Kartuli Khelnaweri Albomi PDF

qarTuli xelnaweri wigni
xelnawerTa erovnuli centri

NATIONAL CENTRE OF MANUSCRIPTS
Tbilisi • 2010 • TBILISI

GEORGIAN qarTuli
MANUSCRIPT BOOK xelnaweri wigni
5th-19th centuries V-XIX ss.
ON-LINE ALBUM eleqtronuli albomi
Prepared by Maia Karanadze, Lela Shatirishvili, Nestan Chkhikvadze Seadgines maia karanaZem, lela SaTiriSvilma, nestan CxikvaZem,
with participation Tamar Abuladze Tamar abulaZis monawileobiT
Editor: Nestan Chkhikvadze nestan CxikvaZis redaqciiT

aRniSnuli proeqti ganxorcielda ssip qarTvelologiis, humanitarul winamdebare AalbomSi warmodgenilia xelnawerTa erovnuli centris
da socialur mecnierebaTa fondSi (rusTavelis fondi), amJamad fondebSi (A, H, S, Q) daculi V-XIX ss-is qarTuli xelnaweri wignebi
SoTa rusTavelis erovnul samecniero fondSi, mopovebuli grantis da ucxoeTis (sinis mTAa, ierusalimis berZnuli sapatriarqo) qarTuli
meSveobiT (granti N 016-08). winamdebare publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli koleqciebis is fotoaslebi, romelTa gamoyenebis uflebasac flobs
nebismieri azri ekuTvniT avtorebs da, SesaZloa, ar asaxavdes ssip xelnawerTa erovnuli centri. albomSi Sesuli adiSis oTxTavis mxatvruli
rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero fondis Sexedulebebs. asli Sesrulebulia avtorTa mier Sedgenili aRwerilobisa da miTiTebebis
safuZvelze. yvela es xelnaweri TvalnaTliv asaxavs wignis, rogorc
kulturul-istoriuli fenomenis, warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis istorias.
Current project was executed and accomplished by the financial support of
the Foundation of Georgian Studies, Humanitiess and Siocial Sciences (Rustaveli Aalbomi Sedgeba oTxi Tavisgan. masSi Tavmoyril masalas axlavs zogadi
foundation) at present Rustaveli National Science Foundation (Grant N 016-08). Sinaarsis sainformacio teqsti da saTanado fotonimuSebi anotaciebis
Any idea in this publication belongs to the author and may not represent TanxlebiT. alboms erTvis zogadi bibliografia.
the opinion of the Rustaveli National Science Foundation itself.
albomi gamiznulia qarTuli werilobiTi kulturis istoriiT
dainteresebuli mkiTxvelebisTvis.
An on-line album of Georgian manuscript book was created within the Grant project
“Georgian Manuscript Book (including website)” financed by Rustaveli research fund.
albomis dizaini N. Chkhikvadze (scientific research manager), M. Karanadze, L. Shatirishvili were
viola tuRuSi working on this project with participation of T. Abuladze.
fotoebi In the album there are represented 5th-19th cent. Georgian manuscript books preserved
mirian kilaZe in the fonds of National Centre of Manuscripts (A, H, S, Q) as well as some items
belonging to foreign funds and National Manuscript Centre has the legal right of using
photo copies of them.
Artistic copy of Adishi gospel is accomplished on the bases of authors’ descriptions and
albomSi gamoqveynebuli fotomasalisa da TiToeuli monakveTis raime formiT
instructions. All this manuscripts show the origin and the development of the book as
(eleqtronuli, beWduri) gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia mxolod saavtoro uflebis
mflobelis werilobiTi nebarTvis safuZvelze. a cultural-historical phenomenon.
Album consists of four chapters. Common informational texts and photos

with annotation come with every collected material, as well as main bibliography.
ISBN 978-9941-0-3093-2 This album will be helpful for readers who are interested in written culture.
© xelnawerTa erovnuli centri
© n. CxikvaZe, l. SaTiriSvili, m. karanaZe
qarTuli werilobiTi kulturis saTaveebi.
damwerlobis warmoSoba
qarTul xelnawerTa Seqmnisa da gadanacvlebis ruka (V-XVII ss.)
qarTuli xelnaweri tradicia 16-saukunovan isto-

rias iTvlis. misi uZvelesi nimuSebi V saukuniT TariRd-
eba. es adreuli furclebic ki savsebiT naTel warmod-
genas gviqmnian Tanadrouli epoqis inteleqtualuri
cxovrebis, mxatvruli azrovnebisa da materialuri kul-
turis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. qarTuli xelnaweri ar Seqm-
nila Caketil da msoflio civilizaciisagan mowyvetil
garemoSi. mis warmoSobasa da ganviTarebas, erTi mxriv,
xeli Seuwyo saqarTvelos kulturulma da politikur-
ma orientaciam da, meore mxriv, saxelmwifoebriobisa
da kulturuli identurobis dacvis aucileblobam. am
identurოbis erT-erT mniSvnelovan elements ki qarTu-
li damwerlobis warmoSoba Seadgenda.
rodis da ra viTarebaSi Seiqmna qarTuli damwer-
loba? am kiTxvis pasuxs mecniereba xangrZlivi drois
ganmavlobaSi eZebs. qarTuli anbanis Zirebs ukavSireben
finikiur, arameul, berZnul damwerlobebs. azrTa sxva
dasxvaobas iwvevs misi warmoSobis droc. mkvlevarTa
nawili qarTul anbans preqristianuli epoqis movlenad
miiCnevs, xolo nawili – qristianobis Semdgom Camoya-
libebul sistemad. azrTa aseT sxvadasxvaobas xels uw
qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 7

yobs antikuri xanis saqarTvelos Sesaxeb arsebuli ber- naTel magaliTs warmoadgens armazis xevSi aRmoCenili
Znuli wyaroebi (apolonios rodoseli, Zv. w. 295-215; ax. w. II s-iT daTariRebuli orenovani epitafia, romelic
svidas leqsikoni, X s.), romelTa Tanaxmad, jer kidev samecniero literaturaSi armazis bilingvis saxeliTaa
argonavtebis epoqis kolxeTSi arsebobda tyavze naweri cnobili. sayuradReboa erTi garemoeba: bilingvis ar-
wignebi. qarTveli mematiane leonti mroveli (XI s.) ki ameuli anbani Crdilo mesopotamiuri arameulis da-
qarTuli damwerlobis warmoSobas ukavSirebs qarTlis moukidebel Stos e. w. armazul damwerlobas warmoad-
mefe farnavazs (Zv. w. III s.): èse farnavaz iyo pirveli gens. rogorc Cans, swored igi unda yofiliyo qarTlis
mefe qarTlsa Sina qarTlosisa naTesavTagani. aman ga- saxelmwifo-sakancelario enaca da anbanic. rac Seexeba
navrco ena¡ qarTuli da arRara iZraxeboda sxua¡ ena¡ ebrauls, igi qarTlSi kompaqturad dasaxlebuli ebrau-
qarTlsa Sina T¢nier qarTulisa da aman Seqmna mwigno- li eTnosis damwerlobas warmoadgenda.
broba¡¡ qarTuli~. magram qarTuli damwerlobis uZvele- am anbanuri sistemebis gamoyenebas arc literatu-
si nimuSebi, rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, mxolod V sau- ruli da, Sesabamisad, arc xelnaweri tradicia ar war-
kunidan dasturdeba. maS, ra safuZveli hqonda mematianes mouSvia. Tumca armazuli damwerlobis arseboba ukve
werilobiTi kulturis dasawyisi CvenSi Zv.w. III saukuniT migvaniSnebs, rom qarTul saxelmwifo da sazogadoebriv
daeTariRebina? am kiTxvas erTgvarad exmianeba saqarT- azrovnebas erTi biZgiRa sWirdeboda sakuTari anbanuri
velos teritoriaze mopovebuli arqeologiuri masala, sistemisa da samwerlobo-dokumenturi kulturis Camo-
romelzec dadasturebulia Zv. w. III – ax. w. III sauku- sayalibeblad. amgvari biZgi qristianoba iyo.
neebiT daTariRebuli berZnuli, arameuli da ebrauli qristianoba CvenSi aRmosavleTidan movida. isto-
warwerebi. es warwerebi gvxvdeba rogorc sakulto- riuli gadmocemis Tanaxmad, moZRvreba qarTvelTa So-
saritualo, aseve sayofacxovrebo nivTebze – samkaule- ris I saukuneSi gaavrceles svimeon kananelma da andria
bze, sabeWdavebze, Tixis, minisa da vercxlis WurWelze, pirvelwodebulma. unda vifiqroT, mociqulTa Semosvlam
saflavis qvebsa Tu stelebze. es faqtebi savsebiT bune- Tavdapirvelad Camoayaliba mxolod mcire qristianuli
briv movlenad unda miviCnioT, vinaidan saqarTvelos – Temi, romelic jer kidev ver gansazRvravda qveynis kul-
samxreT kavkasiis qveyanas uZvelesi mWidro kulturuli turulsa da inteleqtualur cxovrebas, magram, uTuod,
da savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobebi hqonda rogorc amzadebda didi cvlilebis niadags. axali moZRvrebis
antikur saberZneTTan, aseve mcire da axlo aRmosav- SeTviseba axali codnis safuZvelic unda gamxdariyo.
leTis qveynebTan. am urTierTobaTa safuZvelze, garda Zlier warmarTul miTologiur zepir mexsierebas unda
materialuri kulturis nimuSebisa, CvenSi Semodioda am dapirispireboda wignieri, werilobiTi tradicia. albaT,
kulturuli sivrcisTvis damaxasiaTebeli codna da ga- amitomac iyo, rom adreulma qristianobam swored weri-
mocdileba. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imasac, rom zogadad lobiT daafiqsira ieso qristes gankacebisa da amqveyn-
damwerlobaTa ganviTarebis istoriaSi xmelTaSuazRvis iur cxovrebasTan dakavSirebuli yvela istoria, yvela
auzis qveynebs gansakuTrebuli roli ekisrebaT, gasak- qristianul TemSi daculi Txroba, romelTagan zogierTi
viric ar iqneba, rom maTTan mWidrod dakavSirebul bibliis kanonikur kodeqsSi Sevida da zogi ki gaformda
saqarTvelosac adreve mieRo da gaeTvaliswinebina es rogorc bibliuri wignebis paralelurad arsebuli e. w.
gamocdileba, gamoeyenebina ukve arsebuli anbanuri sis- apokrifuli literatura, romelmac kargad asaxa pirvel
temebi. rogorc arqeologiuri masalidan Cans, Zv. w. III qristianTa religiuri warmodgenebi da amitomac dRes
– ax. w. III saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi berZnuli da ar- qristianobis istoriis kvlevaSi mas mniSvnelovani ad-
ameuli damwerlobebi paralelurad gamoiyeneboda; amis gili ukavia. bunebrivia, saqarTveloSi Camoyalibebuli
8 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 9

