ENGLISH COURSES

TASK

Intended To Fulfill The Task Of English Language Courses

Compiled by :

Geby Prihandani 1209705059

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI
BANDUNG
2009
 VOCABULARY OF INFORMATIC

A
Abend (Abnormal end)

         Termination of a program or process that is not normally caused by the

occurrence data input errors by the user or program crash.

ABI (Application Binary Interface)

         Exposure specification hardware and operating system being used.

AbiWord

          GNOME Office applications for word processing (word processing). AbiWord

classified in one of the open source software licensed under the GNU GPL (General
Public License). Because it can be used freely as well as making modifications needs.

Abort

         Command to cancel the course of a program by force and return to operating

system.

Access

         Activities retrieve or store data from or to memory or to disk drives.

Accessibillity

         How to set the button, voice, appearance and so forth on the Windows operating
system.

Access Method

         The software that controls the transfer of data between primary storage and
equipment inputs and outputs in a system.

Access Time

         The time needed to retrieve or enter data from or to memory.

Accessories

         On Windows operating systems, accessories are additional programs, such as

Calculator, Notepad, Wordpad, Paint, etc..
Accumulator

          Part of the arithmetic unit of a computer to store the results of the calculation
temporary or some other operation.

Acknowledge

         Signs of the receiver that the sending of messages have arrived without any
errors. Acknowledge Acknowledge the word comes from.

Acoustic Coupler

         Modem type simple tool to send computer data over telephone lines. The tool is
changing the binary signals into acoustic signals received by the microphone to the
phone, the signal Active Task Button  Command button located on the taskbar that will
arise if a command should executed.

Adapter

          Such cards or board, such as printer adapter.

ADC (Analog / Digital Converter)

         Tool used to convert analog signals into digital signals.

Add-Ins

     1. Additional equipment attached to one of the available boards.

     2. Support programs are added to an application program.

Address

         The figures showing the location in memory as a place of keeping information.

Adobe PageMaker

         Application software for data processing needs of design layout books, covers for
magazines, newspapers, etc.. Typically used by business type settings for the computer
purposes of making the invitation cards, business cards, greeting cards, letterhead, and
so forth.

Adobe Photoshop

        Software applications that process data and graphic images for printing needs,
graphic design.
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines)

         Digital data transmission over the high-level line telephone lines. ADSL is a
technology modulation developed with Discrete Multitone (DMT) that allows
transmission tinggi.Fasilitas ADSL speed data simultaneously using a traditional
telephone service, ISDN, and high-speed data transmission, as well as video.

         DMT-based ADSL appears as a transition from copper wire to wire with the fi
front. This makes ADSL more economical use for local telephone companies because
mempu ADSL device provides high-speed data services before teknologifi to use
optics.

Advertiser

          Synonymous with Merchant, the merchant or company that gives commission.

Affiliate Site

         Page where the ad merchants included. We can enter into the merchant’s ad any
existing page in the website, and it may disembarang place.

AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)

         A high-speed graphics bus that directly connects the graphics card with the main
memory. AGP operates independently and separately with the PCI bus and generally
running at 66MHz which is two times the speed of PCI that runs on 33MHz. AGP 1x do
one transfer per cycle for maximum data transfer 266 MB per second. AGP 2x to double
the data transfer by one cycle is 533 MB per second, while the AGP 4x to four times
the transfer by one cycle is 1.06 GB per second. While speed The maximum data
transfer on the PCI itself is 132 MB per second.

AGPset

         A chipset that supports Accelerated Grap hics Port.

AI (Artificial Intelligence)

         Develop computer science in order to work and think and take decisions like
humans.

ALGOL (Algortihmic Oriented Language)

         High-level programming language that is used to solve problems in measures is

limited. Generally to make science programs.
Aliasing

         An effect (aliasing) which arise due to image or signal samples performed at the
level is too low. This effect causes the high area of texture (d neat change) in the visible
image as a slow change. When aliasing appears it will be difficult to reproduce the
sample image into the image accurate original.

Alignment

         In a computer network is a process of leveling the components of a system of

other components. For example computer time synchronization of a system.

Align

          From the word alignment, which orders in a word processing program to flatten
manuscript, whether to the left, right, or center.

Allocate

         Instructions to put some computer memory or other units under the control
computer programs.

Alpha Numeric

         Mixture of characters and numbers, including letters (AZ; az), punctuation and
some special characters such as @, #, $, *, and so on.

Alias

         The second name of a file, usually a second shorter and easier to remember
rather than first names.

ALOHA

         Access control technique for medium-level transmission medium that handles

much
access. Data transmission will be done at any time by a station. Shipping will be
repeated
If a NAK response (there are problems with shipping) from the destination station.
Alt Key

         Name button on the keyboard located on the right and left of the space key.
Buttons These new functions when pressed in conjunction with other keys. In the
Windows environment, This key together with a particular letter can be used to open
and select the command on the menu quickly.

ALU (Arithmetic and Logical Unit)

         Part of the CPU that is useful for data processing logic and data requires
calculation. ALU consists of registers to store information.

