HISTORY

RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

1. In revolutionary France, who were given the right to vote?
a) Only men and women who owned property
b) All men
c) All men and women
d) Only men who owned property
2. What is the date of demolition of Bastille?
a) 17 July 1790
b) 9 June 1789
c) 14 July 1789
d) 14 May 1786
3. What is the year in which the English Parliament seized power from the British Monarchy?
a)1866
b)1789
c)1512
d)1688
4. Summarise the attributes of a nation, as Renan understands them. Why, in his view, are nations important?
5. What did Liberal Nationalism stand for?
6. Describe the political ends that List hopes to achieve through economic measures.
7. Discuss the importance of language and popular traditions in the creation of national identity.
8. Describe the cause of the Silesian weavers’ uprising. Comment on the viewpoint of the journalist
9. What are the conditions that were viewed as obstacles to the economic exchange and growth by the new commercial classes
during the 19th century in Europe?
10. How were liberty and equality for women to be defined?
11. Define the main aim of the French Revolutionaries.
12. Explain why the decade of the 1830s is known as ‘great economic hardship’ in Europe. Give Reasons.
13. What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?
14. Briefly trace the process of German unification.
15. What are the ideas suggested by Johann Gottfried in promoting the true spirit of a nation? Explain.
16. What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more efficient in the territories ruled by him?
17. Define the meaning of “Imperialism.”
18. Explain what is meant by the 1848 revolution of the liberals. What were the political, social and economic ideas supported
by the liberals? Discuss.
19. Through a focus on any two countries, explain how nations developed over the nineteenth century.
20. Why did nationalist tensions emerge in the Balkans? Discuss.
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
1. In the year 1921, Jawaharlal Nehru had designed the Swaraj flag. True or False?
A) False
B) True
2. Who was a founder member of the Swaraj Party?
A) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
B) C.R. Das
C) Maulana Azad
D) Jawahar Lal Nehru
3. If you were a peasant in Uttar Pradesh in 1920, how would you have responded to Gandhiji’s call for Swaraj? Give reasons
for your response.
4. Find out about other participants in the National Movement who were captured and put to death by the British. Can you think
of a similar example from the national movement in Indo-China (Chapter 2)?
5. What are the three causes of the Non-cooperation Movement?
6. Define Mahatma Gandhi’s concept of Non-Cooperation?
7. Why did various classes and groups of Indians participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement?
8. Some Congress leaders were reluctant to commence the Non-Cooperation Movement. What was the reason for it?
9. Why is the growth of nationalism in the colonies linked to an anti-colonial movement? Explain.
10. What were the economic effects of the Non-Cooperation Movement?
11. ”People interpreted the term ‘Swaraj’ in their own ways”. Explain the statement.
12. Why were the Indians outraged by the Rowlatt Act? Explain.
13. Why did Gandhiji decide to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement? Explain.
14. What is meant by the idea of “Satyagraha?” Explain.
15. Write a newspaper report on “Jallianwala Baag Massacre.”
16. How did the First World War help in the growth of the National Movement in India? Explain.
17. Write a newspaper report on the “Simon Commission.”
18. List all the different social groups which joined the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921. Then choose any three and write
about their hopes and struggles to show why they joined the movement.
19. Discuss the Salt March to make clear why it was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism.
20. Why did political leaders differ sharply over the question of separate electorates?
THE AGE OF INDUSTRIALISATION
1. What is Spinning Jenny? Explain. Why were many workers opposed to the use of the Spinning Jenny? Discuss.
2. In 1901, there were 584,000 workers in Indian factories. By 1946 the number was over 2,436, 000. Where did the workers
come from?
3. In the twentieth century, handloom cloth production expanded steadily: almost trebling between 1900 and 1940. How did this
happen?
4. What is fly shuttle used for? Explain the function.
5. Explain the impact of colonial rule on the Indian textile industry.
6. Describe briefly the concept of the orient.
7. Explain the Swadeshi Movement.
8. In the seventeenth century merchants from towns in Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages.
Explain the following.
