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|1
 contents
Licensed copy from CIS: UNIWEST, University of Westminster, 15/06/2018, Uncontrolled Copy.

Executive Summary Page 4

Methodology Page 5
History of office layouts Page 6
offices today Page 8
Data collection & results Page 10
The next 10 years Page 12
Site visit Page 14
How will different generations meet in
transitioning years? Page 16
bsria employee interviews Page 18
next steps Page 20
references & Acknowledgements Page 21
inspire: the story of engineering Page 22

2|
 background
Licensed copy from CIS: UNIWEST, University of Westminster, 15/06/2018, Uncontrolled Copy.

As part of the BSRIA Inspire programme, in the
summer of 2016, BSRIA continued its tradition of
building and sharing knowledge by recruiting
a young paid summer intern to give them
experience in the professional workplace.
Alongside workplace experience, the intern
was given the opportunity to undertake a
project with the guidance and support of the
BSRIA staff, concluding with a report that BSRIA
would publish.
Ashleigh Bunker, aged 17, was the successful
candidate, and was asked to research the
perspectives of younger people, particularly
millennials, regarding their future workplaces.
Millennials are, after all, the next generation
of potential engineers, and we will have to be
mindful of their aspirations in attracting top
talent from this generation to our industry in a
competitive environment.
This report, minimally edited by BSRIA for clarity,
is the culmination of Ashleigh’s project.

The Building Services Research and Information Association (BSRIA)

may be a bit of a mouthful but basically it does what it says on the tin.
As a not-for-prof it organisation with over 750 members, it enables creative
research and innovative testing for all aspects of building services.

Many people don’t know what building services are. BSRIA says they are
the parts of the building that you don’t usually see but they are the parts
that make the building possible to use; things like heating, ventilation,
air-conditioning, lighting and many, many more. It’s a place where the
practical application of science reigns supreme and it attracts scientists,
engineers and technicians from all associated disciplines to work within its
laboratories and workshops.

BSRIA aims to “make buildings better” and without engineers of all sorts
this just wouldn’t be possible. But it’s not just us that need talented people
and it’s not just engineers. The construction industry turns over around
£90bn each year and that work goes through thousands of small and large
businesses. The opportunities for a great career in the industry are without
parallel and ready for you to explore.

Julia Evans, CEO BSRIA

|3
 Executive Summary

The advancement of digital technologies is The purpose of this project is to identify the
changing the way we work. Collaboration expectations that the millennial generation
Licensed copy from CIS: UNIWEST, University of Westminster, 15/06/2018, Uncontrolled Copy.

technologies are ushering a next-generation and their successors, generation z, have for

 
 

 
 their workplace environment and the potential
delivers meaningful cost saving to organisations implications of these expectations for BSRIA

 




 members and other stakeholders.
future may not even need to be a workplace
in the accepted sense of the word. With new Along with the main purpose of this study I
and more advanced mobile devices, giving investigated some related points:
employees the freedom to work from anywhere,
these technologies will continue to reshape the • how the workplace environment will affect




 the career choices of different generations
• how the needs of the different generations
BSRIA has the corporate vision of “making will need to be met in the transitioning years
buildings better”, but with the changing • 


 



  

 
 environment that meets the expectations of
future take, what will be the expectation of the millennial generation and beyond
the occupiers and what will be the impact for
designers, developers and those managing the
workplace environment?

Classifying generations What is the difference?

In this report, I will be focusing on three different Other than the obvious difference in age, it
generations, X, Y and Z. For this project, seems that the generations have different


 


 expectations of what they expect from their
between the years 1960 – 1980, generation Y, workplace. Within this report I will examine those
otherwise known as millennials, are people who differences in expectations, look at how they
were born from 1980 – 2000, and generation Z might be catered for, and the impact that they
which is anyone born after the year 2000. may have on our industry.

4|
 methodology

research methodology
Licensed copy from CIS: UNIWEST, University of Westminster, 15/06/2018, Uncontrolled Copy.