AM (Amplitude Modulation)

         Type of amplitude modulation using the analog signals to distinguish the situation
digital signal.

AMD760

         AMD760 chipset is a chipset for the AMD Athlon processor. This chipset consists
of two
ie AMD761 chip controller or bus system known as the Northbridge and AMD 766
peripheral bus controller or the Southbridge. AMD760 chipset provides a new standard
in technology, more powerful memory of PC1600 DDR memory and the DDR PC 2100
allows high performance multitasking and multimedia applications intensively. Chipset
AMD760 support to FSB26 MHz and 266MHz DDR memory and AGP 4x.

AMD760MP

         AMD made chipsets for use with the Athlon MP processor. Consists of two chips
ie AMD762 chip bus system controller (Northbridge) and the peripheral bus controller
AMD766
(Southbridge). AMD760MP chipset using DDR memory technology and enables
maximum performance on the x86 processor technology in multitasking and multimedia
applications. Chipset This AMD760MP able to support two Athlon MP processors, 266
MHz FSB, DDR memory PC2100, and supports AGP 4x and PCI 33MHz/32-bit and 64-
bit.

AMD761

         System bus controller chip, known also as the handle element Northbridge critical
systems that affect overall system performance while also overcoming transfer data to
the processor. AMD761 main feature is the ability of the system controller to Athlon
processor controlling the bus 266MHz, 266MHz DDR memory, 4x AGP, and PCI bus
33MHz/32-bit.
AMD762

         CHIP bus system controller also known as the Northbridge to support AMD Athlon
MP processors, PC2100 DDR memory up to 4GB maximum capacity, and graphics
card AGP 4x. All of these features are designed to provide high performance server
entry-level class or workstation-class dual-processor range to high-end. AMD762 has a
feature supports FSB 266MHz, designed to provide increased data transfer 33 percent
when compared with the usual AMD Athlon processors. Also this chip is also capable of
handling DDR memory that supports Error Correction Control (ECC) and PCI
33MHz/32-bit and 64-bit.

AMI BIOS

         A PC BIOS American Megatrends Production, Inc.. AMI BIOS has been widely
used on the PC desktop.

Amorphous

         Nature can not reflect light. For example, a rewritable optical disk said amorphous
state has a spot laser beam that can not be reflected through the lens.

Analog

         Forms of electronic communication which uses electromagnetic waves

continuous, such as television and radio.

Analog Signal

         Continuous electromagnetic wave, has the ability to emit through a variety of

media and reach far greater than the digital signal.

Analog Computer

         Type of computer data processing-magnitude scale is expressed with variable

physical analog signal.

Anchor

         Area of nodes between a content source or destination of a link. By clicking the

mouse on the anchor area, then the window will open a link or source destination. So
the anchor of this area is a kind of highlight. Anchor area is also known as span, region,
button, or extent.
        Useful for text and graphics can be linked to a place in a single document same.
This link requires 2 parts namely: Anchor, which aims to mark a text / graphics. Link,
aims to deliver to places that have the mark earlier.
AND

         One of the logical operators of Boolean algebra to compare whether two variables
will result in true value (1) or false (0) with the following rules:

                                             0 AND 0 0

                                             0 AND 1 0

                                             1 AND 0 0

                                             1 AND 1 1

AND Gate

         Electronic circuits that do data processing using an AND operation.

Anonymous FTP

         Facilities transferring files between Internet sites that allow Internet users access
the data files or documents from anywhere in the Internet without having to enter
UserID
and password.

ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

         Institutions that determine standards for data processing, provide standard rules in
use the code and the language of a programming language.

Answer Back

         Computer or terminal capabilities are called to give his identity to computers or

terminals that call.

Anti Aliasing

         A technique used to eliminate the effect of the jaggies in the image produced. By
using this anti-aliasing resulting picture will look more smooth, especially on the lines
that are not horizontal or vertical (diagonal).

Anti Virus

         Tailored programs to detect files in a drive if affected virus or not. This program
and eliminate the virus.
Amplitude

         High and low voltage from an analog signal.

Aperture grill

         Consists of many vertical wires. Pixels on a monitor phosphor screen arranged in

the form of vertical lines. When the gun eletron scan on one line, this wire is isolated
pixels focused by each light. Aperture grill technique has two advantages when
compared shadow masking technique. First, the use of wire allows more energy can
pass from the electron gun, which will produce a brighter image. Second, the resolution
vertical potential will be greater.

API (Application Programming Interface)

         Application programs that provide services needed by a system, usually special

services for the application.

APL (ADA Programming Language)

         A programming language designed by theorists that are designed to be applied

remote terminals.

APPC

         The ability of a protocol SNA to communicate between several programs in the

network without the host system in general.

Append

         Command in the file-processing application to add a new record on a files or

merge new files with old files.

Application

          Software created by a computer company to do the tasks specific, such as Ms-

Word, Ms-Excel.

Application Layers

         The top layer of the OSI model protocol (Op en System Interconnections). Duty
arrange everything related to the exchange of data / information between users,
software applications and equipment in a system.