9. Describe the Industrial Revolution. Give three reasons for the Industrial Revolution.
10. The East India Company appointed gomasthas to supervise weavers in India. Explain.
11. How did the iron and steel industry in Britain overtake the cotton industry in terms of export value? Explain.
12. At the end of the nineteenth century, 80 per cent of the total workforce in Europe was employed in the technologically
advanced industrial sector. True or False?
13. The American Civil War resulted in the reduction of cotton exports from India. True or False?
14.Explain what is meant by proto-industrialisation
15. Why did some industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe prefer hand labour over machines?
16. How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from Indian weavers?
17. Imagine that you have been asked to write an article for an encyclopaedia on Britain and the history of cotton. Write your
piece using information from the entire chapter.
18. Why did industrial production in India increase during the First World War?
19. How did the East India Company eliminate competition, control costs, and ensure regular supplies of cotton and silk goods?
Explain the series of steps.
20. Even the most powerful new technology that enhanced the productivity of labour manifold was slow to be accepted by
industrialists. Give an example and explain.
PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD
1. What was the earliest kind of print technology developed in China, Japan and Korea?
2. Write briefly why some people feared that the development of print could lead to the growth of dissenting ideas
3. Many historians have argued that print culture created the conditions within which the French Revolution occurred. Can we
make such a connection? Explain with 3 arguments.
4. Define the Print Revolution.
5. What are some new forms of publications which came into circulation in India? Discuss.
6. Why do some historians think that print culture created the basis for the French Revolution?
7. Explain how the printing press in India shaped the nature of the debate over religious and social reform movement in India.
8. What are the ways in which the printed press affected the lives of Indian women?
9. What are some of the popular forms of printing which appeared in 18th century Europe?
10. What is the reason why the production of handwritten manuscripts did not satisfy the reading public?
11. Woodblock print only came to Europe after 1295. Give reason.
12. The Roman Catholic Church began keeping an Index of Prohibited Books from the mid-sixteenth century. Explain with
reason.
13. Gandhi said the fight for Swaraj is a fight for the liberty of speech, liberty of the press, and freedom of association. Give a
reason.
14. Martin Luther was in favour of print and spoke out in praise of it. Why?
15. Write a short note on ‘The Guttenberg Press.’
16. Explain Erasmus’s idea of the printed book.
17. Explain ‘The Vernacular Press Act.’
18. Why did some people in eighteenth-century Europe think that print culture would bring enlightenment and end despotism?
19. Why did some people fear the effect of easily available printed books? Choose one example from Europe and one from
India.
20. Explain how print culture assisted the growth of nationalism in India.

GEOGRAPHY
RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT
1. Which one of the following types of resources is iron ore?
(a) Renewable
(b) Flow
(c) Biotic
(d) Non-renewable
2. Justify the statement, “Resources are a function of human activities”.
3. Explain the classification of resources on the basis of exhaustibility and give two examples each.
4. Which soil is known as cotton soil?
5. Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(a) Intensive cultivation
(c) Over irrigation
(b) Deforestation
(d) Overgrazing
6. Give two examples of renewable resources.
7. Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.
8. What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
9. How are natural resources important for man? Give five points.
10. What do you understand by “sustainable economic development?”
11. What is agenda 21?
12. What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
13. What are the biotic and biotic resources? Give some examples.
14. How has technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
15. Explain 3 stages of resource planning.
16. Whom did Gandhiji make responsible for the depletion of resources at the global level?
17. Explain soil erosion and give the steps that should be taken to control soil erosion.
18. What is Laterite soil?
19. Why has the land under forests not increased much from 1960-61?
20. State the geographical factors that are responsible for the evolution of black soil. Why is it considered the most suitable for
growing cotton?
