aprilie 2003

111,113,15,12.31,12.5,12.16,12.3,35.2,33.39,33.92,1.43,2.989,200.7,38.49,0,755,755,755,75
5,0,0
111,113,30,12.24,12.43,12.03,12.1,34.94,33.52,34.33,1.424,2.766,202.3,35.25,0,755,755,75
5,755,0,0
111,113,45,12.03,12.24,11.84,11.97,35.28,33.59,34.33,1.404,1.39,192,29.19,0,755,755,755,
755,0,0
111,113,100,12,12.18,11.84,11.98,34.67,32.45,33.6,1.401,3.387,214.6,27.53,0,755,755,755,7
55,0,0
222,113,100,12.14,12.5,11.84,11.98,35.28,32.45,33.6,1.415,2.633,203.8,32.91,8.65,0,755,75
5,755,755,0,12.5,11.84,11.98,35.28,32.45,33.6,1.415,2.633,203.8,32.91,8.65,0,755,755,755,
755,0,0,10.97
111,113,115,11.84,12.11,11.57,11.84,34.74,32.45,32.86,1.387,3.523,225.2,23.59,0,755,755,7
55,755,0,0
111,113,130,11.74,11.91,11.57,11.64,33.66,32.72,32.86,1.378,2.14,195.3,37.86,0,755,755,75
5,755,0,0
111,113,145,11.65,11.84,11.44,11.51,34.67,32.65,33.33,1.369,1.92,197.4,32.35,0,755,755,75
5,755,0,0
111,113,200,11.6,11.78,11.37,11.64,34,32.39,33.06,1.365,2.099,159.2,31.52,0,755,755,755,
755,0,0
222,113,200,11.71,12.11,11.37,11.64,34.74,32.39,33.06,1.375,2.421,195.8,31.74,8.42,0,755,
755,755,755,0,12.11,11.37,11.64,34.74,32.39,33.06,1.375,2.421,195.8,31.74,8.42,0,755,755,
755,755,0,0,10.95
111,113,215,11.56,11.71,11.37,11.57,33.93,32.59,33.4,1.361,1.929,138.1,22.85,0,755,755,75
5,755,0,0
111,113,230,11.61,11.84,11.44,11.64,33.93,32.05,32.39,1.366,2.837,127.8,22.15,0,755,755,7
55,755,0,0
111,113,245,11.27,11.84,10.9,11.04,37.17,32.32,34.61,1.335,1.057,118.4,26.69,0,755,755,75
5,755,0,0
111,113,300,11.17,11.44,10.97,11.04,36.22,33.26,35.15,1.326,.919,79.9,29.52,0,755,755,755,
755,0,0
222,113,300,11.4,11.84,10.9,11.04,37.17,32.05,35.15,1.347,1.685,123.4,25.48,7.7,0,755,755,
755,755,0,11.84,10.9,11.04,37.17,32.05,35.15,1.347,1.685,123.4,25.48,7.7,0,755,755,755,755,
0,0,10.93
111,113,315,11.33,11.57,10.9,11.44,35.28,33.73,34.47,1.341,1.871,138,24.12,0,755,755,755,
755,0,0
111,113,330,11.43,11.64,11.24,11.51,35.15,33.8,34.74,1.35,1.938,129.4,25.15,0,755,755,75
5,755,0,0
111,113,345,11.53,11.71,11.37,11.51,35.48,33.73,34.47,1.359,2.95,134.6,25.99,0,755,755,75
5,755,0,0
111,113,400,11.5,11.64,11.24,11.44,35.01,33.87,34.88,1.356,3.313,129.6,25.38,0,755,755,7
54,755,0,0
222,113,400,11.45,11.71,10.9,11.44,35.48,33.73,34.88,1.352,2.518,132.9,25.17,8.19,0,755,7
55,754,755,0,11.71,10.9,11.44,35.48,33.73,34.88,1.352,2.518,132.9,25.17,8.19,0,755,755,75
4,755,0,0,10.91
111,113,415,11.23,11.44,10.97,11.17,36.09,34.54,35.15,1.332,2.864,157.9,31.79,0,755,755,7
54,755,0,0
111,113,430,11.14,11.37,10.97,11.3,35.82,33.73,34,1.324,2.487,170.7,37.17,0,755,755,754,7
55,0,0
111,113,445,11.3,11.57,11.1,11.3,34.81,33.6,34,1.338,2.615,148.9,36.49,0,755,755,755,755,
0,0
111,113,500,11.16,11.44,10.43,10.56,39.93,33.46,39.93,1.326,2.775,111.9,24.53,0,755,755,
755,755,0,0
222,113,500,11.21,11.57,10.43,10.56,39.93,33.46,39.93,1.33,2.685,147.2,32.88,8.34,0,755,7
55,754,755,0,11.57,10.43,10.56,39.93,33.46,39.93,1.33,2.685,147.2,32.88,8.34,0,755,755,75
4,755,0,0,10.89