Define problem
and start
research

Articles

Literature
review
Find the Interview
knowledge gap

Data collection Questionnaire

Observation

Data analysis

Report Build theory

I explored the nature and purpose of different research methods,

and decided that a method using a combination of quantitative and
Results
qualitative data would be most appropriate for this study. Some of the
qualitative research was formal, other less formal methods such as 1:1
conversations were also used.

|5
 The history of office layouts








 
  

 +





 
 

 concerned that they were being constantly
ages where government letters were sorted watched, expressing the feeling of a ‘Big Brother’

  





 
 effect. This caused a fall in worker’s happiness

 
 
!"  
 and productivity, as well as an increase in
Licensed copy from CIS: UNIWEST, University of Westminster, 15/06/2018, Uncontrolled Copy.

#$%&'
 
 


  worker’s anxiety.



 



have undergone continuous changes in order to In the 1950s, a German design group called
 

  
 
  Quickborner tried to improve the typical large



 


 

 
*+
/  into more organic groupings with partitions to
 *



 
 provide a degree of privacy and interaction on

%3 
 
  

 

+<

*

 

 
  
%3 
   
 that the open plan design was not as positive as
long rows of desks. This was considered more expected. A BBC article written by
cost effective for businesses and the layout was ="


  

 
predicted to increase workers’ productivity and 



 
 

 
creativity. However, it did not always have this problems: distracting noises or deadly silent
result. Some organisations took the idea as an 




 

 

opportunity to pack more workers into smaller hyper-aware of the noises around them or lose
spaces. As the layout was open and rigid, staff their concentration.

German design group

‘Quickborner’ try to
OFFICE LAYOUT improve the typical
large office space by
TIMELINE breaking up rows of
desks into groupings
with partitions to
provide a degree of
privacy and interaction
on the office floor

The first modern To increase

purpose built office spaciousness, flexibility
in the UK was and collaboration,
constructed open plan offices were
introduced design
intro
Of

1726 early 20TH 1950s

century
6|
 In the 1960s, designer Robert Propst introduced 







*






>

@@

 increase collaboration between co-workers and
meeting areas and more sections that are help improve the overall productivity.
private for the employees using screening and
low level partitions. This design gives the workers 




 

a higher degree of privacy and personalisation in many different types, the older and more
compared with the previous workspaces, which traditional styles and the modern style. While
was seen as an improvement. However, even some companies still adopt the idea of private
with this move forwards noise was still an issue 

 

*

as it still travelled over these walls and did not
Licensed copy from CIS: UNIWEST, University of Westminster, 15/06/2018, Uncontrolled Copy.
cancel out different conversations going on
around the workers.
Continuing into the 1980s the so-called
Cubicle Farm was introduced, i.e. small-secluded
areas, with usually just enough space for a desk,


majority have the open plan design.
While both have advantages and
disadvantages, the idea of having diverse area
and designs is growing rapidly. Companies like
Google or ThoughtWorks have innovated and





  
a computer and a chair. Although intended and happier employees. They have done this by
to provide a degree of privacy it led to more providing quiet rooms and collaborative stations,
depression, and employees often found the 
 


+
/

space saving desk claustrophobic. comfortable. This helps satisfy the different wants
and needs, and is a better approach than the
 

%333*

  
    
K
 
the technology phase; portable computers and

 








 
 D 

 
into modern open plan, this being thought to

offices moved through

The ‘cubicle farm’ was
introduced
the technology phase;
portable computers and
smaller computer
devices allowing office
space to be used
efficiently.

ner Robert Propst

oduced ‘The Action
ffice II’ layout.

Images source:
Architectural Review

1960s 1980’s 2000s

|7
 offices today

How technology has affected

Licensed copy from CIS: UNIWEST, University of Westminster, 15/06/2018, Uncontrolled Copy.

and change them.