pirveli qristianuli Temic Seqmnida imgvar apokriful ukavSirdeba sityva `nusxas~, romelic qarTveli mwerli-
Txrobas, romelSic aisaxeboda qarTvelobis, rogorc sa da leqsikografis, sulxan-saba orbelianis, ganmarte-
erT-erTi adregaqristianebuli eris, sarwmunoebrivi biT, `Cqarad aRwerils~ niSnavs. da marTlac, Tu Tvals
da kulturuli identuroba axal msoflmxedvelobriv gavadevnebT X-XI ss-is mTavruliT gadaweril qarTul
samyarosTan. da marTlac, gadmocema jvarcmuli ieso xelnawerebs, SevniSnavT, Tu rogor yalibdeba calkeuli
qristes kvarTis saqarTveloSi Camotanisa da dacvis swrafad moxazuli asodan misi kuTxovani grafika.
Sesaxeb migviTiTebs swored pirveli qristianuli Temis xelnaweri tradiciis mixedviT, X-XI saukunidan ki am
istoriaze. es zepiri gadmocema qarTvelebma sakuTari ori anbanis paralelurad viTardeba mxedruli anu Ta-
moqcevisa da saxelmwifoebrivi istoriis qvakuTxedad namedrove qarTuli anbani. saxelwodeba mxedruli da-
miiCnies. werilobam imis safuZvelze miiRo, rom igi upiratesad
saerTod unda iTqvas, rom qristianobam didi roli gamoiyeneboda saero Sinaarsis ZeglebSi, maSasadame, ukve
Seasrula qarTvelTa istoriaSi. igi iqca maTi kultu
ruli da inteleqtualuri cxovrebis, erTiani saxelmwi-
foebrivi azrovnebis sayrdenad. sveticxoveli
ieso qristes kvarTis gansasvenebeli; saqarTvelos mTavari
salocavi; sapatriarqo taZari; pirveli eklesia aigo IV s-Si
qarTuli anbani. 326 wels saqarTvelom aRiara
qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblis, wm. ninos rCeviT; V s-is
qristianoba, rogorc saxelmwifo religia. mas Semdgom
II naxevarSi pirveli eklesiis dangrevis Semdgom mefe
qarTulma kulturam uari Tqva misTvis ukve kargad cno vaxtang gorgasalma aago bazilika; 1010-1033 ww-Si kaTalikos
bili anbanuri sistemebis gamoyenebaze da Tavad Seqmna melqisedekis iniciativiT aigo jvargumbaTovani taZari.
sakuTari anbanuri damwerloba, romlis prototipadac
berZnuli anbani ivaraudeba.
qarTuli anbani erT-erTi srulyofili weriTi siste-
maa, vinaidan masSi grafikul simboloTa (asoTa) raode-
noba zustad Seesatyviseba qarTuli enis fonemuri er-
Teulebis (sametyvelo bgerebis) ricxvs. qarTulma anban-
ma, kerZod, misma grafikulma moxazulobam, ganviTarebis
sami safexuri ganvlo; mis uZveles saxeobas asoTmTavru-
li (igive mTavruli) anu mrgvlovani anbani warmoadgens.
am anbaniTaa Sesrulebuli V-IX saukunis epigrafikuli
da xelnaweri teqstebi.
X saukunidan mTavrulis paralelurad gvxvdeba ku-
Txovani anu nusxuri, igive xucuri daweriloba; nusxu-
riT gadaweril teqstebSi saTaurebi da sazedao asoebi
naweria mTavruliT, romelic erTgvar dekoratiul fun-
qciasac iTavsebda da gabmul teqstSi saaqcento monakve-
Tebis gamosayofad gamoiyeneboda. albaT, amitomac ewo-
da mrgvlovan anbans mTavruli. rac Seexaba saxelwodeba
nusxurs, romelic kuTxovani anbanisTvis ixmareba, igi

sasuliero xelnawerebi
saamSeneblo warwera
bolnisis sioni, 492/3-502 ww., samnaviani bazilikis tipis nage-
boba. samxreT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelo.
X saukuneSi ganviTarebulia qarTuli damwerlobis sami-

ve saxeoba. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom qarTuli anbanis es
sami grafikuli forma warmoiqmna weris teqnikis ganvi- qarTuli xelnaweri tradicia sasuliero wignebis
Tarebis safuZvelze da ar warmoadgens qarTuli anbanis TargmniTa da gadaweriT iwyeba. igi fexdafex misde-
sistemuri cvlis Sedegs. vs qarTvelTa mier qristianuli kulturis SeTvisebis,
da bolos, Tu erTxel kidev gavixsenebT uZveles, axali codnis miRebisa da gamyarebis process. wignierma
V-VI ss-is mTavruliT Sesrulebul qarTul werilobiT qristianobam saqarTveloSi moitana rogorc samyaros
Zeglebs, naTeli gaxdeba qarTuli damwerlobis warmoSo- axaleburi xedva, miswrafeba misi sulieri wvdomisken,
aseve yoveldRiuri cxovrebis, materialuri yofis ra-
bis mTavari safuZveli. epigrafikuli Zeglebis parale-
dikaluri cvlilebebi; man bunebrivad gamoiwvia eris
RvTismSoblis miZinebis lurad arsebuli V-VIII ss-is palimfsesturi furclebi,
SemoqmedebiTi SesaZleblobebis gafarToveba.
taZris freskuli fragmenti. romlebzec dasturdeba rogorc bibliuri, aseve apokri-
qarTuli werilobiTi kulturis ganviTarebis ini-
uSguli. fuli da agiografiuli teqstebi, aSkarad migvaniSneben,
ciativa eklesiis wiaRidan iRebs saTaves. Tavisi arse-
rom qarTuli damwerloba imTaviTve Camoyalibda ara
bobis dasawyisSi ki qarTul eklesias metad rTuli wi-
rogorc sakancelario, aramed rogorc samwignobro an-
naaRmdegobis gadalaxvam mouwia, erTi mxriv, jer kidev
bani. uZvelesi qarTuli palimfsestebis, romlebic dRes SemorCenil warmarTul mexsierebasa da, meore mxriv,
daculia rogorc saqarTveloSi, xelnawerTa erovnul mazdeanur ideologiasTan dapirispirebaSi, romelic
centrsa (4000-mde furceli) da mestiis mxareTmcod- sparseTis politikuri zewolis Sedegad ikidebda fexs.
neobis muzeumSi, aseve oqsfordSi, kembrijSi, venis na- am winaaRmdegobaTa daZlevis erT-erT yvelaze Zlier
cionalur biblioTekaSi, asoTa grafikuli daxvewiloba, iaraRs ki swored werilobiTi kultura warmoadgenda.
naweri striqonebis proporciuli ganlagebisa da Sesru- amitomac Tavdapirvelad qarTuli xelnaweri tradi-
lebis manera, maTze daculi teqstebis repertuari sav- ciis yuradReba mimarTuli iyo iseTi literaturuli
sebiT araorazrovnad migviTiTebs, rom V-VI saukuneebSi Zeglebisken, romelTac safuZveli unda SeeqmnaT qris-
arsebobda ukve myari werilobiTi kultura. tianobis realuri istoriis Seswavlis, sarwmunoebrivi

dabadeba xanmeti oTxTavi
Zveli aRTqmis wignTa erT-erTi pirveli qarTuli Targmani. saxarebis uZvelesi xanmeturi redaqcia, daculia palimfsestis qveda fenaze.
Sesrulebulia xanmeturi – V-VI ss-is enobrivi normiT. warmoadgens teqsti dayofilia muxlebad; axlavs gankveTilobis niSnebi: wertili, ori
bibliis teqstis uZveles redaqcias. palimfsesti sxvadasxva drois wertili. zeda fenaze ikiTxeba iovane oqropiris `maTes Tavis Targmaneba~.
teqstebis nakrebia. zeda fenaze daculia fsalmuni.
VI-VII, XI ss.
V-VI, XIII-XIV ss. etrati, 439 f., zoma: 2,5×27,5 sm.
etrati, 99 f., gadakecili furclis zoma: 15,2×11,5 sm. A 89
H 999
moralis Semecnebisa da saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro pra- dan fsalmunma, dabadebam da winaswarmetyvelTa (iere-

qtikis, anu liturgiis ganviTarebisaTvis. mia, esaia, ezra) wignebma. maT paralelurad iTargmna
qristianobis gavrcelebisa da qarTuli xelnaweri da gadaiwera zogierTi adreuli apokrifi. mazdianur
tradiciis dasawyisSi qarTuli liturgia samrevlo- iranTan mwvave dapirispirebis pirobebSi ganviTarda
kaTedraluri xasiaTisa iyo da, Sesabamisad, saRvTis- originaluri agiografiuli mwerloba, gaCnda amave Jan-
msaxuro praqtika, upirvelesad, mowodebuli iyo mre- ris pirveli qarTuli Targmanebi. 476-482 wlebiT daTa-
vlis ganaTlebisa da RvTismsaxurebaSi misi wignieri riRebuli originaluri Txzulebis, `SuSanikis wamebis~,
CarTvisaken. amitomac qarTuli eklesiis wiaRSi moRva- Tanaxmad, V s-is 70-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi ukve ar-
we xelnawerTa Semqmnelebis gansakuTrebuli yuradReba sebobda saxarebis, pavles epistoleebis, fsalmunisa da
miipyro bibliam, upirvelesad, axali aRTqmis wignebi- wminda mowameTa, anu agiografiuli wignebi.
dan – saxarebam da samociqulom, xilo Zveli aRTqmi-

saxareba erT-erTi pirveli bibliuri wignia, rome-
lic qarTvelebma qristianobis miRebisTanave Targmnes.
misi uZvelesi Targmanebi gvxvdeba V-VII ss-iT daTari-
Rebul palimfsestur fulrcelbze. es pirveli teqs-
tebi gadawerilia mTavruli anbaniT, maTSi dasturdeba
aRniSnuli epoqis enobrivi Tavisebureba – zmnis su-
bieqturi da obieqturi pirebisa da xarisxis forme-
bis `xan~ prefiqsiT warmoeba. Aamitomac aseT teqstebs
xanmet redaqciebs uwodeben. palimfsestur furclebze
gadawerili oTxTavebi jer kidev ar aris gaformebu-
li sazedao asoebiTa da sxva ornamentuli elemente-
biT. amgvar wignebSi xanmeti dekoris funqcias muxlis
dasawyisSi gamoyenebuli monumentuli sazedao asoebi
asrulebs. saxrebebis mxatvruli elementebiT Semkoba
mogvianebiT X-XI ss-dan daiwyo.
calkeuli Zeglebis Targmnis paralelurad Sedga
saRvTismsaxuro-liturgikuli daniSnulenis krebulebi:
leqcionari – samrevlo da samonastro msaxurebaSi
sxvadasxva dResaswaulisTvis dadgenili wesgangeba, ro-
melic moicavs Zveli da axali aRTqmis teqstebs. unda
aRiniSnos, rom am saxis krebulis uZvelesi VII saukunis
nimuSi, romelic Tavis droze sinas mTis wm. ekaterines
monastris wignsacavis sakuTreba iyo, amjerad danawe-
vrebuli saxiT inaxeba gracis universitetSi (avstria,
27 fueceli), birmingemsa (britaneTi, 2 furceli) da
safrangeTis nacionalur biblioTekaSi (parizi, 1 fur-
celi). es aris erTaderTi adreuli xelnaweri, romlis
ierusalimuri leqcionari
furclebic xelaxla ar gamouyenebiaT sawer masalad.
daculia palimfsestis qveda fenaze; asaxavs RvTismsaxurebis adreul, ierusalimur wess.
leqcionarma, rogorc liturgikulma krebulma, aqtiu- Sesrulebulia VIII s-is enobrivi – haemeturi normiT. am wignis berZnuli pirvelwyaro
ri pozicia X s-is dasasrulamde SeinarCuna, Tumca ki dakargulia. xelnawerma fragmentulad moaRwia. misi meore, Semavsebeli nawili daculia
SemorCenilia XI s-iT daTariRebuli erTi wignis frag- sxava (Q 333) xelnawerSi. zeda fenaze warmodgenilia gviandeli saRvTismsaxuro krebuli –
mentic. paraklitoni.
iadgari – mTeli wlis saRvTismsaxuro teqstebi,
VIII, XIII-XIV ss.
fsalmunisa da bibliis sxva wignebidan Sesabamisi saki- etrati, 51 f., zoma: 16×12,5 sm.
Txavis erTobliobiT. iadgarebi arsebobas inarCunebs H 1329
X s-is dasasrulamde. Semdgom epoqaSi isini saTaves
udeben sxvadasxva Sinaarsis saRvTismsaxuro krebule-
bs: Tvenebi, marxvani, paraklitonebi da a.S. iadgarebis
uZvelesi nimuSebi daculia sinis mTis wm. ekaterines
monastris wignsacavSi.