111,113,515,10.23,10.63,9.96,10.03,41.21,39.86,41.14,1.246,1.471,78.9,21.16,0,755,755,75
5,755,.001,0
111,113,530,10,10.16,9.82,10.03,41.54,40.26,41.14,1.227,.682,83.9,10.59,0,755,755,755,75
5,.005,0
111,113,545,10.15,10.36,9.89,10.36,41.14,38.38,39.59,1.24,.879,124.5,14.27,0,755,755,755,
755,.014,.001
111,113,600,10.37,10.57,10.16,10.43,41.27,37.1,38.65,1.258,1.427,144,17.45,0,755,755,755,
755,.029,.002
222,113,600,10.19,10.63,9.82,10.43,41.54,37.1,38.65,1.243,1.115,104,16.34,3.657,0,755,75
5,755,755,.012,10.63,9.82,10.43,41.54,37.1,38.65,1.243,1.115,104,16.34,3.657,0,755,755,75
5,755,.012,.003,10.87
111,113,615,10.36,10.63,9.96,10.3,43.09,37.5,41.14,1.257,2.019,112.1,25.04,0,755,755,755,
755,.051,.003
111,113,630,9.67,10.37,9.22,9.42,48.55,41.28,48.01,1.201,1.441,90.3,25.64,0,755,755,755,7
55,.083,.005
111,113,645,9.21,9.43,8.95,9.16,51.11,47.67,49.83,1.164,1.551,99.2,25.3,0,755,755,755,755,
.125,.008
111,113,700,9.32,9.56,9.09,9.36,51.51,48.15,49.16,1.172,1.822,109.4,23.36,0,755,755,755,7
55,.185,.011
222,113,700,9.64,10.63,8.95,9.36,51.51,37.5,49.16,1.199,1.708,103.6,24.85,5.943,0,755,755,
755,755,.111,10.63,8.95,9.36,51.51,37.5,49.16,1.199,1.708,103.6,24.85,5.943,0,755,755,755,
755,.111,.027,11.76
111,113,715,9.9,10.57,9.36,10.5,50.44,44.92,46.13,1.22,1.846,109.7,23.46,0,755,755,755,75
5,.257,.015
111,113,730,10.75,11.11,10.37,11.11,47.68,44.31,44.58,1.29,1.605,106.7,30.5,0,755,755,755,
755,.317,.019
111,113,745,11.28,11.85,10.91,11.78,46.06,42.69,43.09,1.336,1.757,106,30.34,0,755,755,75
5,755,.348,.021
111,113,800,12.21,12.99,11.58,12.79,45.12,38.58,38.85,1.421,1.519,90.6,27.83,0,755,755,7
55,755,.426,.026
222,113,800,11.03,12.99,9.36,12.79,50.44,38.58,38.85,1.317,1.682,103.5,28.18,5.105,0,755,
755,755,755,.337,12.99,9.36,12.79,50.44,38.58,38.85,1.317,1.682,103.5,28.18,5.105,0,755,7
55,755,755,.337,.081,13.54
111,113,815,12.95,13.26,12.58,12.65,42.28,37.3,41.81,1.492,1.863,108.2,29.32,0,755,755,7
55,755,.478,.029
111,113,830,13.35,13.86,12.58,13.66,42.75,34.81,35.55,1.532,2.212,118.4,31,0,755,756,755,
755,.531,.032
111,113,845,13.45,13.93,12.98,13.32,38.78,34.4,38.24,1.542,2.894,119.2,27.99,0,755,756,7
55,755,.408,.024
111,113,900,13.25,13.58,12.7,12.77,41.06,34.8,40.18,1.521,3.169,109.6,29.42,0,755,756,755,
755,.374,.022
222,113,900,13.25,13.93,12.58,12.77,42.75,34.4,40.18,1.522,2.534,114,29.45,8.08,0,755,75
6,755,755,.448,13.93,12.58,12.77,42.75,34.4,40.18,1.522,2.534,114,29.45,8.08,0,755,756,75
5,755,.448,.107,12.86
111,113,915,12.82,13.1,12.57,13.04,42.2,38.63,38.77,1.479,2.351,101.6,39.29,0,756,756,755,
756,.326,.02
111,113,930,13.3,13.57,12.9,13.44,40.11,34.19,35.06,1.526,2.479,104.9,31.66,0,756,756,75
5,756,.356,.021
111,113,945,14.01,15.05,13.3,15.05,37.29,30.28,30.28,1.599,2.092,129.9,30.82,0,756,756,7
55,756,.467,.028
111,113,1000,15.39,15.86,14.78,15.86,33.72,27.79,28.06,1.748,3.151,140.6,33.85,0,756,756,
755,756,.722,.043
222,113,1000,13.88,15.86,12.57,15.86,42.2,27.79,28.06,1.588,2.518,118.5,34.07,7.35,0,756,