 AGRICULTURE
1. Which one of the following is a rabi crop?
(a) Rice
(b) Millets
(c) Gram
(d) Cotton
2. Mention some of the states of India, where Intensive Subsistence Farming is practised.
3. Give some examples of crops, which may be commercial in one region and may provide subsistence in another region?
4. Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions
required for its growth.
5. Enlist the various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.
6. Describe the impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture.
7. What are the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice? Explain.
8. What are the 3 main features of a ‘Rabi crop season?’
9. Define the 3 main features of a ‘Kharif crop season’.
10. Name any two major fibre crops grown in India. Describe the conditions
required to grow these two crops.
11. Mention any five institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of the farmers.
12. Explain the climatic conditions, temperature and rainfall required for the production of jowar in India.
13. What are the four characteristics of Substinence farming?
15. Mention the three characteristics of commercial farming in India.
16. State the main function of the public distribution system.
17. Define the climatic conditions required for the growth of a tea plantation. Mention any two major tea-producing states.
18. Describe Sugar cane crops and write a short note on it.
19. Define commercial farming v/s plantation farming.
20. Which are the states that lead in the production of millets in India?
MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCES
1. What is a mineral? Where are minerals found?
2. What is the difference between an open pit mine, a quarry and an underground mine with shafts?
3. What are the impacts of mining on the health of the miners and the environment?
4. Which one of the following minerals are formed by the decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered
material?
(a) coal (b) bauxite (c) gold (d) zinc
5. Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the stratas of which of the following rocks?
(a) sedimentary rocks (b) igneous rocks (c) metamorphic rocks (d) none of the above
6. How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
7. Give two examples of conventional sources of energy.
8. Explain how fossil fuels are formed. Give some examples.
9. Define solar energy. How is it utilised?
10. Write the advantages and disadvantages of wind energy.
11. What are the four uses of manganese?
12. Give three methods of conserving mineral resources.
13. Which one of the following fuels are considered environment-friendly?
a) Coal
b) Firewood
c) Petroleum
d) Natural gas
14. Ferrous minerals account for about three-fourths of the total value of the production of metallic minerals.
(a) True (b) False
15. What are the differences between conventional and non-conventional sources of energy? Write any 3 points.
16. Explain how energy is an indispensable requirement of our modern life? Give three examples.
17. List the leading producers of Petroleum in India.
19. Which are the three major forms of fossil fuels in India?
20. Describe any three characteristics of Bellary-Chitradurga, Chikmaglur-Tumkur iron-ore belt in India.
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
1.Why is it important for our country to keep the mill sector loomage lower than power loom and handloom?
2.Why is it important for us to improve our weaving sector instead of exporting yarn in large quantities?
3.Why is the per capita consumption of steel so low in India?
4. Where would it be economically viable to set up the cement manufacturing units?
5. Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium (b) Cement (c) Plastic (d) Automobile
6. Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium Smelting (b) Cement (c) Paper (d) Steel
7. What is manufacturing?
8.What are the basic industries? Give an example.
9. How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants? What problems does the industry face?
10. Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry?
11. Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement?
12. Give reasons on why the cotton textile industry concentrated in the cotton-growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat in the
early years?
13. Mention any two problems faced by the iron and steel industry in India.
14. Define mini steel plants and explain any two features of it.
15. Give three reasons why the iron and steel industry are called the basic industry?
16. Why are thermal power stations positioned near the coalfields?
17. Give reasons why agro-based industries are important.
18.Why is the jute industry mainly concentrated in West Bengal?