Application Program
         Computer program made to do or solve problems specific, such as payroll
programs.

Application Interface

          A set of software that allows programmers to enter a system and use services
provided in a network.

Application Development Language

         High-level programming language used to build an application with an easier way.

Application Package

         Complete application package, consisting of specific programs included in the

memory The following computer hardware support is needed (including I / O device).

Application Oriented Language

         Programming language specifically developed to have the ability change the

complex processing problems into a more simple way. By using this language,
programmers no longer need to compile the code to perform calculations
difficult.

Arbitrators

         Computer unit in charge of determining the priority number of all input devices unit
connected to a storage function or other functions.

Arcade

         Computer games are simple and two-dimensional shape, such as packman.

Archie

         Service network that is used to place files that can be accessed by public via
anonymous FTP.

Architecture

         The design of the formulation components in the computer.

Archive
         Used to make copies of a backup file in order to protect the copy original from
damage.

Area

         The inside of a computer memory which is determined by hardware or program for

specific data handling.

Arguments

         A value entered on a routine or order as limiting the reach of execution of

commands.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

         Internet protocol address of the Internet to put the hardware address on the LAN
continuously.

ARPANET

        Computer network, developed with the help of Advanced Research Project

Agency, is a forerunner of the Internet.

Array

         In a programming language. Array is a collection of data objects with identical

attributes.

Ascending

         The sequence data from the smallest to the largest, for example from AZ; from 0-
9.

Sort Ascending

         Sequencing techniques with how to structure the data or information from the
lowest to the value highest.

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

         Standard letters and punctuation marks for the computer. ASCII is a code in the
form of 8-bit characters figure 1 and 0 to represent the character alpha-numeric
characters.

ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)

         Integrated circuits in a computer system used to perform the duties certain.

ASP (Active Server Pages)

         Microsoft’s programming language that combines server-side scripting and HTML

to create a dynamic web pages (dynamic pages).

ASP (Application Service Provider)

         A business that offers access to software applications to individual users or offices
via the Internet facilities. Basically, ASP is a Dent independent Software Vendor (ISV) or
ISP who use the Internet as a means of Submitting the application, so the program can
function.

Assembler

         Program that serves to convert the program into the Assembly language machine
language.

Assembly

         The process of translating programs written in programming language symbols

into the machine language.

Assembly Language

         Low-level programming language that is more like machine language in the form
is easy to remember.

Associative Memory

         Engineering data call. Data is not retrieved from memory based on the address,
but based on existing patterns in data.

Asynchronous

         Method of data transmission of data transmitted by one character per unit time.
Synchronization will be done every time the character is received with the help of the
early bits and bit the end.

Asynchronous Response Mode (ARM)

        One of the secondary station operating model supported by the BOP (Bit Oriented
Protocol). This model allows the secondary station transmitting first start without waiting
command from the primary station.
AT (Advanced Technology)

         Type of company issued computers after IBM XT models. AT speed more higher
than the XT.

ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment)

         Standard interface for hard drives and use the cable 40-pin connector. Various
ATA is ATA-2, ATA-3, Ultra-ATA, ATA/66, ATA/100 and ATA/133 most recently.

ATCON

         Tools used in the Novell Netware environment. This tool will provide information
the stack routers Appletalk and Appletalk networking information on the Internet.

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)

         An advanced technology development in telecommunications, which uses switch

the hardware to create a direct channel between the two goals while, until data can be
moved at high speed. Data was taken in a unit with a certain length called cell (1 cell =
53 octets).

ATS (Administrative Terminal System)

System developed to facilitate the person who typed text for copying. ATS was
developed by IBM Corporation.

Attachment

         Facility on an e-mail programs both computers and webmail programs that can
used to send files, or images, which in ikutsertakan on e-mail are in send.

Attach

         Command to track and put the program into memory. Network computer means
for entering commands in a network server.

Attributes

         Data that contains information about a variable or file. In computer networking

means of access and describe techniques propertyfil e or directory in storage systems.

Audit Trail

         The concept of gradual examination of the way through past activities that effect
on an estimate.
Auto Answer

         The ability of a modem to provide feedback on a relationship with computer

system without any user intervention.

Auto Call

         The ability of a modem to dial or hold a connection on the order of computer.

AutoCAD

         Software used to design technical drawing, especially in making architectural

design drawings and construction. This software is one of software engineering issued
by Autodesk Inc.. The advantages of this software is the ability to manufacture both the
construction of two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional.

AutoCAD MAP

         One of the Autodesk software for mapping. Excess AutoCAD MAP 2000 is able to
perform operations with several projects at once (multip le document interface, MDI)
and at the same time still be opening another project with a single data source.

AutoCorrect

         Capability word processing programs (word processor) to correct the wrong word
type with the correct words but must be inserted before the words into List of the
available.

Auto Dial
         Computer system’s ability to direct dial telephone and modem destination will be
working when it is connected.

Autoexec.bat

         Autoexec stands for Automatic Execution, which is a batch file created to perform
specific tasks a user automatically when the computer is turned on.