756,755,756,.468,15.86,12.57,15.86,42.2,27.79,28.06,1.588,2.518,118.5,34.07,7.35,0,756,75
6,755,756,.468,.112,13.72
111,113,1015,16.15,16.59,15.65,16.05,30.48,25.97,26.18,1.835,4.376,162.1,27.86,0,756,756,
755,756,.895,.054
111,113,1030,16.67,17.26,15.98,16.65,30.48,25.57,30.21,1.897,3.688,169.7,33.48,0,756,756,
755,756,.91,.055
111,113,1045,16.94,17.52,16.58,17.38,31.08,24.89,29.67,1.929,3.697,157.7,33.56,0,756,756,
755,755,.935,.056
111,113,1100,17.37,17.79,16.98,17.18,32.02,25.09,26.77,1.983,3.617,149.8,31.22,0,756,756,
755,755,.962,.058
222,113,1100,16.78,17.79,15.65,17.18,32.02,24.89,26.77,1.911,3.845,160,31.61,10.97,0,756,
756,755,755,.925,17.79,15.65,17.18,32.02,24.89,26.77,1.911,3.845,160,31.61,10.97,0,756,75
6,755,755,.925,.222,13.56
111,113,1115,17.49,17.98,16.97,17.91,29.93,25.22,25.63,1.998,3.807,166.3,30.99,0,755,756,
755,755,.985,.059
111,113,1130,17.81,18.05,17.51,17.84,29.46,25.02,25.76,2.038,4.715,166.4,34.84,0,755,755,
755,755,.999,.06
111,113,1145,17.82,18.45,17.24,18.31,29.86,25.02,25.83,2.04,5.554,150.1,27.83,0,755,755,7
55,755,1.014,.061
111,113,1200,18.18,18.65,17.7,18.51,29.25,24.48,25.42,2.087,5.599,164.6,30.7,0,755,755,75
5,755,1.025,.061
222,113,1200,17.83,18.65,16.97,18.51,29.93,24.48,25.42,2.041,4.919,161.6,31.19,13.68,0,7
55,756,755,755,1.006,18.65,16.97,18.51,29.93,24.48,25.42,2.041,4.919,161.6,31.19,13.68,0,
755,756,755,755,1.006,.241,13.52
111,113,1215,18.5,19.04,18.1,18.77,28.98,24.07,26.09,2.129,4.183,187.2,31.54,0,755,755,75
5,755,1.032,.062
111,113,1230,19.04,19.71,18.7,19.37,30.59,24.07,25.08,2.202,4.152,172,43.1,0,755,755,755,
755,1.036,.062
111,113,1245,19.25,19.51,18.9,19.24,27.97,23.8,23.8,2.231,4.274,181.2,36.02,0,755,755,755,
755,.862,.052
111,113,1300,18.91,19.3,18.5,18.83,27.9,23.94,25.75,2.184,6.468,148.9,26.99,0,755,755,75
5,755,1.029,.062
222,113,1300,18.93,19.71,18.1,18.83,30.59,23.8,25.75,2.187,4.769,171.7,34.92,13.6,0,755,7
55,755,755,.99,19.71,18.1,18.83,30.59,23.8,25.75,2.187,4.769,171.7,34.92,13.6,0,755,755,75
5,755,.99,.238,13.11
111,113,1315,19.09,19.44,18.63,18.83,27.63,24.21,24.47,2.208,5.545,153.3,25.49,0,755,755,
754,755,1.015,.061
111,113,1330,19.42,19.91,18.63,19.23,27.9,23.87,25.15,2.254,4.848,166,33.04,0,754,755,75
4,754,1.003,.06
111,113,1345,19.48,19.84,18.9,19.77,29.72,23.8,25.48,2.264,4.097,164.2,32.8,0,754,755,754,
754,.983,.059
111,113,1400,19.76,20.1,19.23,19.36,27.23,23.66,25.21,2.303,4.787,170,32.89,0,754,754,75
4,754,.96,.058
222,113,1400,19.44,20.1,18.63,19.36,29.72,23.66,25.21,2.257,4.819,163.2,31.22,12.92,0,75
4,755,754,754,.99,20.1,18.63,19.36,29.72,23.66,25.21,2.257,4.819,163.2,31.22,12.92,0,754,
755,754,754,.99,.238,13.11
111,113,1415,19.45,20.16,18.75,19.89,27.16,23.93,26.49,2.259,4.532,160.3,35.61,0,754,754,
754,754,.929,.056
111,113,1430,19.69,20.03,19.42,19.69,27.22,23.86,24.27,2.293,4.795,198.4,34.53,0,754,754,
754,754,.898,.054
111,113,1445,19.73,19.96,19.35,19.42,27.42,24.06,24.87,2.298,5.129,161.3,33.5,0,754,754,7
54,754,.864,.052