leqcionari
leqcionaris erT-erTi gviandeli nusxa,
gadawerili imgvar samonastro centrSi,
romelic XI saukuneSic inarCunebda
tradiciuli saRvTismsaxuro
wignebisadmi interess. Sesrulebulia
mTavruliTa da nusxuriT, muqi
yavisferi melniT, saTaurebi
gamoyofilia singuriT. moixsenieba
XI saukunis cnobili feodali liparit
baRvaSi.
1049 w.
etrati, 43 f., zoma: 30,5×22,8 sm.
gadamweri miqael inCuxi
Q 1376

tbeTis (svanuri) mravalTavi
samonastro daniSnulebis
krebuli. Seicavs
homiletikuri, agiografiuli,
egzegetikuri da apokrifuli
74 Txzulebis adreuli,
palestinuri teqstebis
Targmanebs. Mmomgeblebi
arian mamfali mtbevari
iovane da mama Teodore.
xelnaweris ZiriTadi nawili
Sesrulebulia mrgvlovaniT,
nusxuriT gadawerilia
1 Tavi. teqstis samkaulad
gamoyenebulia teqstis
melniTa da singuriT
Sesrulebuli sazedao asoebi;
calkeuli gverdebis aSiebze
mixatulia sxvadasxva figura.
X s.
etrati, 242 f., zoma: 38,5×30 sm.
Mmomgeblebi: mamfali mtbevari
iovane da mama Teodore.
gadaweris adgili: tao-
klarjeTi
A 19
parxlis mravalTavi.
mravalTavi – RvTismsaxurebis damxmare krebuli.
krebulis saxelwodebac warmodgeba xelnaweris damzadebis adgilis mixedviT. igi
aerTianebs saeklesio kalendarze gawyobil wm. mamaTa
qarTul xelnawer wignTa Soris gamorCeulia Tavisi sididiT. Sesrulebulia maRali
qadagebebs, agiografiul Txzulebebsa da apokrifebs.
xarisxis etratze, teqsti naweria lamazi, mkafio nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT. samkauli
bizantiur mwerlobaSi mravalTavis analogs warmoad- teqsts TiTqmis ara aqvs, sazedao asoebis umetesoba naweria yavisferi melniT,
gens panegirikoni. mravalTavebi adreuli krebulebia. singuriT – sakmaod cota. Seicavs naTargmn da originalur Txzulebebs. Aam xelnaweriT
maTi Sedgena ukavSirdeba calkeuli sauflo dResaswau- moaRwia Cvenamde `SuSanikis wamebisa~ da àbos wamebis~ teqstebma.
lis Camoyalibebis periods, razec mianiSnebs xelnawe-
X s.
ris aSiaze dResaswaulTa sagangebo aqcentirebisaTvis
etrati, 658 f., zoma: 45,5×33,5 sm.
darTuli miTiTebi. dRemde cnobilia IX-XI saukunis Ggadamweri: gabriel patarai
rogorc klarjul-palestinuri, aseve aTonuri warmo- gadaweris adgili: parxlis monasteri
mavlobis qarTuli mravalTavebi. A 95

red monastrebi warmoadgendnen mTavar skriptoriume-
bs, romelTa saqmianoba Tanamedrove qristianul samya-
rosTan mWidro kulturul-sarwmunoebrivi kontaqtebis
safuZvelze viTardeboda. qarTuli saxelmwifoca da,
bunebrivia, werilobiTi kulturac mudam gaxsnili iyo
mravalerovani qristianuli sivrcis inteleqtualuri
da kulturuli gamocdilebis misaRebad. amgvari kon-
taqtebi ki qarTul eklesias hqonda rogorc sakuTriv
saqarTveloSi Camosuli moRvaweebis, aseve uSualod
qarTveli ber-monazvnebis qristianobis wiaRTan – si-
ria, palestinasTan – mWidro urTierTobis wyalobiT,
rasac jer kidev V-VI ss-Si Caeyara safuZveli, rodesac
qarTvelma moweseebma mimarTes rogorc palestiniaSi
arsebul sabawmidis lavras, aseve Crd. siriaSi, antio-
qiis maxloblad mdebare svimeon mesvetis monasters.
gasakviri arc isaa, rom VI saukuneSi saqarTveloSi Sua
mdinareTidan Semovidnen da damkvidrdnen asureli ma-
fsalmuni mebi (qarTuli tradicia maT camet asurel mamad moi-
cnobilia `mcxeTis daviTnis~ saxeliT. savaraudod, warmoadgens fsalmunis adreul, aleqsandriul xseniebs), romelTa gamocdilebam sagrZnoblad Seuwyo
redaqcias. gadawerilia asomTavruliT; ZiriTadi teqstis garda, wignSi Setanilia fsalmunTan xeli samonastro cxovrebis organizaciasa da xelnawe-
dakavSirebuli sxva Txzulebebi. xelnawers boloSi dekoris funqciiT darTuli aqvs savaraudod
ri tradiciis ganviTarebas saqarTveloSi, gansakuTre-
stilizebuli albanuri anbani (246r-v).
biT ki mis aRmosavleT regionebSi, sadac qarTuli xe-
X, XI ss. lnaweri tradicia, rogorc aRvniSneT, jer mazdeanuri
etrati, 261 f., zoma: 19,8×15,3 sm.
A 38
mravalTavebSi gaerTianebuli Txzulebebi ume-

tes SemTxvevaSi dReisaTvis daculia mxolod qarTul
Targmanebis saxiT. isini warmoadgenen adreqristianul
teqstebs, romelTac sagangebo mniSvneloba eniWebaT
qristianuli mwerlobis istoriis kvlevaSi. mravalTavi
arsebobas inarCunebs X-XI saukeneTa mijnamde. Semdeg
igi gardaiqmneba Sereuli saxis krebulad, romelsac ar
axlavs miTiTeba saeklesio kalendarze da warmoadgens
ara saRvTismsaxuro praqtikisaTvis gankuTvnil, aramed
samrevlo-samonastro ganaTlebisaTvis gankuTvnil saki-
Txav wigns.
qarTuli eklesiis wiaRSi Casaxuli xelnaweri tra- Sio MmRvimeli, asureli mama
diciis ganviTareba, ra Tqma unda, mWidrod daukavSirda XVIII s-is miniatiura
CvenSi samonastro cxovrebis organizaciis faqts. swo- S 3269

daviT garejeli saeklesio-samonastro centrebSi. iq moRvawe qarTvel-
XVIII s-is miniatiura ma berma ioane-zosimem Seadgina umniSvnelovanesi en-
S 3269 ciklopediuri xasiaTis liturgikuli krebuli Sin. geo.
O. 34 da Targmna erT-erTi uZvelesi astrologiuri
traqtati – ezra winaswarmetyvelis `kalanda¡~. swored
iovane-zosimes mier Seqmnil xelnawerSi vxvdebiT erov-
nuli msoflmxedvelobis erT-erT qvakuTxedad cnobil
Txzulebas `qaba¡ da dideba¡ qarTulisa enisa¡~. dRes es
Wil-etratis iadgari
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs, upirvelesad, saweri
masalis TvalsazrisiT, vinaidan masSi erTdrouladaa
gamoyenebuli Wilisa (papirusis) da etratis furclebi.
teqsti asaxavs VII-VIII saukuneebis ierusalimur praqtikas; misi
berZnuli modeli dRes dakargulia. gadawerilia A kuTxovani
mrglovaniT, axlavs marginaluri niSnebi. erT-erT minawerSi
moixsenieba iovane, savaraudod, gadamweri.
X s.
etrati, papurusi, 313 f., zoma: 11,2×10 sm.
gadamweri: iovane
gadaweris adgili: sabawmidis monasteri
H 2123
iranisa da Semdgom ki muslim arabTa mZime zewolis pi-

robebSi viTardeboda.
aRniSnuli periodis qarTuli werilobiTi kultu-
ris ganviTarebaSi sagangebo roli daekisraT palesti-
nis kerebSi, gansakuTrebiT ki sabawmidis monasterSi,
moRvawe qarTvel ber-monazvnobas, romelic iq inten-
siur samwignobro saqmianobas eweoda X-is 70-80-ian wle-
bamde.
sabawmiduri qarTuli xelnawerebi TviT am lavris
samwignobro tradiciis saukeTeso sabuTs warmoadgenen.
swored aq Seiqmna oTxTavis, samonastro wesgangebis,
anu tipikonisa da saRvTismsaxuro krebulebis sabaw-
miduri redaqciebi, romlebic gavrcelda saqarTvelos

xelnawerebi inaxeba sinis mTis wm. ekaterines monastris
sacavSi, vinaidan X s-is dasasrulidan, sabawmidaze mus-
lim arabTa momZlavrebis Semdgom, qarTulma koloniam
sinis mTaze gadainacvla da iq gaagrZela moRvaweoba.
wm. ekaterines monastris sacavSi 239 qarTuli xelna-
weri da fragmenti inaxeba. es erT-erTi uZvelesi da
umdidresi koleqciaa.
unda aRiniSnos isic, rom klarjuli da sinur-pales-
tinuri qarTuli xelnawerebi kargad asaxaven adreuli
xanis qristianul mwerlobasa da zogadad werilobiT
kulturaSi ara mxolod berZnuli, aramed qristianu-
li arabuli da siriuli kulturebis did rols. am pe-
riodis mwerloba Tavisufalia romelime konkretuli
centris diqtatisagan. igi Tanabrad iRebs da areklavs
qristianul arealSi gaerTianebuli tradiciuli kul-
turebis mxatvruli da simbolur-alegoriuli azrovne-
bis umniSvnelovanes tendenciebs.
VIII-X saukuneebSi garda sabawmidis lavrisa, qarTve-
lebi palestinaSi moRvaweoben xaritonis lavraSi, imave
palavraSi.
VIII s-dan saqarTvelos politikurma da kulturul
ma centrma qveynis samxreT-dasavleTiT, istoriul
tao-klarjeTSi, gadainacvla. am periodidan qarTu-
li werilobiTi tradiciis udides kerad iqca swored
tao-klarjeTis samonastro centrebi, romelTac mWi-
dro kavSiri hqondaT sabawmidis lavrasTan. tao-klar-
jeTis samonastro kolonizaciis sulisCamdgmeli mama
ìovane oqropiris cxovreba~
grigoli xancTis monastris wesgangebis Sedgenisas sa-
giorgi aleqsandrieliseuli teqstis qarTuli Targmani,
bawmidur tipikonsac iTvaliswinebda. xelnaweri wignis
Sesrulebuli palestinaSi tao-klarjeTidan wasuli moRvaweebis mier.
repertuari gafarTovda. man moicva sasuliero mwer-
ganekuTvneba sagangebod gadaweril wigns. naweria kaligrafiuli
lobis yvela dargi. Tu adreuli xanis qarTul xelna- nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT, saTauri – mTavruliTa da singuriT.
werebSi vxvdebiT Zveli aRTqmis calkeul wignebs, swo- rveulebrivi saTvalavisTvis gamoyenebuli qarTuli da berZnuli
red tao-klarjeTis erT-erT lavraSi, oSkSi, gadaiwera asoebi Savi da wiTeli melniTaa dekorirebuli. teqsts uZRvis ioane
moses xuTwigneulis qarTuli redaqciis sruli teqsti. oqropiris miniatiura.
himnografiul da agiografiul krebulebSi Targmnili

968 w.
Zeglebis paralelurad Tavi moiyara originalurma qar- etrati, 257 f., zoma: 15×12 sm.
Tulma mwerlobam. TandaTanobiT Sedga Sereuli tipis, gadamweri iovane safareli; momgebeli miqael fanaskerTeli
SemecnebiT-saganmanaTleblo xasiaTis krebulebi. Ca- gadaweris adgili xaritonis lavra
H 2124
moyalibda rogorc xelnaweris mxatvrul-dekoratiuli
gaformebis, aseve marginaluri da liturgikuli daniS-

nulebis niSanTa sistemebi. qarTuli xelnaweri wignis drnic rwmenis WeSmaritebiT utoldebian berZnebs; isini
iluminirebuli, anu moxatuli egzemplarebis arseboba Tanasworni arian, rogorc marTa da mariami. X sauku-
ganapiroba wignis Seqmnis materialuri, anu finansuri neSi, rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, iqmneba qarTuli enis
SesaZleblobebis zrdam. swored tao-klarjeTSi Caeya- saxotbo nawarmoebi `qeba¡ da dideba¡ qarTulisa enisa¡~,
ra safuZveli samefo dinastiisa da didi feodaluri xolo X s-is 70-ian wlebSi xelnawer tradiciaSi ukve
saxlebis mzrunvelobas.
mwognobarTa materialuri uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi.
grigol xanZTelisaTvis didaznaur gabriel dafanCu-
lis mier naTqvami sityvebi - àw Cuen Tana ars £orcie- Satberdis krebuli
li keTili da Tquen Tana ars sulieri keTili, da ese
sasuliero mwerlobis mniSvnelovan TzxulebaTa Semcveli saganmanaTleblo funqciis
SevzavneT urTierTas~ – Tavisi gamovlineba ara marto pirveli Sereuli krebuli, romelSic Sesulia qarTvelTa gaqristianebis istoria
saeklesio-samonastro mSeneblobis, aramed wignis Seqm- `moqceva¡ qarTlisa¡~. naweria mTavruliTa da nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT, saTaurebi –
nis saqmeSic pova. IX-X ss-dan qarTuli xelnaweri wignis singuriT. ar axlavs samkaulebi. teqstis dasawyisis mimaniSnebeli ramdenime striqonis
xelovnebam ganviTarebis aRmavali gziT iwyo svla. bi- an zogjer naxevari gverdis gaswvriv CamogrZelebuli aso `qanis~ anu qanwilisa da
zantiur sivrceSi arsebuli mxatvruli motivebis aTvi- varskvlavis formis niSnebi.
sebisa da gadamuSavebis Sedegad daixvewa. X s.