 Technology has also evolved so much that more
alongside each other for many years. The 1950’s “employers are embracing technology as a way

 



 to not hire as many people” says Joyce Gioia,
materials such as steel and glass. However, back Strategic Business Futurist, President and CEO of
 
L3 

  
 
  the Herman Group. An example of this is that


  

*
 we no longer need people in high vis jackets




 

 
' scouting the building area, but instead use a

   

 
* +

 
   
@ 
hearing the chatter of other workers, they had allows a bird’s eye view of the site as well as
to listen to the many ‘clicks’ and ‘dings’ of the progress reports of the build. Technology is only
typewriter. going to improve with new ideas. In the next
#3
*
    
Technology has enabled a quieter writing and there will be wireless everywhere. Designers of
working experience, but that is not the only thing  


  
 
 


@ 

 consideration how this technology will work in the

 

 

 
N environment they create.
so that employees don’t have to organise a
time to talk or to edit documents. Nor do they Technology has also affected what millennials
have to scour the library for their documents, but are like as employees. Generally, they want
can use a search engine. However, that only instant results making them more action

 
 

V  

 orientated. Where the previous ideology is more
technology businesses can become global. It “eventually you get your dues”, millennials want
 
 



   
* to work hard quickly and see results as equally
and for staff to not actually be physically as fast. This passion for instant results may make
together to make the business work. In addition, them seem impatient to older generations, but
the opportunity to rent space for a desk rather businesses will have to accommodate such
 
 

 characteristics.


 
 


 
work globally more easily.









technology. There is a new movement towards
designing with the wellbeing of people in mind.
One of the ideas is that we should be keeping
track of not only temperature and light but the
feelings of the employees. Virtual reality design
allows the designers to put actual employees in
 
 
 




well they respond to the design.

8|
Licensed copy from CIS: UNIWEST, University of Westminster, 15/06/2018, Uncontrolled Copy.

workers not only had to


 



 


workers, they had to listen

  
1950’s office 




There is a new movement

towards designing with the



 









 
not only temperature and






 



the modern office

|9
 data collection & results

It has been taken as a fact that when working in can overall have an effect on your physical and



 
  
   mental health.
Licensed copy from CIS: UNIWEST, University of Westminster, 15/06/2018, Uncontrolled Copy.


+ 

 


I carried out a survey of BSRIA employees to look
co-workers personal call to the boiler repair man.
at the extent of these impacts.
<

*    
  *
 
have many issues which can cause employees


 





 
 

How has the workplace affected your physical health?

How has the workplace affected your mental health?

10 |
 auiditory privacy satisfation
Licensed copy from CIS: UNIWEST, University of Westminster, 15/06/2018, Uncontrolled Copy.

One of the biggest problems is noise; 


^   
 
research says that noises of ringing phones in the gaps. This background chatter and
or conversation between co-workers are  


  





]
 but affect your memory, proofreading
harmful for your health and your productivity. skills, mental arithmetic and team working.
One effect called “irrelevant speech” Research states that overall noise can
happens where you can hear a conversation decrease your productivity substantially.
going on but the words themselves are

| 11
 the next 10 years
Licensed copy from CIS: UNIWEST, University of Westminster, 15/06/2018, Uncontrolled Copy.

The millennials and generation Z have grown up in a technology

infused world, so when they join the workforce they can only

   

 

 




  


 
  
>
with a modern environment, the common change happening
 
 
   
 
 
  
 
 

home, with an increased desire of having a comfortable work


  +
/


 

=


 _  

* 
  



 

  

  
+
/ 
    
 =  
 +
/     

*
you will be working in a virtual world with colleagues in other
countries and still be a in a functioning business. However, a




 
   
 

 

too laid back, some current co-working environments are even
offering beer for their employees on week days.

@  
+
/   
 


of the future.“HR review” shows how there are four trends
affecting how workplaces will change for the better in the future:
ageless, mindful, intuitive and collaborative. These changes will
allow employees to work at the peak level of happiness and
effectiveness.

 








 
 !


 "
#



#





 


week days!

12 |
Licensed copy from CIS: UNIWEST, University of Westminster, 15/06/2018, Uncontrolled Copy.

ageless workplace To have an ageless workplace means that the business allows
older workers to remain in the workforce for longer or even to
return back to the office after a break. Millennials will be staying in
the work place longer than current generations as today’s
retirement age is extended. Many older people want to work for
longer, which suggests that they are energised and made happy
by their career, so accommodating to the longer career will
require an innovative and creative environment.

mindful workplace
A mindful workplace, this means that it would be a workplace that
nurtures mental health and encourages workers to recharge
mentally and help achieve a well-balanced social/work life and
connectivity due their busy “hyper-connected, digital lifestyles”.
This balance is a key feature as in the past the employees tended
to keep their social and work life completely separate, whereas
the millennials have the social aspect mixed in with all aspects of
their life.