111,113,1500,19.39,19.62,19.02,19.22,28.16,24.33,24.74,2.25,5.38,148,33.91,0,754,754,754,
754,.828,.05
222,113,1500,19.57,20.16,18.75,19.22,28.16,23.86,24.74,2.275,4.959,166.6,34.4,11.73,0,75
4,754,754,754,.88,20.16,18.75,19.22,28.16,23.86,24.74,2.275,4.959,166.6,34.4,11.73,0,754,
754,754,754,.88,.211,13.32
111,113,1515,19.5,19.89,19.09,19.89,27.56,24.06,25.34,2.265,4.239,166.3,31.93,0,754,754,
754,754,.79,.047
111,113,1530,19.51,19.96,19.08,19.42,27.9,24.33,26.15,2.268,5.203,155.5,27.81,0,754,754,7
54,754,.743,.045
111,113,1545,19.15,19.49,18.88,19.09,27.16,24.27,25.01,2.217,5.343,146.6,23.89,0,754,754,
754,754,.696,.042
111,113,1600,19.53,19.96,19.02,19.62,27.56,23.93,26.08,2.27,3.407,181.3,38.31,0,754,754,7
54,754,.641,.038
222,113,1600,19.42,19.96,18.88,19.62,27.9,23.93,26.08,2.255,4.548,161.3,30.95,12.88,0,75
4,754,754,754,.718,19.96,18.88,19.62,27.9,23.93,26.08,2.255,4.548,161.3,30.95,12.88,0,754,
754,754,754,.718,.172,12.96
111,113,1615,19.47,19.82,19.15,19.36,27.96,24.33,25.14,2.262,3.675,168.1,29.58,0,754,754,
753,754,.588,.035
111,113,1630,19.5,19.83,19.09,19.83,26.75,24.33,25.95,2.266,3.542,198.7,34.4,0,754,754,7
53,754,.536,.032
111,113,1645,19.32,19.83,18.89,19.16,27.56,24.54,25.34,2.24,3.371,167.2,35.41,0,754,754,7
53,754,.473,.028
111,113,1700,19.04,19.29,18.62,18.69,27.56,24.47,25.68,2.202,4.058,180.1,29.63,0,754,754,
753,754,.41,.025
222,113,1700,19.33,19.83,18.62,18.69,27.96,24.33,25.68,2.242,3.661,178,32.36,10.4,0,754,
754,753,754,.502,19.83,18.62,18.69,27.96,24.33,25.68,2.242,3.661,178,32.36,10.4,0,754,75
4,753,754,.502,.12,12.52
111,113,1715,18.57,18.76,18.36,18.49,26.49,24.88,25.35,2.138,4.125,169.4,24.66,0,754,754,
754,754,.348,.021
111,113,1730,18.34,18.56,18.16,18.23,27.43,25.15,27.23,2.108,3.634,160.7,28.22,0,754,754,
754,754,.281,.017
111,113,1745,18.12,18.36,17.89,18.23,27.37,25.62,26.63,2.079,3.909,162.5,28.93,0,754,754,
753,754,.233,.014
111,113,1800,17.88,18.23,17.56,17.69,27.7,25.55,26.96,2.048,4.298,161.2,28.38,0,754,754,7
53,754,.184,.011
222,113,1800,18.23,18.76,17.56,17.69,27.7,24.88,26.96,2.093,3.992,163.4,27.6,9.33,0,754,7
54,753,754,.261,18.76,17.56,17.69,27.7,24.88,26.96,2.093,3.992,163.4,27.6,9.33,0,754,754,7
53,754,.261,.063,12.01
111,113,1815,17.55,17.76,17.15,17.36,28.11,26.02,26.43,2.005,3.426,154.2,24.73,0,754,754,
753,754,.128,.008
111,113,1830,17.23,17.49,17.03,17.16,28.17,26.76,28.04,1.965,3.271,166.2,31.04,0,754,754,
753,754,.081,.005
111,113,1845,16.79,17.09,16.49,16.49,28.65,27.44,28.25,1.911,2.401,162.7,31.13,0,754,754,
754,754,.043,.003
111,113,1900,16.25,16.56,15.96,16.03,29.46,28.31,29.26,1.847,2.014,156.6,28.92,0,754,754,
754,754,.021,.001
222,113,1900,16.96,17.76,15.96,16.03,29.46,26.02,29.26,1.932,2.778,159.8,29.07,8.72,0,754,
754,753,754,.068,17.76,15.96,16.03,29.46,26.02,29.26,1.932,2.778,159.8,29.07,8.72,0,754,7
54,753,754,.068,.016,11.48
111,113,1915,16.05,16.36,15.69,15.76,29.66,27.98,29.33,1.822,3.388,153.7,25.6,0,754,754,7
54,754,.006,0