teqstis sazedao dekorirebuli; gansakuTrebuli etrati, 286 f., zoma: 28×22 sm.
yuradReba daeTmo oTxTavebis moxatulobas. Seiqmna gadamwerebi: iovane-bera¡, ori anonimi
gadaweris adgili: Satberdi
feradovani, mravalfiguriani kompoziciis mdidruli
S 1141
miniatiurebiT Semkuli sagangebo – `sazeimo~ wignebi,
xolo samonastro daniSnulebis egzemplarebi Seimko
grigol xancTeli
dekorirebuli ornamentuli sawinamZRvre jvrebiT.
qarTuli eklesiis cnobili mama amave dros, aq, am wiaRSi safuZveli Caeyara qarTuli
tao-klarjeTis samonastro saeklesio-samonastro tradiciis konstantinepoluri
mSeneblobis iniciatori
wesisken orientacias. es procesi, ra Tqma unda, TviT
XVIII s-is miniatiura
S 3269
qarTuli saxelmwofos politikuri orientaciis Tanmde-
vi movlena iyo. VIII saukuneSi saqarTvelos samxreT-
dasavleTiT Camoyalibebulma tao-klarjeTis samefom
X s-is 80-ian wlebSi samefo-samTavroTa gaerTianebis
gziT safuZveli Cauyara erTian qarTul saxelmwifos.
saxelmwifoebriv erTianobas eklesiuri erTobis ganmt-
kicebac mohyva. xalifatis orsaukunovanma dapyrobiTma
politikam da muslimuri ideologiis Zlierma zewolam
gamokveTa qarTuli werilobiTi kulturis erovnuli
tendenciebi, gaRviveba daiwyo mesianisturma ideam.
VIII saukunis agiografiuli Txzulebis, àbos wamebis~,
avtori ioane sabanisZe qadagebs qarTlis, rogorc mus-
limuri samyarosagan qristianobis damcavi jebirisa da
wminda mowameTa mSobeli qveynis Sesaxeb, romlis mkvi-

miqael modrekilis iadgari
X s. sagangeboda Sedgenili adrebizantiuri xanis
himnografiuli krebuli, romelmac Semoinaxa X saukuneSi
qarTul enaze arsebuli yvela sagalobeli, rogorc
originaluri, aseve Targmnili. teqstSi, striqonebis zemoT da
qvemoT singuriT miwerilia Zveli sanoto niSnebi – nevmebi,
rac musikis istoriisTvis mniSvnelovani movlenaa. xelnaweri
gadawerilia klasikuri nusxuriT, sityvaTa Semoklebis,
anu daqaragmebis tradiciuli wesis gareSe, Savi melniTa
da singuriT; gaformebulia feradi sazedao asoebiTa da
sworxazovani ornamentirebuli TavsamkaulebiT.
978-988 ww.
etrati, 727 f., zoma: 26×21 sm.
gadamwerebi: miqael modrekili da ori anonimi
S 425
Cndeba qarTvelTa gaqristianebis qronika: `moqceva¡ qa-

rTlisa¡~. paralelurad savsebiT naTeli xdeba Zlieri
qristiani mokavSiris arsebobis aucilebloba. aseTi
mokavSire ki bizantiis imperia iyo, romelmac, Tavis
mxriv, miaRwia aRmavlobasa da hegemonias aRmosavleTis
qristianul samyaroSi.
X s-is 80-iani wlebidan qarTuli kultura da mas-
Tan erTad xelnaweri tradiciac aRmavlobas ganicdis.
saRvTismsaxuro-samonastro daniSnulebis mwerlobis
paralelurad viTardeba sxvadasxva Janris rogorc
originaluri, aseve naTargmni literatura, kerZod,
sasuliero poezia, ganmartebiTi anu egzegetikuri Zeg
lebi, dgeba saeklesio samarTlis wignebi, yalibdeba
dogmaturi literaturis gamaerTianebeli krebuli –
dogmatikoni. XII s-dan saqarTveloSi Zlierdeba samwig-
nobro-saganmanaTleblo centrebi – gelaTisa da iyal-
Tos akademiebi; iqmneba maTTan arsebuli wignsacavebi,
romlebSic Tavs iyris sxvadasxva samonastro centrSi
gadawerili xelnawerebi; farTovdeba xelnaweri wignis
SemecnebiTi funqcia; dgeba Sereuli saxis krebulebi,
romlebSic sasuliero mwerlobis Zeglebis paralelu-

sZlispirni da RvTismSoblisani parxlis oTxTavi
himnografiuli krebuli, romelSic mkveTradaa aRniSnuli samonastro daniSnulebis wigni. ar aris ilustrirebuli.
sadeklamacio-liturgikuli niSnebi, Tanamedrove gadawerilia SatberdSi da Sewirulia iovane naTlismcemlis
TvalsazrisiT, sanoto sistemis adreuli eqvivalenti. saxelze axalaSenebuli parxlis monastrisaTvis. teqsti
xelnawerebSi dadasturebuli amgvari niSnebi miuTiTebs gadawerilia mTavruliT, yavisferi melniT; sazedao asoebi da
X s-is saeklesio musikis ganviTarebis myar sistemaze. Nnaweria saTaurebi – singuriT. xelnawers uxvad moepoveba minawerebi,
nusxuriT, dasawyisi asoebi, saTaurebi, ZlispirTa garkveuli romelTa meSveobiTac iqmneba misi Semdgomi gadanacvlebis
jgufis saxelwodebebi – singuriT. naTeli suraTi. XVIII saukuneSi xelnaweri ganaaxla da nakluli
adgilebi qaRaldze gadawerili teqstiT Seavso qarTlis
EX s. mefe vaxtang VI-is qaliSvilis, anuka batoniSvilis vaJma,
etrati, 229 f., zoma: 17,2×11,3 sm.
mTavardiakvanma, nikoloz abaSiZem.
gadamweri: iordane
A 603 973 w.
Eetrati, qaRaldi. 260 f. (238 f. etrati, 22 f. qaRaldi),
zoma: 22,9×19,9 sm.
gadamweri: iovane bera, aRmdgeneli – nikoloz abaSiZe
A 1453

jruWis I oTxTavi
wyarosTavis I oTxTavi
qarTuli oTxTavis uZvelesi redaqcia, erT-
taoklarjuli saliteraturo skolis erT-erTi
erTi pirveli klasikurad ilustrirebuli
gamorCeuli wigni. oTxTavis teqsti Zveli
xelnaweri. naweria mTavruliT, Savi melniT,
opizuri redaqciisaa. xelnaweri Semkulia
saTaurebi da sazedao asoebi singuriT.
kamariani kanonebiTa da miniatiurebiT,
maTesa da markozis saxarebaTa daboloebi,
romlebic Sesrulebulia e. w. xalxuri
romlebic miniatiurebian furclebze gadadis,
xelweriT. msgavs grafikul formas vxvdebiT
mxatvars daumTavrebia. am epoqis erTaderTi
svaneTSi dacul adreul xatebze. xelnaweris
xelnaweria, romelSic moxseniebulia mxatvari
gadamweria gabriel patara¡.
Tevdore kamaraTmwerali. xelnaweris
Semkulobas warmoadgens jvrebi, kamarebi, 8 X s-is miwuruli
kanoni da amdenive ilustracia. win uZRvis etrati, 216 f., zoma: 22×19 sm.
kvadrifoliumis moyvanilobis sawinamZRvre gadamweri: gabriel patara¡
jvari. TaRovan CarCoSi Casmuli RvTismSobeli dagaweris adgili: tao-klarjeTi
yrmiTurT, maxareblebisa da kurnebis scenebi. A 98
936-940 ww.
etrati, 297 f. zoma: 26×21 sm.
gadamweri gabrieli, momxatveli Tevdore,
momgebeli grigol mirdatis Ze
H 1660

rad gaerTianebulia astrologiuri Sinaarsis Txzule- metoqeobis gancdam ganawyo qarTuli wignieri sazoga-
bebi. werilobiTi kultura saxelmwifo zrunvis sagnad doeba dainteresebuliyo da safuZvlianad aeTvisebina
iqca. bizantiuri kultura. axla ukve mTavari yuradreba mii-
xelaxla iTargmneba da berZnul dedans uaxlovde- pyro imperiis centrSi arsebulma samonastro centre-
ba sasuliero mwerlobis adre Targmnili Txzulebebi. bma. swored IXs-dan daiwyes aq moRvaweoba qarTvelebma
am periodSi gansakuTrebiT gamoikveTa qarTuli sasu- jer berZnul, xolo Semdgom sakuTriv qarTul monas-
liero mwerlobis erovnuli Sinaarsi; gaCnda berZnul trebSi.
samyarosTan erTgvari metoqeobis tendenciac, rac ga- Tavdapirvelad qarTvelTa yuradreba miipyro ulu
napiroba konstantinepolis diqtatma qristianuli aR- mbos anu olimpis mTam, romelzec IX saukunis 60-ian
mosavleTisa da maT Soris saqarTvelos mimarT. swored wlebSi daemkvidra cnobili qarTveli moRvawe ilario-
gelaTis biblia
uwodeben katenebian
bibliasac, radganac teqsts
axlavs katenebi anu Bbibliuri
teqstisBganmartebani.
Sesrulebulia mxedrulze
gardamavali nusxuriT, baci
yavisferi melniT. sawer
masalad gamoyenebulia
maRali xarisxis aRmosavluri
qaRaldi. xelnaweri,
savaraudod, gadawerilia
gelaTis monasterSi,
romelSic XII s-Si gaaqtiurda
saRvTismetyvelo saqmianoba
da daarsda gelaTis akademia.
XII s.
qaRaldi, 302 f.
zoma: 37×27,6 sm.
A 1108