Auto Focus

         A tool that can set the camera to automatically adjust to focus on all something
that appeared in the window of sight, so the photographer does not need to adjust the
lens manually.

Auto Indexing
         Determining keywords is done by the computer automatically as an index inputs a
document.

Auto Login

         A facility in a network environment governing the business of a user login (user).

Autonomous System

          Series of hosts and routers under the supervision of a single authoriti.

Automatic Programming

         Automatic programming to prepare commands in machine languageuse of

computers.

Automatic Programming Tool (APT)

         Computer language used for numerically controlled equipment.

Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)

         Facilities in the network will automatically re-request re-transmission known if

there is an error in the transmission process.

Automatic Send and Receive (ASR)

         The ability of equipment to receive and send data without human assistance.

Automatic Stop

         Termination of computer programs running automatically by the detector because

detects errors in the process of program operations.

Autoplotter

         A machine will automatically draw a graph based on data included.

Auto Shapes

         Word processing program’s ability to create three-dimensional text, three boxes

dimensions, text boxes and others.

Auto Text

         Word processing program’s ability to enter a key word in keyboard so that a long
sentence can be written simply by pressing a button serves as the short cut.

Auxiliary Memory

         Additional memory in addition to main memory, such as floppy disks.

Available on Disk

         Stating the number of areas on the disk is still empty and ready for occupancy
data.

B & W (Black and White)

         Display an object in black and white only. In Lotus 123, this command color
graphics will return to black and white graphics again.

Backbone

         Main lines (high frequency) communications on computer network systems.

Backbone Network

         The main connection system of distributed network with a hierarchical structure.

Background

         Color or image that is structured to create a background effect in the page Web.

Back Orifice

         Program developed and released by The Cult of the Dead Cow (CDC). Back
Orifice is a remote tool admnistration, but its presence can be misused for things
negative. If dimanpaatkan a hacker, so he could take over control entirely on the
victim’s computer. In addition, back orifice can also be used to steal data and e-mail
from the victim’s computer. This program is an extensible programs that can be
changed and developed all the time.

Backing Storage

         Tools reservoir data in a computer simpannya ability greater than The main data
storage, but has a lower speed.

Backoff delay
         The length of waiting time of a medium control acces to a terminal in the network
form of CSMA / CD, before sending back a fr ame after the a collision.

Backplane

         A panel in which a circuit board in a pl ug equipment included;

including all the cables that connect each circuit.

Backslash

         Symbolic keys ‘\’; this button is often used when working with directories.

Backspace

         Symbolic”keyboard button located above the Enter key. Work delete one
character before the cursor at the moment.

Backup

         A copy of the program file or data files created to provide assurance that the data
There is not lost or deleted if there is something in the original file.

Backus Normal Form (BNF)

         A formal notation used to define the syntax of a language computer.

Backward Supervision

         Supervision in the transmission of data signals sent from a station attendants to

master terminal.

Bad Block Table

          A list of disk block containing the location of the damaged disk and is not can be
used to store data. Sometimes called the media line detect.

Balance Error

         Voltage error caused by the analog sum of the computer analog and directly
proportional to the mistake.

Balanced Error

         Tolerance limits of minimum error and maximum error is acceptable. Generally

worth the same or opposite signs (positive and negative), most zero.

Balanced Transmission

         Transmission method by sending signals into the form of electrical current that will
sent through a conductor. The signal will then be returned through conductor different.

Bandwidth

         Transmission capacity of a network connection such as electronic

communications, computer bus and computer channels. Regular represented by bits
per second or Hertz. If written in Hertz, then the numbers become larger than if written
in bits per second. For example, if written in bits per second is 64 Kbps, which means it
is 64 kilobits per second or 8 kilobytes per second. This is usually used to measure the
speed Internet which we’re using. Note 1Bytes = 8 bits.

Bang path

         A set of names of tools used to direct e-mail from the user to other users.
Banner

         Parts that are not moving in Web documents, even if we roll scrollbar until the end
of the document. Currently only Internet Explorer that supports the banner command.

Bar Code

         Numeric characters displayed in the form of blocks with various thickness.

Bar Code Scanner

         Tool capable of reading the blocks of bar codes into alphanumeric form.

Bascom (Basic Compiler)

         Program that translates a BASIC program ends. BAS into a file. EXE that can be
executed.

BASE

         The basis of the number system, is the number of digits that can be displayed in a
system. Basic example of the decimal system is ten, the basis of the binary system is
two, the basic octal system is eight, the basis of the system is sixteen hexadecimal, and
so on.

Base Band
         Such a canal that uses communication channels that carry only one signal at one
time. For example the use of telephone lines as a means of sending data between
computers which is located far from each other.

Bash (Bourne Shell Againt)

         The shell used in Unix and Linux klonenya like. Bash is a shell that used as the
default shell by RedHat Linux. This is marked by the symbolic link in sh directory used
to run the bash shell. http://www.gnu.org/manual/bash-2.02/

D
DBase
         Software made by Ashton Tate. With DBase, users can build, access,
process and create reports from the files homemade.
 
DBMS (DataBase Management System)

         Program that allows the items in a database compiled, processed and

updated.
 