smart workplace
Another way that the office will change is intuitiveness, this being
the use of data on employees to help improve their office
environment, mood, wants and needs. Creating an environment
which is intelligent and intuitive at the same time will be the way to
a successful office.

collaborative
workplace Finally, making the office as collaborative as possible. Where past
generations preferred singular tasks, this generation need special
collaborative spaces where they can bounce ideas off of each
other and help create ideas as a team. Although it follows the
traditional idea of open spaces and a flat structure, the difference
is only having this design in selected areas.

| 13
 site visit
A co-working environment is a place that image and pride in your workspace. With such

 N

 
 a modern and creative design to our rooms it
payment. Within this particular business you get allows our customers to feel pride in their work
a few choices of rental. In the company we space and to want to let people know about it,
visited, if you are a member you can rent an whereas the older generation tended to keep

 
+*
 their work life separate to their social lives.”
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just a simple desk for you to work on. Within this

building they have a dining area which is open There has also been a problem with
all day and even a comparted informal meeting the transitioning years for the older
pod. They also have amenities such as social generation, within your business have you
and cooperative events for the inhabitants to seen a certain age group which uses your
get to know one another and allow networking facilities?
between businesses. SM: “Our usual customers are between 20-
40 years of age, but it really depends on the
Having found the emerging area of businesses demographic. For our company due
co-working spaces in my research, we visited to this target market we have, we tend to gear
 N D@
  towards ‘hard working but fun’.”
an interview with one of the site managers.
One problem that is sure to face the millennial With the increasing amount of millennials

{

 
  

 joining the workforce, what do you most
thought of an economic downturn could be a notice your customers compliment your
contributing factor to why many won’t start a business for providing?
business due to the cost of failure being too high.
SM: “That we provide a 24-hour availability to the
Is it more cost efficient for businesses to 
 

 
  
* 
rent spaces such as this rather than own +
/

 

 
their own office? 


 


* 


 
their current work.”
SM: “^
* 



reasonable
for start-up companies of the future, I see our The company we visited provide their customers
business as a stepping-stone for small businesses, with a modern environment but with the




+
/ * 
 
 



 

paying monthly so if the business is in trouble like. This choice also appeals to the older
and cannot continue the lost money paid for generation, which is why a co-working space
accommodation will not damage their overall is not limited to generation y or z. Overall this

  >  
 co-working environment is easily accessible to
big businesses wishing to set up in another area, all generations but it generally geared towards
for example we have a famous technology the millennials, depending on the particular
company renting with us at the moment, co-working business’s ideal market group. This
they are an American company wanting the 


 
 
/
 
N
+
/ 
 |  

  
  
 

~



 D   
 areas for hard work, along with café open all
limitation.” working hours and informal meeting pods.

A continuing factor showing within
research about the Millennial generation
is the enjoyment of work and pride with
your workplace, so is a co-working
environment better than a regular office?
We also got the opinion of Derek Clements-
Croome from BCO on co-working spaces.
He felt very positively towards them in that
they are ‘very inspiring and allow the workers
to pick their space and design it however they
SM: “








 wish. They help positivity and therefore make

}




=



 the employee want to work harder and more
older generation mostly see work as a must,
 










younger people see it as fun time to do well






K


and be creative. This also connects to the work
14 |
 Summary 








Research shows that Milllennials don’t want to preferences as the previous generations will
work for any company, they would prefer to earn lead the to a business’s employees lacking
less and work for a company with strong passions 
N

 
 

 
and morals. A survey shows that 46% would 










like to have an impact on the world (millennial 




*

marketing). Another reason why millennials how change will be necessary to get the best
don’t want to work in a traditional way is the millennials into your workplace.
 +
/
*




restricting time schedule that they have stick
too. They dislike the timed 9 til 5 work life which
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generally coincides with the location of the
workplace. The millennials like to have the option
of different workplaces to suit the task at hand or
easiest choice for them at that time.
As previously stated all generations have

This millennial generation have grown up to use
technology and social media. Having always
lived in such an environment they would expect
their workplace environment to consider those.
The next generation needs an environment,
which allows them to be innovative and creative
but at the same time allow them to keep the
 


+

different needs, wants and expectations. So

%

 
millennials don’t want to
  !