ni. man sxva monazvnebic miizida da safuZveli Cauyara
qarTvelTa kolonizacias. olimpze qarTvelebi moRva-
weobdnen ramdenime savaneSi: RvTismSoblis eklesiaSi–
`quabsa sayofelsa qarTvelTasa~, lavra kraniaSi, `sayo-
felsa wmidaTa kozman-damianesaTa~.
ilarin qarTvelis mowafeebma imperator basilis
winadadebiT 876 wels konstantinepolis maxloblad,
bosforis srutis evropuli sanapiros centrSi daaar-
ses romanas (hromanas) monasteri. saqarTvelos samefo
karis, kerZod, Tamar mefisa da Semdgom erekle II-is sa-
gangebo zrunvis sagans warmoadgenda kunZul kviprosze
arsebuli Jaliis imave Raliis qarTuli monasteri.
980-983 wlebSi daarsda qarTuli werilibiTi kul-
turis istoriaSi erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi samonas-
daviT IV aRmaSenebeli tro centri aTonis iverTa monasteri, romelSic Ca-
1089-1125 moyalibda gansakuTrebuli samwignobro-mTargmnelobi-
gelaTis freska Ti da kaligrafiuli skola. swored am skolam, misma
mesveurebma – eqvTime da giorgi aTonelebma da maT
irgvliv Sekrebilma mwignobar berTa jgufma – iovane
grZelisZem, arsen ninowmindelma, iovane xaxulelma da
sxvebma X-XI saukuneebSi warmarTes qarTuli sasuliero
Sereuli krebuli
mwerlobis farTo saganmanaTleblo-SemecnebiTi mimar-
pirveli TariRiani qaRaldze daculi xelnaweri wigni, romelic yuradRebas
Tuleba; maT Semoitanes da daamkvidres dasavluri-bi- ipyrobs Tavisi SedgenilobiT. saeklesio cxovrebisaTvis mniSvnelovani
zantiuri kulturis yvela mniSvnelovani monapovari da teqstebis paralelurad masSi CarTulia arabulidan Targmnili
amave dros SeinarCunes da ganaviTares qarTuli lite- astrologiuri Txzuleba, romelic ilustrirebulia. Lilustraciebi –
raturis erovnuli Sinaarsi. aTonelebis periodis qar- diskoSi Caxatuli mTvare fazebiTurT, varskvlavTa sidide-simciris
Tuli sasuliero xelnaweri gamoirCeva Janrobrivi mra- amsaxveli diagrama, zodiaqoTa gamosaxulebebi – darTulia teqstze ara
misi mxatvruli Semkobis mizniT, aramed astrologiuri codnisaTvis
valferovnebiT, saeklesio-samonastro cxovrebis axle-
saWiro TvalsaCinoebis Sesaqmnelad. zodiaqoebs ornamentis saxiT win uzis
buri reglamentaciiT, samecniero codnis damkvidrebis
mxatvruli gemovnebiT Sesrulebuli qufuri Srifti, xelnawerSi aseve
tendenciiT. ar darCenila sasuliero mwerlobis arc warmodgenilia jvarcmis kompozicia. wigni ekuTvnoda qarTlis mefe
erTi dargi, romelsac ar Sexeboda eqvTime da giorgi vaxtang VI-s.
aTonelebis xeli. maT saxelebs ukavSirdeba oTxTavis
1188-1210 ww.
axali, berZnulTan Sedarebis gziT Seqmnili redaqcie-
qaRaldi, 214 f., zoma: 23×30.5 sm.
bis Camoyalibeba, qarTuli eklesiis saRvTismsaxuro erTi nawilis gadamweri: esaia
cxovrebis ganaxlebis anu konstantinepolur wesze ga- A 65
dasvlis procesi. eqvTime aTonelis iniciativiT dgeba
enciklopediuri xasiaTis saganmanaTleblo krebulebi.
dRes aTonis ivironis wignsacavSi 86 qarTuli xelna-
weria daculi.

martvilis oTxTvi
martvilis oTxTavi, gadawerili WyondidSi (martvilSi). 1050 w.
damkveTi ivane farjaniani. xelnawers amkobs ornamentirebuli
gadamwerebi: ioane mesvete da arseni eSisZe.
sazedao asoebi da maTesa da markoz maxareblebis miniatiurebi.
gadaweris adgili: martvili
teqsti naweria yavisferi melniT, saTaurebi da mniSvnelovani
S 391
adgilebi – singuriT. hyavs ori gadamweri. mwared codvili
arseni eSisZe da ioane mesvete.

oTxTavi jruWis II oTxTavi
gadawerili kaligrafiuli mTavruliT, maRali xarisxis etratze, yavisferi melniT, cnobilia axali jruWis saxelwodebiT. XII-XIII ss-Si unda iyos rogorc mxatvruli stilis
sazedao asoebi singuriT. wigni Semkulia kamarebiT, feradovani sazedao asoebiTa da TaviseburebebiT, aseve miniatiurebis siuxviT qarTul ilustrirebul oTxTavTa Soris erT-erTi
TavsamkaulebiT. Bbolosamkaulad gamoyenebulia moxatuli jvari berZnuli warweriT. gamorCeuli wigni. 334 miniatiura da wignis dekoratiuli sistemis sxva elementebi originaluri
axlavs markozisa da lukas gamosaxulebebi. moxatuloba savaraudod Sesrulebulia qarTuli samxatvro tradiciis sawyisebze dgas. kompoziciebi warmodgenilia or an sam iarusad,
Savi mTis saliteraturo skolisTvis damaxasiaTebeli xelweriT. an darRveulia miniatiurebis CarCoTi SemosazRvruli sivrce da figurebi teqstSia SeWrili.
cnobilia xelnaweris momxatveli miqaeli, romelic imavdriulad wignis gadamweria.
1054 w.
Eetrati, 266 f. zoma: 14,59×11,4 sm. XII s.
Ggadamweri: miqaeli Eetrati, 278 f., zoma: 24,5×18,6 sm.
S 962 Ggadamweri da momxatveli: miqaeli
H-1667

jruWis II oTxTavi jruWis II oTxTavi

Mmaqsime aRmsarebeli, RvTismSoblis cxovreba `gamocxadeba wmidisa maxareblisa da RvTismetyvelisa iovanesi~,
RvTismSoblis cxovrebis amsaxveli yvelaze sruli Txzuleba, romlis berZnuli an sxvaenovani andria kesaria-kapadukielis Targmaneba¡
analogi cnobili ara aris. ukavSirdeba uZveles qristianul Zegls – iakobis pirvelsaxarebas. apokalipsis pirveli qarTuli Targmani. vinaidan axali aRTqmis es wigni yvelaze gvian Seitanes
MTxzuleba iTargmna aTonis mTis qarTul skriptoriumSi; mTargmnelia eqvTime MmTawmideli. saxarebaSi, qarTul tradiciaSi iTargmna X s-Si. Targmani Seasrula aTonis skolis damaarsebelma
gadawerilia etratze kaligrafiuli nusxuriT, saTaurebi da sazedao asoebi mTavruliT, eqvTime mTawmidelma. wigni imiTacaa saintereso, rom nusxuriT gadaweril xelnawerTa Soris
oqromelniT. Semkulia ornamentuli wnuliT, teqsts uZRvis lukasa da iovane maxareblebis igi yvelaze adreuli TariRiani krebulia. xelnaweris anderZSi daculia cnoba basili da
miniatiura. konstantine keisrebis winaaRmdeg barda skliarosis amboxebis Sesaxeb.
X-XI ss. 978 w.

eEtrati, 332 f., zoma: 16,5×11,4 sm. etrati, 210 f., zoma: 17,5×12,5 sm.
Ggadamweri: mowese benediqte gadamweri: saba kuti
gadaweris adgili: aTonis mTa gadaweris adgili: olimpi, lavra krania.
A 40 H 1346

mcire svinaqsari krebuli. 400 furcliani wignidan amJamad SemorCenilia
am krebulma safuZveli Cauyara qarTul eklesiaSi axali, 144 f. Semkulia 72 miniatiuriT, romlebzedac gamosaxulia
konstantinepoluri tipikonisa da kalendaruli sistemis SemoRebas, rogorc siuJetebi saxarebidan, aseve wmindanebi. wignis Seqmna
moZravi ciklis axali gegmisa da Sedgenilobis gansazRvras. mcire finansurad uzrunvelyo banas episkoposma zaqariam.
svinaqsarma warmoSva saRvTismsaxuro-himnografiuli krebulebis axali
1030 w.
saxeobebi – Tveni, marxvan-zatikni, paraklitoni. xelnaweri Sesrulebulia
etratze nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT, sazedao asoebi da saTaurebi –
gadaweris adgili: konstantinepoli, xoras monasteri
singuriT. is aris yvelaze farTod ilustrirebuli saRvTismsaxuro
A 648

vanis oTxTavi
wignis xelovnebis gamorCeuli
nimuSi gansakuTrebul
Rirebulebas iZens, vinaidan
igi Seiqmna mefe TamarisTvis
misive dakveTiT. gaformebis
xarisxiTa da SesrulebiT
erT-erTi upirvelesTagania
`sazeimo~ xelnawerebs Soris.
Ggadawerilia maRali xarisxis
TeTr etratze, nusxuriT,
uxvadaa gamoiyenebuli
oqromelani. Semkulia
mdidruli kamarebiT,
TavsamkulebiT, saxarebaTa
Tavebis dasawyisSi
warmodgenilia oriarusiani
miniatiurebi. xelnaweris
Seqmnis organizatori da
gadamweria konstantinepolis
romanas monasterSi moRvawe
iovane, momxatveli –
bizantieli miqael koreseli.
XII-XIII ss.
etrati, 274 f.,
zoma: 29,1×21 sm.
gadamweri: iovane
mxatvari: miqael koreseli
gadaweris adgili: romanas
monasteri
A 1335

didi svinaqsari
mcire sjulis kanoni
saeklesio kalendarze gawyobili es saRvTismsaxuro wigni aerTianebs msoflio da qarTuli
eqvTime aTonelis Targmani, es aris saeklesio samarTlis pirveli qarTuli
eklesiebis wmindanTa mokle cxovrebebsa da wamebebs. Mmisi meSveobiT vecnobiT sofiawmidis,
Targmani, Sesrulebuli avtokefaluri qarTuli eklesiis aRmavlobis periodSi.
stodielTa savanisa da aTonis iverTa monastris liturgikul praqtikas. Ddidi svinaqsari
aerTianebs sxvadasxva kanonikuri xelnaweri wignis masalas, maT Soris
1036 wels berZnulidan Targmna da qarTuli masaliT Seavso giorgiM mTawmidelma. es
qarTulsac. gadawerilia cnobili kaligrafis, basilis, mier. wignis Seqmnis
xelnaweri dafinansebuli da gadawerilia Sav mTaze XI s-Si moRvawe cnobili kaligrafebis,
iniciatoria banas episkoposi zaqaria.
daviT da iovane jibisZeebis, mier. naweria nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT, saTaurebi –
1031 w. asomTavruliTa da singuriT. Semkulia sworxazovani TavsamkaulebiTa da sazedao asoebiT.

etrati, 204 f., zoma: 19×15,5 sm.
X s.
gadamweri: basili
S 143
gadamwerebi da damfinansebelebi – iovane da daviT jibisZeebi
gadaweris adgili – Savi mTa, romanwminda
H 2211

sagangebo yuradRebas imsaxurebs antioqiis maxlo-
blad Sav mTaze arsebul qarTvelTa samonastro kolo-
nizacia, romelic XI s-is 30-iani wlebidan intensiurad
amoqmedda.
qarTvelebi moRvaweobdnen svimeonwmindis, kalipo-
sis, kastanas, barlaamwmindis, romanas, lerwmisxevis,
ezrasa da TualTas monastrebSi. qarTvelTa samwigno-
bro saqmianobas warmarTavdnen XI s-is cnobili mTarg-
mnel redaqtorebi: giorgi aToneli, giorgi Seyenebuli,
giorgi mcire, efrem mcire, kaligrafebi: ioane da miqa-
el dvalebi. qarTvel mwignobrebs metad mWidro konta-
qti hqondaT adgilobriv berZnul-asurul-arabul wre-
ebTan. isini sargeblobdnen Teodore patriarqis mier
svimeonwmidaSi daarsebuli mdidari biblioTekiT. swo-
red Savi mTis qarTul xelnawerebSi Camoyalibda teqs-
tebis Teologiuri da samecniero komentirebis princi-
pebi. amave xelnawerebSi konstantinepoluri tradiciis
paralelurad aisaxa uZvelesi siriuli kulturis kva-
lic.
amave periodSi bizantiis karTan daaxlovebulma
taoelma didebulma grigol bakurianisZem bulgareT-
Si daaarsa qarTvelTa monasteri petriwoni seminarii-
TurT. aq ioane petriwis TaosnobiT Camoyalibda umniS-
vnelovanesi filosofiur-Teologiuri skola.
XI saukunidan qarTvelTa yuradReba kvlav miipyro
palestinam, romelSic axali ZaliT ifeTqa qarTulma
samonastro-samwignobro saqmianobam. am saqmianobis sa-
TaveSi idga qarTvelTa jvris monasteri da misi dama-
arsebeli giorgi proxore, romelic zrunavda axali xe-
lnaweri krebulebis Sedgena–gamravlebaze; swored misi
TaosnobiT Sedga palestinis gamoCenil moRvaweTa `cxo-
vrebebis~ krebuli, romelic palestinis paterikis saxe-
liTaa cnobili. DdRes es krebuli londonSi britaneTis
muzeumSia daculi, Addit 1181; jvris wignsacavi swrafad
ivseboda saqarTveloSi moRvawe mwignobarTa monawile-
alaverdis oTxTavi
obiTac, amave dros iq gadawerili xelnawerebi igzav-
neboda sxva qarTul samonastro centrebSi. monasteri
qarTuli samefo karisa da feodaluri aristokratiis
sagangebo yuradRebas imsaxurebda; saqarTveloSi Sei-
qmna jvris metoqi anu Tanamdgomi saeklesio centrebi,