DBLSPACE

         Extend the technique of hard disk space starting introduced in MS-DOS version 6,
and
versions above.
 
DCCU (Data Communication Controller Unit)

         Unit that controls the relationship between data communications equipment.

Usually
integrated part of a data communications system.
 
DCE (Data Circuit terminating Equipment)

         Tools that perform the conversion and encoding signals and connect to the DTE
a network.
DCE (Distributed Computing Environment)

          Op-made technology en Softw are Foundation to support the spread of the use of

computer.
 
DDBMS (Distributed DataBase Management System)

          Database management program capable of accessing the few

databases at once.
 
DDL (Data Description Language)

         Programming language that can be used to determine the level of the database.
E
EFT (Electronic Funds Transfer)

         Transmission technique or data exchange financial transactions electronically.

 
EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter)

         One of the standard monitor resolution. EGA could display 16 colors in the model
graph, the equivalent in the CGA monitor. EGA monitor with a card capable of
displaying 16 colors
in the form of text (80 x 25 characters or 40 x 25 characters), 16 colors in the form of
low resolution and
4 colors in high resolution graphics display 640 x 350 dots. The development of this
type of EGA
of them is with ATI Technologies Inc. named EGA WONDER card, can
display 132 x 25 characters. EGA monitor types are still using the same monitor
connector
with monitor type and Monochrome CGA. Everex cards issued EPGA (Enhanced
Proffesional Graphics Adap too), capable of displaying 649 x 480 dot (dot) with 256
colors, from
Basic color combinations 4096 (llette pa). EPGA and PEGA called (Proffesi onal
Enhanced
Graphics Adap too), or PGA (Proffesional Grap hics Adapter), displays a text screen
132 x
43 characters in multi-frequency or jubilee sync, and flexibility that can use the monitor
and enhanced monochrome monitor. This monitor uses 9-pin connector consisting
of 2 lines.
 
Egoless Programming

         The agreement between the programmer to read and give each other criticism of
the
artificial programs other programmers. The programs are regarded as artificial
strangers that criticism is not based on sentiments expressed privately.
 
EIA (Electronics Industry Association)

         An association of electronics manufacturers in the USA which determines the

standard interface,
eg RS-232 C and RS-422A.
 
EIA Inteface

         EIA standard interface that connects to the computer communications equipment.

 
EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture)

         The expansion of computer design with the industry standard.

 
Eject

         Command is given to the printer to put the paper in the beginning of the page. If
currently the paper's position in the middle, then the rest of the page will be ignored and
put the paper
at the beginning of the next page.
 
Electric Delay Line

         End delay is used to accommodate the signal by turning information

carried by a wave transmission.
F
Field Length

          Eld sebuahfi length, the number of characters or bits that can be loaded in
sebuahfi Eld.
 
Field Programmable Logic Array

         Array logic gate associated with a programmable logic returns as one

unity.
 
FIFO (First In First Out)

          One of the queue management techniques or handling of overlapping tasks, ie

items
The first will be done first.
 
Fifth Generation Computer

         Fifth generation computer, the computer output of the nineties until now.
The fifth-generation computers have the ability to process other things in addition to
data processing,
eg for artificial intelligence (artificial intelligence).
 
File

         The file consists of a collection of records that are related. Each record
have adjusted the number dalamfile position.
 

File Form
         Binary files containing graphic images of the form, formed when the programmers
develop
program with a visual programming language. All the changes that occur with
rm will be saved tampilanfo this dalamfile.
 
File Header

         Some characters are located at the beginning of a file stored on the disk.
This header file has a relationship with the name and the sifatfi le.

Floopy and IDE connector

         This connector connects the motherboard to save permanent devices such as

floppy

disk or hard drive. IDE connector on a motherboard usually consists of two, one is
primary IDE and the other is the secondary IDE. Primary IDE connector connects
motherboard with the primary master drive and the secondary master device. While
connector
secondary IDE usually connected devices to access the slave as CD-ROMs and
slave hard drive.

G
Gathering Data

         Combining a number of data as in data collection.

 
Gather Write

         Operations that form a single record from the collection of a number of fields in the
memory location
main.
 
GB
Derived from the word GigaByte, a unit of measurement on a computer hard disk
capacity
with 1 GB = 1024 MB.
 
GBT (Underground)

         Term given the users the facility to refer to IRC users who seem to
silent, but was talking to someone else secretly.
 
GCR (Group coded recording)

         Method of data recording on magnetic tape with a very high density.

 
General Format Identifier

         Part of the general format of the data packet consists of 4 bits (ie bits 5, 6, 7, and
8) and
shows the form of packet headers. Bits 5 to 6 shows the sequence numbering is used,
bit 7
serves to deliver the confirmation procedure in the packet data and 8 bits serve to
distinguish
data packet.
 
Generalized Routine

         A routine that has the ability to process a variety of tasks.

H
HTML 3.2

         Standard HTML format developed by the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
 

HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)

         A method or protocol to download the file to your computer. This protocol-based
hyper text, a text format commonly used on the Internet.
 
