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Baseband Vs Carrier Communications
Double-Sideband Amplitude Modulation
Amplitude Modulation (AM)
Baseband Communication
◦ Original message directly transmitted without modification
◦ Mostly limited to one signal because of limited channels (twisted
pair, coax cables) bandwidth
◦ FDM could help but still the overlapping problem
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Carrier Modulation:
Type of Modulation which shift the frequency spectrum of a signal
∴ 𝒔 𝒕 = 𝒎 𝒕 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝝅𝒇𝒄 𝒕
⇔
𝟏 𝟏
𝑺 𝒇 = 𝑴 𝒇 − 𝒇𝒄 + 𝑴(𝒇 + 𝒇𝒄 )
𝟐 𝟐
𝑚 𝑡 ⇔ 𝑀(𝑓)
1 1
𝑚 𝑡 cos 2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡 ⇔ 𝑀 𝑓 − 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑀(𝑓 + 𝑓𝑐 )
2 2
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Practically, what
found in the original
signal is a band B
and the modulated
signal: 2B
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In practice:
◦ Because of the antenna behavior, 𝑓𝑐 /𝐵 ≫ 1
◦ Example: transmitting a signal with B=5 KHz require a band of
550 to 1600 KHz as a carrier frequency (𝑓𝑐 /𝐵= 100 to 300)
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DSB-SC Demodulation:
Shifts the frequency spectrum to the right and left to recover the
original message
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1
𝑒 𝑡 =𝑚 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2
𝜔𝑐 𝑡 = 𝑚 𝑡 + 𝑚 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜔𝑐 𝑡
2
1 1
𝐸 𝑓 = 𝑀 𝑓 + 𝑀 𝑓 + 2𝑓𝑐 + 𝑀(𝑓 − 2𝑓𝑐
2 4
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Modulators types
Modulators:
1- Multiplier Modulator
◦ Multiplies a signal 𝑚(𝑡) with another signal 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑐 𝑡
◦ It is difficult to maintain linearity of such amplifier (and thus it
rather ) expensive and better to avoid it
The output 𝑧 𝑡 :
𝑧 𝑡 = 𝑦1 𝑡 − 𝑦2 𝑡 = 𝑎𝑥1 𝑡 + 𝑏𝑥1 2 𝑡 − 𝑎𝑥2 𝑡 + 𝑏𝑥2 2 (𝑡)
Where: 𝑥1 𝑡 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑐 𝑡 + 𝑚 𝑡 As shown in the design scheme
𝑥2 𝑡 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑐 𝑡 − 𝑚 𝑡
∴ 𝑧 𝑡 = 2𝑎 𝑚 𝑡 + 4𝑏 𝑚 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑐 𝑡 Because of the filter
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∅ 𝑡 = 𝐶𝑛 cos( 𝑛𝜔𝑐 𝑡 + 𝜃𝑛 )
𝑛=0
Hence:
∞
Example:
In the example: instead of using a cosine function, a periodic square pulse train is
used and which have the Fourier series representation:
1 1 1 1
𝑤 𝑡 = + cos 𝜔𝑐 𝑡 − cos 3𝜔𝑐 𝑡 + cos 5𝜔𝑐 𝑡 − …
2 𝜋 3 5
The signal 𝑚 𝑡 𝑤 𝑡 = The 2 comes from adding the +
and – harmonics from the even cos
1 2 1 1
𝑚(𝑡) + 𝑚(𝑡) cos 𝜔𝑐 𝑡 − 𝑚(𝑡) cos 3𝜔𝑐 𝑡 + 𝑚(𝑡) cos 5𝜔𝑐 𝑡 − …
2 𝜋 3 5
Note: as switching can be made through diodes, the diode bridge modulator is
usually used
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