alaverdis oTxTavi

alaverdis oTxTavi gvxvdeba macxovris tiloze aRbeWdili xelTuqmneli xatis, anu
klasikuri xanis qarTuli xelnaweri wignis erT-erTi gamorCeuli mandilionis gamosaxuleba. Ees sagangebo wigni bagrat IV-isadmi
egzemplari. Seqmnilia Savi mTis kaliposis lavraSi. ganekuTvneba im morCilebis niSnad 1054 wels saqarTveloSi Camoitana liparit
iSviaT oTxTavTa ricxvs, romlebsac erTviT macxovris xelTuqmneli baRvaSis Zem ivanem.
xatis Txroba – àvgarozis epistole~. wigni gadawerilia maRali
1054 w.
xarisxis etratze nusxuriTa da mTavruliT XI s-is cnobili
kaligrafebis mier. Semkulia ornamentuli sazedao asoebiT,
gadamwerebi: giorgi da ioane dvali
sawinamZRvre jvriT da kanonebiT, furclovan oqroze Sesrulebuli
gadaweris adgili: Savi mTis kaliposis RvTismSoblis lavra
cxra miniatiuriT. es aris erTaderTi qarTuli xelnaweri, romelSic A 484

grigol RvTismetyvelis Txzulebani marginaluri niSnebiTa da mxatvruli kompoziciebiT. XVIII s-Si
filosofiur-Teologiuri krebuli. Seicavs 19 teqsts. qarTuli ekuTvnoda erekle II-is SviliSvils, daviT batoniSvils.
Targmani ekuTvnis efrem mcires. Ees aris komentirebuli
XII s.
xelnaweris erT-erTi saukeTeso ilustrirebuli egzemplari.
qaRaldi, 280 f., zoma: 42,5×31 sm.
gadawerilia qaRaldze, nusxuriT, yavisferi melaniT, saTaurebi da
gadamweri da gadaweris adgili ucnobia.
dasawyisebi – singuriT, Semkulia ornamentuli sazedao asoebiT,
A 109

grigol RvTismetyvelis Txzulebani grigol RvTismetyvelis Txzulebani

gelaTis oTxTavi

gelaTis oTxTavi
XII saukunis wignis xelovnebis unikaluri nimuSi, sazeimo oTxTavi; gadawerilia
sagangebod damuSavebul etratze nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT, singuriTa da
oqromelniT. gamoirCeva rogorc mxatvruli SesrulebiT, aseve SedgenilobiT.
saxarebis teqsts erTvis sadeklamacio-liturgukul niSanTa ganmartebebi
berZnul da qarTul enebze da àvgarozis epistole~. Semkulia svetovani
kamarebiT, 254 miniatiuriT, natifi oqromelniT Sesrulebuli sazedao asoebiT.
TiToeuli miniatiuris fonad furclovani oqroa gamoyenebuli. TiToeul Tavs
uZRvis maxareblebis portretebi. saxarebis oTxive Tavis saTauri Casmulia
xaliCiseburi ornamentiT Semkul CarCoSi. saxareba giorgi mTawmideliseuli
Targmanis Semcveli pirveli nimuSia.
XII s.
etrati, III, 293 f., zoma: 26×18,8 sm.
Q 908

wyarosTavis II saxareba biWvinTis oTxTavi
xelnaweri wigni gadawerilia Tamar mefis zeobis dros. naweria etratze klasikuri xelnaweri Seiqmna XII s-Si, dasavleT saqarTveloSi, mogvianebiT ganekuTvna
nusxuriT, yavisferi melniTa da singuriT. mis Semkulobas warmoadgens maxarebelTa biWvinTis RmrTismSoblis eklesias. Ggadawerilia etratze, nusxuriT. saxarebis
4 portreti. ioane safareli-mtbevari episkoposis dakveTiT wigni gadauweria or pirs. teqsti naweria yavisferi melniT, xolo asomTavruliT Sesrulebuli saTaurebi –
wignis ydis ostatia beqa opizari. oqromelniTa da singuriT. xelnawerSi SemorCenili wm. Mmaxareblebis – markozisa
da lukas– ori miniatiura. wignis moxatuloba metyvelebs qarTuli miniatiuruli
1195 w. mxatvrobis TviTmyofad xasiaTze.
gadamwerebi: ioane fukaralisZe, giorgi seTa¡sZe. XII s.
Q 907 Eetrati, 230 f., zoma: 31×23 sm.
Gadaweris adgili: dasavleTi saqarTvelo
H 2120

romlebic Ffinansurad uzrunvelyofdnen sazRvargareT
arsebul qarTul monasters. qarTvelebi moRvaweobd-
nen aseve golgoTa – uflis saflavi – aRdgomis, ka-
ppaTas, derTufas, dertavis dedaTa, geTsamaniis, Ra-
lias, basilis, Teodores, nikolozis, samoelis, Sehanis
monastrebSi.
dRes cnobilia ierusalimuri qarTuli koleqsiis
161 xelnaweri.
paralelurad qarTuli xelnaweri wigni iqmneba sa-
qarTveloSi arsebul eklesia-monastrebSi. samwignobro
saqmianobam moicva rogorc saqarTvelos didi samo-
nastro centrebi, aseve calkeuli eklesia-monastrebi.
Mmdidrulad moxatuli da SinaarsiT mravalferovani
wignis floba rogorc sasuliero, aseve saero wodebis
Rirsebad iqca.
XIII-XVI ss-is qarTuli xelnaweri mihyveba ganviTare-
bis tradiciul gzas, romlis dacvac am periodis weri-
lobiT kulturas iseve, rogorc qarTul saxelmwifos,
monRolebis, osmaleTisa da iranis politukuri zewo-
lis pirobebSi uwevs.
XVII-XVIII ss-idan gafarTovda qarTvelTa kulturu-
li urTierTobis wre. qarTulma werilobiTma kulturam
yuradReba mimarTa evropuli codnisa da gamocdilebi-
saken, rasac xels uwyobda am epoqis politikuri ur-
TierTobebi. erTi mxriv, kaTolike misionerebis gamoCe-
na saqarTveloSi da, meore mxriv, ruseTTan politiku-
ri kavSiris damyarebis mcdelobas bunebrivad mohyva am
oTxTavi
sivrceebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli samwignobro gamocdi-
ierusalimSi, geTsemaniis monasterSi (eklesiaSi) gadawerili samonastro
lebis Semosvla CvenSi. gadaiwera kaTolikuri Sinaarsis
daniSnulebis wigni. naweria etratze nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT, saTaurebi da
wignebi, rusulidan iTargmna sasuliero mwerlobisa da dasawyisebi – singuriT; xelnaweris bolo nawili palimfsestia. gadamweria mwiri
saeklesio istoriis laTinur samyaroSi gavrcelebuli miqaeli, warmoSobiT mcxeTeli, romelmac aRniSnuli samuSao Seasrula stefane
Zeglebi, daarsda pirveli stamba. qarTuli xelnaweri xucesis, palavrelis, SekveTiT.; wigns erTvis XII s-Si mxedruliT jvarosnebis –
wignis Sedgenisa da gaformebis tradiciam Tavdapir- tamplierTa ordenis wevrebis mosaxsenebeli warwerebi.
velad nabeWd wignSi gadainacvla. beWduri produqciis

1048 w.
momZlavrebam ki erTgvarad Seaviwrova qarTuli xelna- etrati; 243 f., zoma: 22×16,5 sm.
weris gavrcelebis areali, romelic piradi sakuTrebis gadamweri: miqaeli
mcire formis wignebiT SemoisazRvra. gadaweris adgili ierusalimi, geTsemania
H 1741
met-naklebi intensivobiT qarTulma xelnawerma
wignma XX s-is dasawyisamde SeinarCuna arseboba.

ioane sineli, klemaqsi arSiebze uamravi sqolioa, romelTa striqonebis ganlageba figurebs qmnis. wignis
`klemaqsis~ anu `saTnoebaTa kibis~ eqvTime mTawmideliseuli Targmani, gaformebaSi Tavs iCens xalxuri nakadi. teqsti dawerilia nusxurad, Savi da
gadawerili XII-XIII ss-Si ori kaligrafis mier: erTis vinaoba ucnobia, meorea yavisferi melniT, sazedao asoebi – teqstis melniT an singuriT.
nikra¡s. Mmisi naweri gamoirCeva teqstis sadeklamacio niSnebisa da mxatvruli
XII-XIII ss.
ornamentebis mravalferovnebiT: sityvebs Soris dasmulia gankveTilobis
niSnebi, mZimeebi, striqonebs zemoT da qvemoT – talRovani xazebi. sazedao
Ggadamwerebi: ucnobi da nikra¡
asoebi SeWrilia teqstSi, Semkulia foTlovani ornamentiT, zogSi adamianTa
H 1669
saxeebia Caxatuli, zogSi ki mTeli sityvaa Cawerili. teqstis farTo

oTxTavi varZiis oTxTavi
klasikuri periodidan gviandeli tradiciisaken gardamavali periodis xelnaweri wignis maRali xarisxis TeTr etratze Sesrulebuli xelnaweri wigni yuradRebas iqcevs mdidruli,
saintereso nimuSi. Ggadaweris konkretuli adgili ucnobia, magram wigni Seqmnilia natifi originaluri morTulobiTa da klasikuri kaligrafiuli nusxuriT, saTaurebi – singuriTa
saqarTveloSi erT-erTi feodaluri ojaxis – glonisTavisZeebis dakveTiT. wignis mxatvrul- da mTavruliT. sazedao asoebi da teqstis mniSvnelovani adgilebi naweria oqromelniTa da
dekoratiuli sistema Seqmnilia klasikuri xanis qarTuli wignis nimuSebis mibaZviT, Tumca feradebiT. maxareblebis gamosaxulebani teqstian furclebzea Sesrulebuli da mcire adgils
gansxvavebuli ferTa palitriT, konkretulad, mWaxe wiTeli saRebavis gamoyenebiT. ikavebs. miniatiurebi Semkulia originaluri ornamentebiT. varZiis oTxTavi sazeimo xasiaTis
xelnaweria, romelic savaraudod Tamar mefes ekuTvnoda. XVI saukunemde wigni varZiaSi inaxeboda,
XII-XIII ss. sparselebis mier varZiis Zarcvis Semdgom igi gamousyidia leon kaxTa mefis vaJs da kvlav
etrati, 316 f., zoma: 23,6×18 sm.
varZiisaTvis Seuwiravs. wigns hqonia vercxlis yda RvTismSoblis minanqriani xatiT, romelic
gadamweri: iakobi
SemouZarcvavT.
A 516
XII-XIII ss.
Q 899

oTxTavi oTxTavi
XIII s-Si gadawerili da moxatuli wigni. erT-erTi im mcirericxovan saxarebaTagani, XIII s-is erT-erTi saukeTeso kaligrafiuli nimuSia da Sesrulebuli unda iyos sagangebod
romelTac axlavs àvgarozis epistolis~ teqsti gvianbizantiuri xanis elinofiluri didgvarovani feodaluri wris warmomadenlisTvis. naweria nusxuriT, saTaurebi – wiTel
tradiciis Targmani, sadeklamacio-liturgikuli niSnebis TanxlebiTurT. oTxTavi fonze oqromelniT. oTxTavis Semkulobas warmoadgens ornamentuli morTulobis calkeuli
moxatulia. yoveli Tavis dasawyiss amSvenebs maxareblebis gamosaxulebani oqros elementebi, kamarebi, sazedao asoebi, oqromelniT Sesrulebuli miniatiurebi markozisa da lukas
fonze, romelTac sacavad gakeTebuli aqvs qsovilis safari. teqsti Semkulia gamosaxulebebiT, xarebis, Sobis, ierusalimSi Sesvlis kompoziciebiT.
saucxood gaformebuli TavsamkauliTa da sazedao asoebiT. Mmxatvari maTe (3r)
mtkiced inarCunebs individualuri, TviTmyofadi qarTuli wignis xelovnebisaTvis XIII s.
etrati, 268 f., 23,5×17,5 sm.
damaxasiaTebel erovnul tradiciebs. mogvianebiT wigni ganuaxlebia da cxaotis Tavis
gadamweri: nikoloz katarawisZe
RmrTismSoblisaTvis Seuwiravs qsnis erisTavis meuRles, rodams (3r).
A 26
XIII s.
etrati, 190 f., zoma: 25,5×20 sm.
A 496