Hub ring

         A flat ring found on the floppy disk hole size of 5.25 "and serves to
increase the strength of floppy disk.
 
Hue

         The term which states set the color spectrum. Hue is the component that
determine what colors are used. In the gradient, when used color models
using hue as one of the components will be made a rainbow effect.
 
Hybrid Computer

         A digital computer which receives the analog signal, convert it into digital data
and processing.
 
HydraVision

         ATI Technology to be able to show two displays from one graphics card. This
feature
allows two displays can be raised with the resolution and refresh rate are different.
I
Icon

         A small symbol is an image that appears on the computer screen. Usually used
to represent documents or other programs and disk drives.
 

ICQ
         From the word "I Seek You". Applications to chat with the exchange of files and
sending
SMS.
 
IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)

         A type of functioning hardware interface for connecting hard disks, CD-ROM
and tape drives on a PC. IDE is very popular and widely used because it provides a way

a comparatively economical to connect a hardware component.

 
IDE controller
         The instrument used to regulate the hard disk, cd-rom, etc..
 
Idle time
         The duration of time when a device in a static condition. In other words, life tools
or active, but can not be used for work.
 
IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol)
         A protocol used by gateways in an autonomous system for
transfer route information.
 
ILD (Inter Layer dielectric)
         Isolation / insulation installed in between the layers aluminum or copper wire
connect the transistors on a chip. Dielectric polymer found in the early
21st century greatly influenced the design of a chip.
Jaggies
         A jagged effects arising from the use of digital techniques to
displaying an image. This effect is particularly visible on the diagonal line.
 
J
Java
         Programming language to create active content in Web pages, can also be
run in all computers. Java applets retrieved / accessed from a Web page and run
total.
 

Java applet
         A Java program is downloaded from the server and the streets through the
browser program.
Java Virtual Machine in the browser dibundle and giving instructions.
 
JavaScript
         Scripting language interpreter to create active content in Web pages.
 
JEDEC (Joint Electronic Device Engineering Council)
         International agencies that set the standard IC (Integrated Circuit).
 
JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group)
         File format that contains data of the image. JPEG images are lossy compressed,
thus reduced the image quality for small file sizes. Nevertheless
differences in quality will not be visible to certain images. JPEG usually
used for the pictures that are not clearly limit the color, such as photographs, paintings,
etc..
 
Junk e-mail
         E-mail is not useful and would like removed. Kaleida
         Joint venture between Apple and IBM are developing multimedia software ScriptX.

 
K
Kerberos
         Encryption-based security systems at MIT made to prevent abuses in
password and login controls. This system provides client services to determine the
allowed to access specific servers, and authentication services between the password
and
login client and server.
 
Kbit / s (kilobits per Second)
         Size for data transfer or modem speed. Most modern computers to
download information at speeds of 56 Kbit / s. Used to express the speed
transfer data across a network. One kilobits equal to 1000 bits.
 
Kbps
         Kilobytes per second.
 
KHz
         Frequency unit equal to 1000 cycles per second.
 
 
Power Connector
         Connecting pin motherboard with power supply in case of a computer.
At AT type motherboards, chassis is needed is the type of AT as well. AT Power
connector type
consists of two parts, where the two wires from the power supply will be lodged. In ATX
type, cable
power supply integrated in one complete header, so stay in menancapkannya
motherboard. This cable consists of two columns in accordance with the pin on the
motherboard which consists of
two pin array as well. There are some motherboards that provide two types of power
connectors, AT and
ATX. Most new motherboards are ATX type.
L
L1 Cache
         A small number of SRAM memory used as cache or a single integrated
packages in the same module on the processor. L1 cache is locked at the same speed
processor. Useful to store temporary instructions and data, and ensure
that the processor has a stable supply of data to be processed in memory while taking
and
storing new data.
 
L2 Cache
         Generally consists of SRAM chips near the processor, however, latest generation
Athlon processors have L2-Cache on chip. Its function is similar to the L1 cache, L2
Cache is also known as secondary cache, a memory that has a sequence of velocity
The second (type of memory is the fastest L1 Cache) which provided for the
microprocessor.
 
LAN
         A network built at a location such as at home or building office. Can be interpreted
also as a computer communications system limited distance no more than a few miles
and using high-speed connection between 2 to 100 Mbps.
 
Land Attack
         Attacks to the system by using a program called "land". If
attacks directed at Windows systems, the system will be protected not hang
(and get out the blue screen). Similarly, if the attack is directed to the old version of the
UNIX system,
then the system will hang. If the attack is directed to the Windows NT system, the
system will be busy
with the CPU usage reaches 100% for some time so the system looks like a traffic jam.
Land program intended to attack the server by sending fake packets as if
derived from the destination server. In other words, the source and destination of the
packet is made as
will come from the destination server. As a result the server that was attacked was
confused.
 
Layer
         Layers (the concept) in networking. Various communication models such as OSI
and TCP / IP
composed of several layers that make up the protocol.
 