111,113,1930,15.48,15.76,15.15,15.29,30.27,29.12,30.13,1.758,1.513,154.6,31.08,0,754,754,
754,754,.001,0
111,113,1945,14.97,15.29,14.55,14.75,31.14,30,30.74,1.701,1.255,166.5,23.96,0,754,754,75
4,754,0,0
111,113,2000,14.54,14.89,14.22,14.36,31.68,30.27,31.62,1.655,1.342,147.1,30.98,0,754,754,
754,754,0,0
222,113,2000,15.26,16.36,14.22,14.36,31.68,27.98,31.62,1.734,1.875,155.3,28.08,8.84,0,75
4,754,754,754,.002,16.36,14.22,14.36,31.68,27.98,31.62,1.734,1.875,155.3,28.08,8.84,0,754,
754,754,754,.002,0,11.21
111,113,2015,14.39,14.56,14.16,14.29,32.42,30.54,31.29,1.638,1.778,131.8,25.34,0,754,755,
754,755,0,0
111,113,2030,14.22,14.43,13.83,13.89,33.57,30.75,32.97,1.621,1.929,157.3,29.05,0,755,755,
754,755,0,0
111,113,2045,13.71,14.03,13.49,13.7,33.98,31.69,32.63,1.568,1.477,149.1,25.33,0,755,755,7
55,755,0,0
111,113,2100,13.28,13.7,13.03,13.23,35.4,32.63,33.44,1.524,.914,179.4,25.28,0,755,755,75
5,755,0,0
222,113,2100,13.9,14.56,13.03,13.23,35.4,30.54,33.44,1.588,1.524,151.1,26.3,6.439,0,755,7
55,754,755,0,14.56,13.03,13.23,35.4,30.54,33.44,1.588,1.524,151.1,26.3,6.439,0,755,755,75
4,755,0,0,11.13
111,113,2115,13.25,13.5,12.89,13.3,35.19,32.64,33.04,1.522,1.438,192.7,35.33,0,755,755,7
54,755,0,0
111,113,2130,13.24,13.5,12.9,13.3,34.8,32.57,33.65,1.52,1.857,183.2,29.84,0,755,755,754,7
55,0,0
111,113,2145,12.96,13.24,12.7,12.97,35.27,33.52,34.33,1.493,1.41,186.1,33.57,0,755,755,75
4,755,0,0
111,113,2200,12.66,12.97,12.36,12.5,36.88,34.53,36.61,1.463,1.049,178.4,36.45,0,755,755,
754,755,0,0
222,113,2200,13.03,13.5,12.36,12.5,36.88,32.57,36.61,1.499,1.438,185.3,33.89,6.134,0,755,
755,754,755,0,13.5,12.36,12.5,36.88,32.57,36.61,1.499,1.438,185.3,33.89,6.134,0,755,755,7
54,755,0,0,11.08
111,113,2215,12.51,12.77,12.16,12.57,37.83,35.34,35.54,1.449,1.828,151.5,26.13,0,755,755,
755,755,0,0
111,113,2230,12.53,12.84,12.24,12.38,36.96,35.14,36.69,1.451,2.22,152.5,32.53,0,755,755,
755,755,0,0
111,113,2245,12.23,12.44,12.04,12.18,38.78,36.62,38.65,1.423,1.932,189.4,34.93,0,755,755,
755,755,0,0
111,113,2300,12.04,12.25,11.84,11.84,39.52,37.9,39.25,1.405,1.855,171.3,31.8,0,755,755,7
55,755,0,0
222,113,2300,12.33,12.84,11.84,11.84,39.52,35.14,39.25,1.432,1.959,166.3,31.51,7.62,0,75
5,755,755,755,0,12.84,11.84,11.84,39.52,35.14,39.25,1.432,1.959,166.3,31.51,7.62,0,755,75
5,755,755,0,0,11.03
111,113,2315,11.69,11.98,11.44,11.51,43.02,39.18,42.96,1.373,1.794,186,36.85,0,755,755,7
55,755,0,0
111,113,2330,11.4,11.57,11.17,11.17,45.04,42.55,44.71,1.347,1.912,182.8,44.2,0,755,755,75
5,755,0,0
111,113,2345,11.36,11.51,11.17,11.44,46.59,44.64,46.19,1.343,2.977,200.6,36.62,0,755,755,
755,755,0,0
111,113,2400,11.49,11.64,11.3,11.51,47.13,45.72,46.86,1.355,3.911,207.4,31.47,0,755,755,7
55,755,0,0
222,113,2400,11.49,11.98,11.17,11.51,47.13,39.18,46.86,1.355,2.648,195.2,37.56,9.6,0,755,
755,755,755,0,11.98,11.17,11.51,47.13,39.18,46.86,1.355,2.648,195.2,37.56,9.6,0,755,755,7
55,755,0,0,11
Cod ora Temperatura Umiditate viteza vantului presiune Radiatia
(°C) (%) (m/s) atmosferica Solara
(mm Hg) (W/mp)