19. What are the major problems faced by the cotton textile mills in India?
20. How do industries pollute the air?
LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY
1. What is the significant role played by Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways?
2. What type of tourism may be developed in your state/UT and why?
3. Which is the international airport positioned in the state of Tamil Nadu?
4. How tourism may be helpful for the economic development of a region adopting a sustainable development approach?
5. Give the names of 2 waterways declared as National Waterways by the Government.
6. Which mode of transportation reduces trans-shipment losses and delays?
(a) Railways (b) Pipeline
(c) Roadways (d) Waterways
7. Which one of the following terms is used to describe trade between two or more countries?
(a) Internal trade (b) External trade
(c) International trade (d) Local trade
8. Name the states from below mentioned with the highest road density in India.
1) Kerala
2) Goa
3) Karnataka
4) Gujarat
9. What is the significance of the border roads?
10. What is meant by trade? What is the difference between international and local trade?
11. Define Road Density.
12. Why are the means of transportation and communication called the lifelines of a nation and its economy?
13. Write a note on the changing nature of international trade in the last fifteen years.
14. State any three merits of roadways.
15. Write a note on the improvements made by the Indian Railways.
16. What are the characteristics of Kandla Sea Port? Mention three points.
17. Give any two demerits of air transport.
18. Name the state in which Marmagao port is located.
19. ‘Dense and efficient network of transport and communication is a prerequisite for national and international trade’. Give
four arguments to support this statement.
20. Give two reasons why the importance of inland waterways has declined.
ECONOMICS
DEVELOPMENT
1. Why do different people have different notions of development? Which of the following explanations are more important and
why?
(a) Because people are different.
(b) Because the life situations of people are different.
2. Do the following two statements mean the same? Justify your answer.
(a) People have different developmental goals.
(b) People have conflicting developmental goals
3. Development of a country can generally be determined by
(a) its per capita income
(b) its average literacy level
(c) health status of its people
(d) all the above
4. Countries with per capita income of US$ 12,056 per annum and above in 2017, are called rich countries and those with per
capita income of US$ 955 or less are called low-income countries. State if it is
(a)True
(b)False
5. Give some examples where factors other than income are important aspects of our lives
6. What can be some of the developmental goals for your village, town or locality?
7. Give three examples where an average is used for comparing situations.
8. Why do you think average income is an important criterion for development? Explain.
9. Besides the size of per capita income, what other property of income is important in comparing two or more societies?
10. Suppose records show that the average income in a country has been increasing over a period of time. From this, can we
conclude that all sections of the economy have become better? Illustrate your answer with an example.
11. From the text, find out the per capita income level of low-income countries as per World Development Reports.
12. Write a paragraph on your notion of what should India do, or achieve, to become a developed country.
13. Define the Public Distribution System.
14. What are the examples where the collective provision of goods and services is cheaper than individual provision?
15. Does the availability of good health and educational facilities depend only on the amount of money spent by the government
on these facilities? What other factors could be relevant?
16. In Tamil Nadu, 90% of the people living in rural areas use a ration shop, whereas in West Bengal only 35% of rural people
do so. Where would people be better off and why?
17. Is crude oil essential for the development process in a country? Discuss.
18. Explain the Human Development Report.
19. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this
criterion, if any?
20. In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World
Bank?
21. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development.
22. Kerala, with lower per capita income, has a better human development ranking than Haryana. Hence, per capita income is
not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss.
23. Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India. What could be the other possibilities fifty years
from now?
24. “The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person”. How is
this statement relevant to the discussion of development? Discuss
25. Explain the main criterion for comparing the development of different countries.
SECTORS OF THE INDIAN ECONOMY
1. Explain the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary sectors using examples.
2. Students in a school are often classified into primary and secondary or junior and senior. What is the criterion that is used?
Do you think this is a useful classification? Discuss.
3. Define the Organised Sector and explain the working conditions.
4. Explain the definition of the Service Sector.
5. What is called the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country?
6. What does the history of developed countries indicate about the shifts that have taken place between sectors?
7. Compare and contrast the changes in India with the pattern that was observed for developed countries. What kind of changes
between sectors were desired but did not happen in India?
8. Why should we be worried about underemployment? In what ways can one increase employment for people?
9. Why do you think MGNREGA 2005 is referred to as ‘ Right to work’?
10. How would income and employment increase if farmers were provided with irrigation and marketing facilities?
11. Explain the working procedure of the Unorganised Sector.
12. State a reason why intermediate goods are not considered in the value of final goods.
13. For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter why should one focus on employment and GDP? Could there be
other issues which should be examined? Discuss.