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
         Type of display screen that uses a liquid compound that has the structure
polar molecules, sandwiched between two transparent electrodes. When the electric
field is given, the molecule
adjust its position on the field, forming a crystalline structure of light mempolarisasi
whereby.
M
Mailing list
         A discussion forum on the Internet by using e-mail. One message from a
members will be accepted by all members.
 
Mail Notifier
         Features in the mailer that always tells us if there is an e-mail arrived.
 
Man Command
         In a UNIX command that allows to obtain information about the command -
commands in the UNIX operating system (man stands for manual), and the command is

command parameters to be known.

 
Mandrake (http://www.linux-mandrake.com)
         One of the Linux distributions, was born inspired by the Red Hat Linux, with many
prakonfigurasi application development and making it easier for beginners, both from
initial process XWindow-based installation, to use and is supported by
various languages. In the Mandrake, all packages have been compiled with CPU
optimizations for
Pentium class (Intel, AMD, cyrixm winchip) and the processor on it and make
optimization
more than 30%.
 
Member
          Members. Member ID = identity of members, member name = name of a
member.
 
Merchant
         Traders or companies in the Internet which provides the commission, which is a
strategy
online sales.
N
Network Adapter
         A hardware device used to connect computers to the network.
A network adapter can be a PCI card or a computer connected to the
external via USB or parallel port.
 
Network Admnistrator
         The person responsible for taking care of the network and help users.
 
Network Crawler
         A type of destroyer program commonly called viruses or worms and causes slow
performance in the network.
 
Network Service Provider
         Service providers including telecommunications companies, data carriers, ISPs,
Wireless -
Communication Service Providers and cable operators that offer a connection speed
high
 
Newsletter
         News sheets, such bulletins. On the Internet means that pieces of news that
spread via e -
mail, with a layout like a web page, so that it can link is clicked.
 
NFS
        Required if you want to access the remote filesystem to a server and this support
is a must.
O
OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer)
         A slank phrase to describe a company that has a special relationship
with large-scale computer manufacturer. OEM buy products made by large companies
not yet rated brands and then packaging and selling these products with the brand's
their company.
 
OLE (Object Linking and Embedding)
         Way from Microsoft to be able to communicate between different computer
programs,
the basis used for the development of ActiveX.
 
On Now
         The technology developed by Microsoft. On Now is the term for a PC
which is always alive but looks dead and immediately responds to the user or the
condition
else if requested.
 
Open relay
         A server that allows the account to another domain to use the machine.
So contrary to close the relay.
 
OS / 2 HPFS
          Filesystem supports OS / 2 and HPFS. Linux can not read these filesystems
(read-only).
 
OTP (One-Time Programmable)
         Part memory or a certain memory functions that only allow programming
done at one time. In this case the reprogramming is not possible.
P
Page Wizard
         The steps are assigned sequentially to guide in making
a web page.
 
Parity
         An error condition detection system that tests the integrity of data between
systems
computers and networks. Parity check using the extra bits 9 which includes the value of
0-1
(depending on the content of the data byte). Each time a byte is transferred or
transmitted,
test occurred parity bits.
 
Partitions
         The process of dividing the disk into two or more, so as if there will be
more than one disk.
 
Payload
         Effects caused by a virus. In some cases, can also be used to
calls related to virus or Trojan Horse dropper.
 
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)
         Peripheral bus commonly used on the PC, Macintosh and workstations. First time
designed by Intel and appeared on the market at the end of 1993. PCI provides a data
transfer path
quickly between the CPU with peripheral components in a PC like the other videos,
disks, network
and others. Query
         An extracting data from a database and displays them for "processing" more
information.
 
Q
QuickStart Technology
         This feature extended battery life by entering the low power status while
does not work or between jobs, although in a very short time.

R
Radio Button
         Used in the form in order to select only one option from a list of exclusive
choice.
 
RAMDAC (Random Access Memory Digital to Analog Converter)
         VGA controller chip set color palette and converts data from memory to the signal
analog on the monitor.
 
RDRAM
         A dynamic chip technology from RAMBUS, Inc.. This product has a special license
to
semiconductor technology that produces chips. In the basic chip introduced in 1995 with

speed of 600 MBytes / sec. In 1997, Concurrent RDRAM speed increase

up to 700 MBps, and in 1998, Direct RDRAM reach speeds of 1.6 Gbps. Concurrent
RDRAMs widely used in video games, while the Direct RDRAM used in
computer.
 
Recovery CD
         Recovery CD has the function to return the disk contents as originally
PC (Personal Computer) for sale, alias back to the standard from the manufacturer.
 
Red Hat (http://www.redhat.com)
         One of the Linux distribution, a distribution (distro) the most popular. Graphics
mode
facilitate this installation. Biggest point of this distribution is RPM (Redhat Package
Manager), with
this software we can install or uninstall applications and components sisop. Current
RPM
considered a de-facto standard in terms of packaging and its use has been widespread
in various
other distributions, except for Debian.
 S

 SDRAM (Synchronised Dynamic RAM)

         DRAM is a spectacular place. Memory access cycle is synchronized with
processor clock. Thereby reducing the waiting time between the processor and
memory.
 