 




  
with strong passions and


| 15
 HOW WILL DIFFERENT GENERATIONS
MEET IN TRANSITIONING YEARS?

It is true that the future of this country lays with

generations Y and Z, and that by 2025 they will be
Licensed copy from CIS: UNIWEST, University of Westminster, 15/06/2018, Uncontrolled Copy.

75 per cent of the work populace. However, those

over the age of 55 – Generation X actually make
L3

  
!" * 
work until retirement at aged over 65. Therefore,
to ignore that section of the workforce would
be an oversight, which would affect a company

 
 
 
 


cannot only consider Generation Z. Therefore,


  
   
  
transition go more smoothly for all ages.

There are many ways that generation X could

respond to the millennials integrating into the
workplace: acceptance, application and
reluctance. Some of generation X have no
problem with accepting the different aspirations
of the millennials as they understand what a
different world they grew up in. Others do not form Gen
an opinion until the two groups are integrated,
the youth sharing their knowledge of technology
and the older generation share their experience


 
 
* 

  
older generation worker dislikes the emerging
youth, which is why there is a need for a casual
integrating environment to help all the generations
work together.

One thing that can be easily changed now is the

integration the generations together, there is a
simple way to get that small amount from each
generation who dislike the other because their
“too old” or “too young and don’t have enough
experience”. This is too bring in more employee
collaboration centres that help teams join ideas
together, share experiences and knowledge. If
we get all the generations to join together and


 
  


allowing the younger generation to help bring the
older generation to enjoy the changes that would
 


 
  



An interview with psychologist Marilyn Williams

helped me expand the reasons for and against

16 |
 some of the things that could be changed within
 




   

Licensed copy from CIS: UNIWEST, University of Westminster, 15/06/2018, Uncontrolled Copy.

older generation can sometimes be attached to

personalised desk spaces and with the future of
 
 
‚  
 

ƒ



 
 


„=
observes ‘having such personal space allows a
person to feel comfortable and feel like they have
their own place at work” and as for hot desking
“I believe that it depends on the employee’s
preferences as well as the nature of their work to
whether they work more from home or do they


   
  

ƒ<

*
if we do not accommodate such preferences then
the employee will be less productive and it will also
have a negative effect on their wellbeing.

There was also the question of whether people

are introverts or extroverts. Introverts like to avoid
eration standing out too much and too much interaction
with people, so the ideal place would actually be
an environment like a hot desking. This is because
they would just blend into the crowd and not bring
too much attention to themselves. However, they
would still need quiet time so providing a different
concentration room would help increase worker’s

 
 


 

for extroverts who like talking to people and not
being secluded from the group. A hot desking
or open plan environment helps accommodate
that, although they would still require the same
quiet space from time to time to get their work
done when they aren’t interacting. Both of these
types of people are found within the millennial
generation and older generation so there should
be no problem in trying to integrate the two
together.

| 17
 bsria employee interviews

I conducted verbal interviews with a number of employees and two visiting engineers of different

 

 
† 


* 





 

 

age into above 36 or below 36.
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Q1: Over 36
No paper in the office
Under 36
Skype/meeting rooms
how do you hope Longer hours but flexible Less face to face contact
technology will affect Remote working increase Ability to control comfort (heat, light,
your work live positively etc)
in the future? Virtual teams Less office based
Controllable thermal comfort Collaborative rooms

The answers show that both generations have 



   


the same wants from future technology, with only pieces of paper. A common desire from both
a few subtle differences. It stands out that more groups were the tech savvy rooms made for
than one person over the age of 36 wanted a skype calls or virtual team meetings, as well as



* 



 
 technology allowing more remote working and
that when computer became more accessible 


 
    

*
it was advertised that this meant the future   
+
/   
 





 
bid to ‘save the trees’ but they want the hassle

Q2: Over 36 Under 36

what would you like
offices to include
amenities wise or in ways
to help your work life?
Latest tech Gym
Efficient work space A view, many open windows
24/7 capabilities Greenery and nature
Flexible working hours Café

Within this question there was clear difference of 

 
  
+
/

answers, where the over 36 group wanted more hours. These results showed how they didn’t want
 




 
  to work the normal 9 to 5. However the under 36
when working, the under 36 group had different group wanted a better environment or
ideas and when asked why, they said they would surroundings with more access to nature in or
expect those things [cited by the over 36s] to be  







already in place. So they bought ideas that they  
 


 

thought would help improve their working expe- the break, allowing her fresh air and a chance to
rience. move about form her otherwise stationary pose.