14. What do you understand by disguised unemployment? Explain with an example each from the urban and rural areas.
15. Distinguish between open unemployment and disguised unemployment.
16. “Tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of the Indian economy.” Do you agree? Give reasons
in support of your answer.
17. Justify the statement that “ Income and employment will increase if farmers are provided irrigation and marketing
facilities”.
18. Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.
19. Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them up.
20. Explain how public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation.
MONEY AND CREDIT
1. Which among the given is the reason that money is the most liquid form of assets?
1. It is not widely used by everyone
2. It includes shares and equities
3. It has certain functions
4. It acts as a medium of exchange
2. How does the use of money make it easier to exchange things?
3. Mention some examples of goods/services being exchanged or wages being paid through barter.
4. Why is the modern currency used as a medium of exchange?
5. Salim wants to withdraw Rs 20,000 in cash for making payments. Explain how the cheque payment would be made.
6. What are the four advantages of ‘Self Help Groups’ for the poor? Explain.
7. Why are demand deposits considered as money?
8. Define the terms of Credit. What are the four terms of credits? Give Examples.
9. What do you think would happen if all the depositors went to ask for their money at the same time?
10. Explain the meaning of “collateral.” Why do lenders ask for collateral while lending?
11. Mention the reasons why rural poor people still generally take loans from informal credit sources that charge a very high
rate of interest.
12. What is called the terms of credit?
13. Given that a large number of people in our country are poor, does it in any way affect their capacity to borrow?
14. Give two reasons why cheap and affordable credit is important for the country’s development.
15. What are the differences between formal and informal sources of credit?
16.Should there be a supervisor, such as the Reserve Bank of India, that looks into the loan activities of informal lenders? Why
would its task be quite difficult?
17.Why do you think that the share of formal sector credit is higher for the richer households compared to the poorer
households?
18. How do banks mediate between those who have surplus money and those who need money?
19. Why are the deposits in the bank called the demand deposits? Explain the advantages of deposits with the banks.
20. Analyse the role of credit for development.
21. Manav needs a loan to set up a small business. On what basis will Manav decide whether to borrow from the bank or the
moneylender? Discuss.
22. Give examples of how money is used as a medium of exchange. Explain.
23. What is the basic idea behind the SHGs for the poor? Explain in your own words
POLITICAL SCIENCE
POWER-SHARING
1. What’s wrong if the majority community rules? If Sinhalas don’t rule in Sri Lanka, where else will they rule?
2. Why is power-sharing desirable? Give two reasons to support the statement.
3. What are the different forms of power-sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.
4. State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power-sharing with an example from the Indian context.
5. Power-sharing is the very spirit of democracy. Do you agree?
6. The Mayor of Merchtem, a town near Brussels in Belgium, has defended a ban on speaking French in the town’s schools. He
said that the ban would help all non-Dutch speakers integrate into this Flemish town. Do you think that this measure is in
keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power-sharing arrangements? Give your reasons in about 50 words.
7. Power-sharing is good for democracy. True or False.
8. Power-sharing helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. True or False.
9. Power-sharing is necessary only in societies which have religious, linguistic or ethnic divisions. Do you agree with this?
Why?
10. Why has the idea of power-sharing emerged? What is its need in a democracy?
11. Which are the majority and minority groups in Sri-Lanka?
12. What is majoritarianism in Sri Lanka? Discuss.
13. Explain the meaning of ‘federal division of power.’
14. How was the Brussels Government constituted? Explain.
15. Describe the demands made by the Tamilians in Srilanka.
16. Explain the basic principle of democracy.
17. Which are the two major political parties in Germany?
18. Which are the countries that have a federal division of power? Name any two.
FEDERALISM
1. Which are the different provisions of the Indian constitution that make India a federal country?
2. What is federalism? Explain its key features.
3. What are the dual objective of a federal system? Explain them.
4. What makes India a federal country?
5. Explain the role of the judiciary in a federal country?
6. Suppose the Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa have different policies on how their state police
should respond to the Naxalites. Can the Prime Minister of India intervene and pass an order that all the Chief Ministers will
have to obey?