1 3 4 10 12 17 21

222 100 12,14 33,6 3 755 0

222 200 11,71 33,06 2.421 755 0

222 300 11,4 35,15 1.685 755 0

222 400 11,45 34,88 2.518 755 0

222 500 11,21 39,93 2.685 755 0

222 600 10,19 38,65 1.115 755 0,012

222 700 9,64 49,16 1.708 755 0,111

222 800 11,03 38,85 1.682 755 0,337

222 900 13,25 40,18 2.534 755 0,448

222 1000 13,88 28,06 2.518 756 0,468

222 1100 16,78 26,77 3.845 756 0,925

222 1200 17,83 25,42 4.919 755 1,006

222 1300 18,93 25,75 4.769 755 0,99

222 1400 19,44 25,21 4.819 754 0,99

222 1500 19,57 24,74 4.959 754 0,88

222 1600 19,42 26,08 4.548 754 0,718

222 1700 19,33 25,68 3.661 754 0,502

222 1800 18,23 26,96 3.992 754 0,261

222 1900 16,96 29,26 2.778 754 0,068

222 2000 15,26 31,62 1.875 754 0,002

222 2100 13,9 33,44 1.524 755 0

222 2200 13,03 36,61 1.438 755 0

222 2300 12,33 39,25 1.959 755 0

222 2400 11,49 46,86 2.648 755 0

 Altostratus

Cumulus humilis
 Cumulus

Ciruss castelanus