Search Engine
          A (facility) that can search the web links from other sites.
 
Sendmail
          One of the "mail transport agent (MTA) is the most widely used on UNIX systems.

The task of sendmail is to receive e-mails from outside and from the local system and
send it to the destination (such as adding e-mail to the mailbox of the user or
send it to the destination server.
 

Server
          1. A computer on the Internet or on any other network that stores files and
                make the file available to be taken if necessary.
         2. A computer network applications are used to serve many users
                in one network.
 
Setting
          A program that makes up a system or a software application.
 
Setup
          A program that prepares a software application that can run on a
computer. Setup creates a folder with the default name on the hard drive and copying
files
files from the CD-ROM or floppy disk.
 
Setup Wizard
         Part of the setup program that helps the user to perform the installation process
correctly.
T
Title
         HTML tags are used to give the title of each HTML document.
 
Transmision Line
         Transmission line, the physical connection from the computer through the Internet
like a telephone line or IT.
 
Tray Icon
         In the Windows operating system, tray icon on the toolbar is located next to the
clock
can indicate the status of programs running on the computer.
 
Trojan Horse
         An application designed to perform a fraud but veiled
with kindness. Usually the method is to put (attach a file by e -
mail) a specific file that contains a Trojan Horse but with attractive packaging. If
Trojan Horse successfully infect it has a hacker can get unlimited access
to the victim's computer. Three types of Trojan horse is a popular use Bac Orifice,
Netbus,
and SubSeven.
 
True Color
         Real colors with 24 bits and 16.7 million color variations. The term used true color
for Macintosh systems (for the PC is not often used) in the image of the property
mentioned
display. UMSDOS
         This support is needed if you want to run Linux on a DOS partition but it seems
RedHat Linux will not be able to run on a file system UMSDOS.
 
U
Unified Driver Architecture (UDA)
         UDA ensure complete compatibility with software drivers. UDA facilitate
upgrade to the latest NVIDIA product because all NVIDIA products work made with
software
The same driver.
 
UNIX
         The operating system used on both PC and Mainframe. Many computers and
servers are connected to the Internet using UNIX.
 
Upload
        The process of transferring information from one computer to another computer /
server over the Internet.
 
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
         An address indicating the route to a file on the Web or on the Internet facility
other. Typing the URL in your browser to access a Web site.
 
USB (Universal Serial Bus)
         Socket contained in all new models for PC connection USB devices.
USB supports easy installation with Plug and Play system, and gradually
replaces the serial and parallel ports of the old. USB devices include scanners, modems
and
printer. V.32
         Protocol used to transfer data modem with a maximum speed
9600 bps.
 
V

V.32bis
         Protocol used to transfer data modem with a maximum speed
28,800 bps.
 
V.34
         Protocol used to transfer data modem with a maximum speed
28,800 bps.
 
V.42
         Standard ITU (1989) to check the occurrence of errors (errors) in the modem
using LAP-M as the main protocol and MNP Classes 2 through a protocol
alternatives.
 
V.42bis
         Modem protocol that is used to compress the data up to a maximum of four times
smaller.
V.90
         Standard ITU (1988) for a modem that works on the downstream speed of 56
Kbps and
upstream speed of 33.6 Kbps.

W
WinWAIS
         Windows-based program that allows use WAIS to track information
on the Internet.
 
Web Hosting
         Provision of space to store the web pages by the owner of the computer / server,
which
can be accessed 24 hours via the Internet.
 
Web Servers
         Hardware and software that is used to store and send
HTML document for use in World Wide Web.
 
Web Site
         A collection of HTML documents in a personal or corporate Web server. A server
Web can contain more than one site.
 

Webcams
         Video camera designed to connect to a PC. The camera can be used to
record a video clip that can be sent via e-mail or to transmit images
directly on the Internet for video conferencing.
 
Whois
         Free Internet program that is used to provide or compile a database
from the Internet domain name and artities someone else.

X
X2
         The technology used by companies to implement a modem USRobotics
56 k.
 
X.25
         A protocol that determines the exchange package. X.25 is the CCITT standard
defines the communication protocol to access the packet switched network. This
protocol does not
so important, because through X.25 seen that the TCP / IP is much better.
 
X.75
         How to connect together X.25 network.
 
Xabre
         SiS graphics chipset that supports full AGP 8x and DirectX. This chip is
The first graphics chip that supports both features.

Z
Z-Buffer
         Area of graphics memory used to store the Z or depth information
or object drawn. Z-buffer value of a pixel is used to determine whether he
located behind or in front of the other pixels. Z calculations prevent background objects
in overwrite objects that are in front of the frame buffer.
 
Zip
         ZIP is a common compression format used in the MS-DOS and Windows.
Some files can be merged into one and reduced in size in a single ZIP file
(zip file). There are several programs to manipulate this ZIP file, among others:
 PKZip and PKUNZIP (shareware for MS-DOS)
 WinZip (for Windows 95)
 zip and unzip (free for UNIX)
 
ZIP socket (Zero Insertion Force socket)
         A type of socket is designed to be easy to enter the PGA chip.