7. How different is the federation of India from that of U.S.A?
8. Explain about the coalition government.
9. How is federalism practised?
10. Identify any three States which have been carved out of bigger States.
11. How many languages do we have in India? Explain.
12. Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that is different from that of
Belgium.
13. Which are the local self-governments we have in India?
14. What is the main difference between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain with an example.
15. Explain the steps taken by the constitutional amendments of 1992 to make the local self-government more powerful and
effective.
16. State any two differences between the local government before and after the Constitutional amendment in 1992.
17. In a federation, the powers of the federal and provincial governments are clearly demarcated. True or False?
18. Explain what is decentralisation.
19. Which are the two routes through which federations get formed?
20. Explain the term “Municipal Corporation.”
GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE
1. What is the sexual division of labour? Explain with examples.
2. Has the caste system really disappeared from India? Justify with reasons.
3. Discuss all these perceptions of an ideal woman that prevail in our society. Do you agree with any of these? If not, what is
your image of an ideal woman?
4. Do you agree that the Caste system plays a role in shaping politics or deciding the candidates from a constituency? Justify the
answer with reasons.
5. Explain the terms “Patriarchy” and “Feminist”?
6. Discuss the manifestation of the idea of secularism in the Indian Constitution.
7. In India, the proportion of women in the legislature has been very low. For example, the percentage of elected women
members in Lok Sabha has touched 12% of its total strength for the first time in 2014. Their share in the state assemblies is less
than 5%. Could you think of some reasons why women’s representation is so low in India? Do you think the Americas and
Europe have achieved a satisfactory level of women’s representation?
8. If casteism and communalism are bad, what makes feminism a good thing? Why don’t we oppose all those who divide the
society on any lines – caste, religion or gender?
9. Does the Constitution of India safeguard the principles of secularism in India? How?
10. Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated against or disadvantaged in India
11. Define “Communalism”.
12. State different forms of communal politics with one example each.
13. Mention the type of work that are devalued by the Society.
14. State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.
15. What is the role of Dr B. R. Ambedkar in fighting for Dalits?
16. Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.
17. Discuss the educational status of women in India.
18. Social divisions based on _________ are peculiar to India.
19. Is it important to separate religion from the state? Why?
20. What led to the severe decline in child sex ratio? Discuss.
POLITICAL PARTIES
1. What is the need for Political Parties? Mention three components of a Political Party.
2. Discuss if Political Parties shape public opinion.
3. What are the functions of a Political Party?
4. Give two prerequisites for a Political Party.
5. Who is a “Partisan?” Explain.
6. How many major or effective parties are good for democracy?
7. Which are the three National Political Parties? Mention their symbols.
8. Here are three major types of party systems that exist at the State level. Can you find the names of at least two States for each
of these types?
1. Two-party system
2. Multiparty system with two alliances
3. Multiparty system
9. What are the objectives of a Political Party? Mention any two.
10. What are the various challenges faced by political parties?
11. Suggest some reforms to strengthen parties so that they perform their functions well?
12. Mention the criteria for political parties to be recognised as a state party and national party.
13. A group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government is called a
_____________________.
14. Parties are often rocked by scandals involving top party leaders. True or False.
15. Why cannot modern democracies function without political parties? Mention any three reasons for this.
16. Can political parties create awareness among people and bring them closer? How do they do it?
17. Explain the term multi-party system. Give an example.
18. Define the term, “defection.”
19. Write a short note on All India Trinamool Congress (AITC).
20. Elaborate on the Communist Party of India (CPI).
OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY
1. Is democracy all about coping with multiple pressures and accommodating diverse demands?
2. Is democracy a better form of Government when compared with dictatorship or any other alternative? State a reason.
3. Is the democratic government efficient and effective?
4. Give an example of why the democratic government is known as a responsive government.
5. What would be your verdict on democracy if you had to base it purely on the economic performance of democratic regimes
in terms of growth and equal distribution?