Š&  
%‹{$  

that they can work whenever suits their minds

18 |
 I also used a questionnaire sent out by BSRIA to the existing workplace.
the two employee categories (under 36 and over The questionnaire results show that the
Š&Œ 


* 

 generation gap does not necessarily alter the
provided data that helped show different views  




 


Licensed copy from CIS: UNIWEST, University of Westminster, 15/06/2018, Uncontrolled Copy.

 
 
 
  

 The older generation tend to have basic
 

 requirements like better air quality or thermal
comfort. The younger generation assume that

 




 
 
 these will be in place, and think about their wider
millennials and generation Z (the under 36s) was wellbeing needs. Therefore, it would be in a
they all wanted opportunities to try new things for business’s best interest to help deliver those basic
example a sit-stand desk. Another difference was needs and to consider how they can meet the
that the under 36s wanted separate spaces for other well being expectations.
different tasks, e.g. a quiet room, a collaborative
room and hot desking room. The over 36s often




   


  

   

&'%(



& 
!&



| 19
 next steps

Providing a workplace that meets the 

 
 <

 ‘‚>

expectations of the future generation will not +
/
 

*
 
  
only enhance their work with creativity and on attendance when needed. It’s important

 
   
 



 to understand the work ideal the millennial
Licensed copy from CIS: UNIWEST, University of Westminster, 15/06/2018, Uncontrolled Copy.



    
 generation have and what would be best to
accommodate them. At the same time, it’s not
We do not yet know how new technologies will +
/     *
be received by different generations, but there it’s also important to design all work places

 


  
 
 

  around being collaborative, innovative but still a
medical issues or in different age groups. K
|
 


A recent study looked into wearable technology good, if there is not an inspiring environment the
  

@

 Ž
 workers will not have pride in their workplace nor
†



 N
 
!
  will they feel inspired to work”.
Reading, he stated his professional opinion on


‚



   
 This research shows that bridging the difference
employee to be more aware of their health in 
 
 
 


many ways such as: heart rate, sleep, glucose for that can easily be achieved and although needs




@


 

 and expectations are slightly different, they
if there is an onsite doctor who can keep watch 




 +

 =
of your health then they will know when an
employee is too sick to work and get sent home
or to the doctors. This would overall help increase
the well standard and at the same reduce
sickness cost for the business.”
may have to wait for the delivery of advanced
technology to help deliver a controllable thermal
and lighting environment – the personalised but
open plan desk – but everything else could be
delivered now.

However, some basics are the same for every

generation. Professor Croome also shared
his opinion on how he believes that future






N


(

 
environment the workers will not
#
 

 




 


20 |
 references
Thank you to the following for your time:
Marilyn Williams – Psychologist Employees from the Co-Working facility we
Ž
†



 N
•{ visited (who wished to remain anonymous)
!
 
 BSRIA Employees who completed the survey
Engineers from BSRIA
Licensed copy from CIS: UNIWEST, University of Westminster, 15/06/2018, Uncontrolled Copy.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Website Date uploaded Date viewed

www C co uk th arch th August

www pinterest com N/A th August

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www morganlovell co uk 2 2 th August 2

www C org uk 2 2 th August 2

www building co uk 2 4 2 th August 2

www the foundation com 2 4 2 th August 2

www tspuk com 2 2 th August 2

www hrreview co uk 7th ctober 2 4 27th August 2

www welcometowork co uk 2 4 27th August 2

www iida org 2 27th August 2

www interiorarchitects com 2 27th August 2

www fortune com 2 27th August 2

www tspuk com 2 27th August 2

www gensler com 2 4 27th August 2

www organisationsolutions com 2 4 27th August 2

www wired com 2 4 27th August 2

www express co uk 2 th August 2

www millenialmarketing com 2 th August 2

| 21
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