6. What is most distinctive about democracy is that its examination never gets over. Support the statement.
7. Explain the most basic outcome of democracy.
8. Democracy stands much superior to any other form of government in promoting dignity and freedom of the individual’. Give
examples to justify the statement.
9. What are the differences between democracy and dictatorship? Give three examples.
10. Is economic growth in democracies accompanied by increased inequalities among the people?
11. How does democracy produce an accountable, responsive and legitimate government?
12. What are the conditions under which democracies accommodate social diversities?
13. Industrialised countries can afford democracy but the poor need dictatorship to become rich. Do you agree? Give arguments
to support your answer.
14. The government in poor countries should spend less on poverty reduction, health, education and spend more on industries
and infrastructure. Do you agree? Give arguments to justify your answer.
15. In a democracy, all citizens have one vote, which means that there is the absence of any domination and conflict. Yes or
No? Answer and Justify.
16. Following a High Court directive, a temple in Orissa that had separate entry doors for Dalits and Non-Dalits allowed entry
for all from the same door. Suggest policy/institutional mechanism to deepen democracy in this situation.
17. Democracy can’t reduce inequality of incomes between different citizens. Do you agree? Give an argument to support your
answer.
18. Democracies have successfully eliminated conflicts among people. True or False?
19. In the context of assessing democracy which among the following is the odd one out. Democracies need to ensure:
A) free and fair elections
B) dignity of the individual
C)majority rule
D)equal treatment before the law
20. Studies on political and social inequalities in democracy show that inequalities do not exist under a dictatorship. True or
False?

Globalisation And The Indian Economy

1. Since independence, our economy has been opened for foreign investments and foreign trade. Is the statement true or false?
1. True
2. False
2. Explain the concept of Multinational Corporation.
3. What is a foreign investment? How much did Ford Motors invest in India?
4. By setting up their production plants in India, MNCs such as Ford Motors tap the advantage not only of the large markets that
countries such as India provide but also the lower costs of production. Explain the statement.
5. Explain what will happen if the Government of India puts a heavy tax on the import of Chinese toys. Give three points.
6. Nearly all major multinationals are American, Japanese or European, such as Nike, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Honda, Nokia. Can you
guess why?
7. What was the main channel connecting countries in the past? How is it different now?
8. Foreign trade v/s Foreign investments. Give the differences.
9. How will the import of steel from India into the Chinese markets lead to the integration of markets for steel in the two
countries? Explain.
10. 4. Explain how will the import of steel from India into the Chinese markets lead to the integration of markets for steel in the
two countries. Give examples.
11. What is the role of MNCs in the globalisation process?
12. What are the benefits of Globalisation?
13. How is information technology connected with globalisation? Would globalisation have been possible without expansion of
IT?
14. What do you understand by the liberalisation of foreign trade?
15. Tax on imports is one type of trade barrier. The government could also place a limit on the number of goods that can be
imported. This is known as quotas. Can you explain, using the example of Chinese toys, how quotas can be used as trade
barriers? Do you think this should be used? Discuss.
16. What do you think can be done so that trade between countries is fairer?
17. In the last twenty years, the globalisation of the Indian economy has come a long way. What has been its effect on the lives
of people?
18. How has competition benefited people in India?
19. Should more Indian companies emerge as MNCs? How would it benefit the people in the country?
20. How would flexibility in labour laws help companies?
21. ‘Information and communication technology has played a major role in spreading out products and services across
countries’. Justify the statement.
22.Why do developed countries want developing countries to liberalise their trade and investment? What do you think should
the developing countries demand in return?
23. Define the World Trade Organisation.
24. “The impact of globalisation has not been uniform.” Explain this statement.
25. How does foreign trade lead to the integration of markets across countries? Explain with an example other than those given
here.