moqvis oTxTavi
wigni warmoadgens qarTul
oTxTavTa Soris erT-erT bolo
ilustrirebul wigns, romelSic
gamovlenilia qristianuli xelovnebis
paleologosuri xanis (1261-1361 ww.)
bizantiuri xatwerisa da
winarenesansuli evropuli mxatvrobis
elementebi. sazeimo xasiaTis
es wigni gadawerilia dasavleT
saqarTveloSi – afxazeTSi, moqvis
monasterSi. misi damkveTia moqvis
eparqiis mTavarepiskoposi danieli.
gadamweri da mxatvari efremi. naweria
etratze mxsvili nusxuriT, yavisferi
melniT. warmodgenilia 10 kamara,
152 siuJeturi miniatiura, romelTa
Soris interess iwvevs Cviledi
RvTismSoblis winaSe vedrebis pozaSi
mdgomi moqveli mTavarepiskoposi
danieli. xelnawerSi ikiTxeba 531
sazedao aso.
1300 w.
etrati, 329 f., zoma: 30×23,5 sm.
gadamweri da momxatveli: efremi
damkveTi: moqvis eparqiis
mTavarepiskoposi danieli
gadaweris adgili: moqvi
Q 902
asli

ioane oqropiris Jamiswirva,
XIII-XIV ss. gragnili, Semdgari
sami erTmaneTze gadakerebuli
etratis furclis, anu
kefisagan. naweria nusxuriT,
yavisferi melniT. saTauri
feradi saRebavebiT, lamazad
moxatuli sazedao asoebi
mTavruliT. adgilebi
gacxovelebulia Savi melniT.
xelnaweris gadamweri yofila
gabrieli, romelsac nusxuriT
Seusrulebia teqsti. gragnili
naweria orive mxareze.
ioane oqropiris Jamiswirva,
anu kondaki daxveulia xis
joxze, anu kondakze. teqstis
dasawyisSi moTavsebulia ioane
oqropiris gamosaxuleba,
romelic Casmulia wnuli
ornamentiT Semkul CarCoSi.
XIII-XIV ss.
etrati, 3 kefi,
zomebi: 64,5×20,8 sm.; 74×20,8 sm.;
70,5×21,1 sm.
gadamweri: gabrieli
A 922.
kurTxevani
krebulSi gaerTianebulia sxvadasxva tipis locvebi, maT Soris bevria samkurnalo Sinaarsisa.
Zvel qarTul krebulTa Soris aRniSnuli wigni unda mivakuTvnoT e. w. gardamavali tipis
krebuls, romelic farTo sociumisaTvis moiazreba. gadamweri da gadaweris adgili ucnobia,
magram, savaraudod, Zalze Zveli dednis asls warmoadgens. teqstebi uaxlovdeba klarjul
Targmanebs. naweria aRmosavlur qaRaldze. teqsti dawerilia nusxuriT, saTaurebi da sazedao
asoebi – singuriT. xelnawerSi uxvadaa feradebiT Sesrulebuli Tavbolokazmulobebi,
adamianis, frinvelTa, cxovelTa da yvavilovan-mcenareuli gamosaxulebebi, mxatvrulad
gaformebuli sazedao asoebi da vardulebi.
XIV-XV ss.
F118 f., aqedan qaRaldi – 116 f., etrati – 2 f.; zoma: 24,5×20,5 sm.
A 1110

largvisis zatiki, XV s.
zatiki liturgikuli wignia da aRdgomis periodis sagaloblebs
niSnavs. naweria nusxuriT, saTaurebi singuriT. moxatulia
TavsamkauliT, sazedao asoebiTa da miniatiurebiT, romlebzec
gamosaxulia scenebi sauflo dResaswaulebidan.
EXV s.
etrati, f. 175, 25,6×20,2 sm.
gadamweri: barnaba, damkveTi: Salva erisTavi
A 25

fsalmuni
gadawerilia samcxeSi aTabagTa feodaluri saxlis Taosanis – yvaryvaresa da misi vaJis
– mzeWabuk II-is sagangebo dakveTiT. momcro zomis xelnaweri saojaxo biblioTekisTvisaa
Seqmnili. naweria etratze nusxuriT, sazedao asoebisaTvis gamoyenebulia asomTavruli,
gaformebulia oqromelniT. Mfsalmunebs win uZRvis feradebiT Sesrulebuli miniatiura daviT
winaswarmetyvelisa, romelic qnarze ukravs, xolo teqstis dasawyiss amkobs Tavsamkauli
originaluri ornamentiT.
A1494 w.
etrati, 168 f., zoma: 9,8×7,6 sm.
gadaweris adgili: samcxe, samxreTi saqarTvelo
A 351
fsalmuni
mdidrulad gaformebuli es xelnaweri wigni sagangebod maRali aristokratuli ojaxisaTvis
unda yofiliyo dakveTili. Seicavs giorgi mTawmideliseul redaqciis teqsts. uZRvis daviT
winaswarmetyvelis gamosaxuleba, darTuli aqvs teqstze adreuli maRalmxatvruli miniatiurebi.
suraTebi, romlebic ufro adreulia, vidre teqsti. gadamweris mxedrulad Sesrulebuli
anderZiT irkveva, rom xelnaweri daukveTavs zilixan batoniSvils.
XVII s.
qaRaldi, 236 f., zoma: 25×17,5 sm.
H 1665

fsalmuni XVI s.
wigni gadaiwera dasavleT saqarTveloSi, sof. RvaraSi TeTrosanis qaRaldi, 144 f., 23×17,5 sm.
gadamweri: germanozi
saxelwodebiT cnobil eklesiaSi qaixosro gurielisa da misi
gadaweris adgili: Rvaras TeTrosnis eklesia
dedis, dedofal aTabagis qal Tamaris dakveTiTa da finansuri
H 75
uzruvelyofiT. Ggadawerilia aRmosavlur qaRaldze nusxuriT.
Semkulia 55 teqstze adreuli miniatiuriT.

biblia samoTxis kari
wigni, romelsac `mcxeTur xelnawers~ uwodeben, bibliis yvelaze srulyofili qarTuli sulxan-saba orbelianis `samoTxis kari~ kiTxva-migebiT dawerili moZRvrebaa. igi avtograful
xelnaweria. Zegli naTlad metyvelebs XVII-XVIII ss. mijnaze qarTvelTa mniSvnelovan codnasa da nusxas warmoadgens da 1701 wliT TariRdeba. am xelnawerSi, romelic avtoris ubis wignaki unda
gamocdilebaze bibliologiisa Tu samecniero-filologiuri saqmianobis Sesaxeb. biblia naweria yofiliyo misive xeliT Setanilia sxva masala, romelic Seicavs locvebs, RvTismsaxurebasTan
qaRaldze Savi melniT, nusxuriT. gairCeva ramdenime xeli. saTaurebi Sesrulebulia mTavruliT, dakavSirebul sakiTxavebs. wigni naweria qaRaldze mxedruliT. teqsti adgil-adgil avtoris mier
zogjer wiTeli melniT. redaqtirebulia mxedruliT da axlavs amave xeliT Sesrulebuli unda iyos nasworebi, rasac mowmobs qaRaldis viwro naWrebi, romlebic wignakSia Cakruli.
saZieblebi, romlebic ekuTvnis redaqtors, sulxan-saba orbelians. xelnawerSi CarTulia vaxtang
VI-is stambaSi dabeWdili teqsti `winaswarmetyvelTa wignebi~. 1701 w.
XVII-XVIII ss. gadamweri: sulxan-saba orbeliani
qaRaldi, 668 f., zoma: 21×29,5 sm. A 303
gadamwerebi: sulxan-saba orbeliani, lazare
A 51

qarTuli saero xelnawerebi
Sua saukuneebis qarTul saero xelnawerebSi war

modgenilia Janrobrivad da Sinaarsobrivad mravalfe
rovani mwerlobis nimuSebi, mxatvruli da samecniero
Sinaarsis Txzulebebi. es xelnawerebi TavianTi Sedge
nilobiTa Tu mxatvruli gaformebiT imdroindeli sa
zogadoebis sulieri interesebisa da moTxovnebis Se-
sabamisad iqmneboda da asaxavda axloaRmosavleTis
saerTo kulturuli arealis ZiriTad tendenciebsa da
mimarTulebebs. misi mxatvruli saxe da Seqmnis teqnika
emyareboda Zveli qarTuli xelnaweri wignis tradiciebs,
romlebic sasuliero wreebSi, qarTul da ucxour skrip-
toriumebSi yalibdeboda.
Ggulani
qarTuli werilobiTi kulturis saero xelnawerebis
SedgenilobiT originaluri qarTuli krebulia, romelSic Tavmoyrilia saRvTismsaxuro yvela saxis Camoyalibeba damoukidebeli da Zlieri feodalu-
wigni: saxareba, saqme mociqulTa, pavleni, Tveni, Jamni, daviTni, marxvani, zatiki, svinaqsari.
ri monarqiis, politikurad da ekonomikurad mowinave
eklesiaSi is ikiTxeboda mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi. Ees gulani daukveTavs kaTalikos nikoloz
qarTuli saxelmwifosa da brwyinvale samefo karis ar
amilaxvriSvils 1681 wels. Nnaweria qaRaldze nusxuriT, yavisferi melniT. sazedao asoebi da
saTaurebi mTavruliTa da singuriT. xelnaweri moxatulia, teqstsa da xelnaweris kideebze sebobis pirobebSi daiwyo. Semdgom ki, erTiani saqar
uxvad gvxvdeba wmindanTa gamosaxulebebi, aseve scenebi sauflo dResaswaulebidan. F Tvelos daSlisa da politikuri Znelbedobis Jams, qar
Tuli samonastro kerebis Sesustebis periodSi, swored
1681 w.
saero xelnawerma itvirTa wignis SemecnebiTi arealis
qaRaldi, 345 f., zoma: 35×24 sm.
gadamwerebi: miqaeli, saba, abeli gafarTovebisa da progresuli codnis Semotana-ga-
A 30 vrcelebis funqcia. Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos isic, rom

SoTa rusTaveli,
`vefxistyaosni~
cnobilia begTabegiseuli
nusxis saxelwodebiT.
gadawerilia mxedruliT;
xelnaweri gamoirCeva
Tavisi SemkulobiT –
teqstis TiToeuli gverdi
Casmulia CarCoSi, xolo
kideebi ornamentiTaa
moxatuli.
momgebeli: mefe giorgi XI
1680 w.
qaRaldi, 263 f.,
zoma: 44,5×30 sm.
gadamweri: mdivani
begTabegi
H 54

SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~ sami siuJeturi miniatiura. mxatvrobaSi ikveTeba sparsuli saminiatiuro
àvaliSviliseuli~ nusxa; gadawerilia kaligrafiuli mxedruliT, xelovnebis kvali.
Savi melniT; yoveli furclis aSia mdidruladaa Semkuli. taepebis
XVI-XVII ss.
dasawyisi sityvebi oqroTia naweri; aSiebi gaformebulia zoomorfuli
elementebiT, peizaJiT, sxvadasxva saxis kompoziciiT. teqsts axlavs
H 2074

saero xelnaweris Sinaarsobrivi ganviTarebis safuZveli
sasuliero wignebSia saZiebeli. droTa viTarebaSi qar-
Tuli eklesiis avtokefalurobisa Tu erovnul wmind-
anTa panTeonis Seqnis mizniT Camoyalibebulma Zeglebma
saTave daudes saistorio mwerlobis Txzulebebs da
arasamonastro kuTvnilebis wignebs Soris daimkvidres
adgili. farTo politikurma Tu kulturulma urTier-
Tobebma, samonastro wiaRSi gadawerili Sereuli kre-
bulebis Tematurma mravalferovnebam, qarTuli mwer-
lobisa da wignis Seqmnis saqmeSi saero aristokratiis
aqtiurma CarTvam biZgi misca rogorc saero Sinaarsis
calkeuli Txzulebebis, aseve anTologiuri krebulebis
warmoSobas.
saero krebulebis qronologiaze dakvirveba erT
metad mniSvnelovan garemoebas gamokveTs – maTi um-
etesoba gviani Sua saukuneebiT TariRdeba. rogorc Cans,
saxotbo Tu sagmiro-saraindo Temaze Seqmnili Zeglebi,
romlebic saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi asazrdoebdnen qarTv-
el mkiTxvels, mainc piradi sakuTrebis, saojaxo reli-
qviebad miCneul xelnawerebSi iyrida Tavs, rac, garkveu-
li TvalsazrisiT, maTi daculobis areals aviwroebda.
Aamgvar wignebze zrunva saojaxo interesis sferos ar
scildeboda. Mmuslimur garemosTan mwvave politikuri
dapirispirebis pirobebSi qarTuli saxelmwifos, ekle
siisa Tu sazogadoebis mTeli yuradReba sasuliero Si-
naarsis xelnawerebis dacvisken iyo mimarTuli. AalbaT
SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~

`wereTliseuli~ nusxa; gadawerilia mxedruliT, Savi melniT;
saTaurebi da strofebis dasawyisebi singuriTaa naweri;
xelnaweri dasuraTebulia ori ostatis mier. MminiatiuraTa
nawili Sesrulebulia iranuli isfahanuri saminiatiuro
mxatvrobis gavleniT, nawili ki asaxavs erovnul qarTul
tendenciebs.
XVIII s.
S 5006

SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~ SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~

amitomacaa, rom XII-XIII ss-Si Seqmnilma qarTuli saero
mwerlobis unikalurma nimuSebma gviandeli xelnaweri
wignebis saxiT moaRwia Cvenamde. magaliTisaTvis movi
yvanT saxotbo poeziis maRalmxatvrul nimuSebs `Tamari-
ansa~ da àbdulmesias~, romlebic gviani xanis nusxebiTaa
Semonaxuli da warmodgenilia aRorZinebis periodis po-
etur nimuSebTan erTad.
klasikuri xanis poeturi Sedevri `vefxistyaosnis~
100-ze met xelnawerSia daculi. Zegli zogadkultu-
ruli fenomenia, sxvadasxva epoqiTa da kulturiTn na-
sazrdoebi, rac am xelnawerebis gamorCeuli nimuSebis
mxatvrul gaformebaSic vlindeba. sagangebo dakveTiTa
da finansuri uzrunvelyofiT Seqmnili, samefo ojaxebi-
sa Tu did feodalTa mzrunvelobiT gadawerili nusxebi
warmogvidgens rogorc `xalxuri~ mimarTulebis, ise is-
lamuri xelovnebis uSualo gavleniT Seqmnil dekora-
tiul da saminiatiuro mxatvrobas.
aRorZinebis xanisa da ufro gviandeli perio-
dis xelnawerebiTaa Semonaxuli àmirandarejanianic~
- qarTuli saero mwerlobis erT-erTi adreuli da
mravalmxriv sayuradRebo Zegli. calkeul moTxrobaTa
krebuli TxzulebaSi Zlevamosili gmiris amiran dare-
janis Zis TavgadasavliTaa gaerTianebuli. Txzulebis
zogierTi nusxis moxatuloba xalxuri niSniTaa aRbe-
Wdili; maTSi xazgasmulia am periodis saqarTveloSi
erTgvar kultad qceuli fizikuri Zala da safalavno
atributebi.
SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~

`TavaqaraSviliseuli~ nusxa; gadawerilia mxedruliT, Savi melniT; saTaurebi
singuriTaa naweri. teqsti warmoadgens poemis e. w. `vrcel redaqcias~. nusxis
moxatuloba qarTuli erovnuli Semoqmedebis nimuSadaa miCneuli. erTvis
gadamwerisa da momxatvelis, mamuka TavaqaraSvilis, avtoportreti. wigni
Seqmnilia samegrelos mTavar levan II dadianis iniciativiT
1646 w.
gadamweri da momxatveli: mamuka TavaqaraSvili
H 599

SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosni~ SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosni~

Aamave periods ganekuTvneba ucxoobaSi gadaxvewili matiane, romelic erTaderTi avtografuli xelnawer-
qarTveli poetis, daviT guramiSvilis, monumenturi qmni iTaa Semonaxuli.
leba `daviTiani~ – poetis pirmSo, XVIII s-is saqarTvelosa SuasaukuneebSi saqarTvelos Rrma kavSiri aqvs
da misi bedkruli Svilis SfoTiani cxovrebis poeturi rogorc elinur-bizantiur, ise islamur aRmosavleT-
daviT guramiSvili,
àmirandarejaniani~ `daviTiani~
gadawerilia mxedruliT, avtografuli xelnaweri;

aqvs Tavkazmuloba; erTvis naweria mxedruliT, saTaurebi
saWurvlis nusxa 33 da striqonTa dasawyisebi
dasaxelebiT da tabula – singuriT. teqsts erTvis
saWurvlis gamosaxulebebiT, guramiSvilis avtoportreti,
agreTve ilustraciebi, sarwyavisa da wisqvilis
romlebsac axlavs gegma. mis Tavze axtirkis
ganmartebebi. RvTismSoblis xatis nabeWdi
suraTia Cakruli.
1824 w.
qaRaldi, 113 f., 1787 w.
zoma: 32,5×20 sm. qaRaldi, 155 f.,
gadamweri: daviT Tumanovi zoma: 32,5×19,5 sm.
gadaweris adgili: Tbilisi gadawerilis adgili: ukraina
H 384 S 1598

Tan, ramac civilizaciaTa gasayarze myof qveyanas saSu-
aleba misca SeeTvisebina da gardaesaxa am kulturaTa
sulieri monapovari. qarTuli xelnaweri wigni asaxavs am
gavlenebs rogorc Sinaarsobrivi, ise wignis mxatvruli
gaformebis TvalsazrisiT.
XI s-idan gansakuTrebiT intensiuri gaxda urTier-
Toba Cvens kulturul mezobelTan – iranTan. Ppolitiku-
ri da erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi antagonizmis miuxedavad,
sparsuli originalebidan Sesrulebuli Targmanebi da
gadamuSavebebi organulad erwymoda qarTul mwerlo-
bas, rasac ganapirobebda am Zeglebis maRali mxatvruli
done da monaTesave motivTa arseboba qarTul mxatvrul
azrovnebaSi.
klasikuri sparsuli mwerlobis erT-erTi brwyinvale
Zegli `vis o ramini~ swored am periodSi iTargmna qarTu-
lad. igi zedmiwevniTi sizustiT mihyveba originals da
Tavisi maRalmxatvruli RirebulebiT qarTuli mwerlo-
bis SesaniSnav nimuSs warmoadgens. Zegli iseve, rogorc
sagmiro-safalavno da romantikul-samijnuro Txzule-
baTa sxva Targman-gadamuSavebebi, gviandeli xelnawere-
biTaa Semonaxuli.
XV saukunidan iqmneba iranuli sagmiro-safalano
eposis, sparsuli klasikuri poeziis sworupovari nimu-
Sis `Sah-names~ rogorc proziTi, ise poeturi qarTuli
versiebi. qarTuli xelnaweri memkvidreoba asaxavs am
versiaTa Camoyalibebis mTel process da amasTan qar-
`visramiani~
xelnaweri warmogvidgens sparsuli `vis o raminis~ beiTur sistemas da uaRresad
mniSvnelovania sparsuli teqstis dadgena-dazustebisaTvis. damsuraTebeli mihyveba
muslimur-aRmosavlur tradicias da xelnawers amkobs am gavlenis Sedegad Seqmnili
mairanizebeli miniatiurebiT.
gadwerilia mxedruliT, Savi melniT; saTaurebi da abzacebis dasawyisebi singuriTaa
naweri.
1729 w.
S 3702

Tuli saero xelnaweris dasuraTebis, saero miniatiuris gansakuTrebuli gavlena iqonia agreTve e. w. xalxurma
ganviTarebis imdroindel tendenciebs. nakadmac, Tumca Aam jgufis qarTuli xelnawerebi Ziri-
saero xelnaweris moxatuloba erTian mimarTulebad Tadad mainc sparsuli xelnaweri wignis dasuraTebis
swored am periodSi, XVI s-dan, yalibdeba. igi efuZneba gavlenis areSia moqceuli, rac qveynis politikuri da
samonastro wiaRSi Seqmnili sasuliero wignisa da kulturuli orientirebiTaa ganpirobebuli.
freskuli mxatvrobis gamocdilebas. mis ganviTarebaze
`rostomiani~
firdousis `Sah-names~
(`mefeTa wignis~) nawili.
gadawerilia mxedruliT,
Savi melniT; saTaurebi
da abzacebis dasawyisebi
singuriTaa naweri; aqvs
Tavkazmuloba; zogierTi
qaRaldi WvirniSniania.
xelnaweris meore
nawili dasuraTebulia
miniatiurebiT.
XVII s.
qaRaldi, F487 f.,
zoma: 39,5×25,5 sm.
S 1580

ùTruTian-saamiani~ 1647 w.
gadawerilia mxedruliT, Savi melniT; xelnaweri Semkulia qaRaldi, 148 f., zoma: 31×20,5 sm.
gadamweri da momxatveli: mamuka TavaqaraSvili
miniatiurebiT, romelTa avtoria mamuka TavaqaraSvilia. ilustraciebi
gadaweris adgili: samegrelo
– devebi, bataluri scenebi, saWurveli da sxv. – qarTuli xalxuri
S 1594
saxvis maneriTaa Sesrulebuli. wigni Seiqmna samegrelos mTavar levan II
dadianis iniciativiT.

aRniSnuli tendencia TvalsaCiod aisaxeba sagange- garda mxatvruli literaturisa, saero xelnawerma
bo dakveTiT Seqmnili `vefxistyaosnis~ xelnawerebSi, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miapyro istoriuli Sinaar-
agreTve popularul aRmosavlur samijnuro-romantikul sis Txzulebebs; samefo ojaxebisa Tu feodaluri sax-
siuJetebze agebuli sparsuli Txzulebebis (`leil- lebis warmomadgenelTa dakveTiT gadaiwera rogorc
majnunianis~, `vard-bulbulianis~, `Sami-farvanianis~, saqarTvelos, aseve calkeuli gvaris istoriis amsaxveli
ìoseb-zilixanianis~) literaturuli gadamuSavebebis wignebi. A gansakuTrebulad Rirebuli iyo qarTvelTaTvis
Semcvel nusxebSi. saistorio mwerlobis unikaluri Zegli - `qarTlis cx-
ìosebzilixaniani~
nimuSebTan avlens
xelnaweri warmoadgens
msgavsebas, sxva
kompilaciis
xelnaweridanaa
safuZvelze Sekrul
amoRebuli da Cakruli
wigns, masSi daculia
nusxis ufro didi
poemis I versia.
zomis, teqstisagan
igi mdidruladaa
Tavisufal
moxatuli. nusxaSi
furclebze.
12 miniatiuraa,
teqsti gadawerilia
romelTagan zogierTs
mxedruliT, Savi
dauyveba mcenareuli
melniT; saTaurebi da
an geometriuli
taepTa dasawyisebi
ornamenti. nusxis
singuriTaa naweri.
miniatiurebi,
romlebic adreuli
XVI-XVII ss.
isfahanuri skolisa da qaRaldi, 120 f.,
Sirazuli miniatiuris zoma: 21,5×15,5 sm.

`qarTlis cxovreba~
mariamiseuli nusxa. Seicavs
Zeglis uZveles teqsts.
gadawerilia mxedruliT, Savi
melniT, saTaurebi singuriTaa
naweri; aqvs WvirniSnebi
sxvadasxva gamosaxulebiT.
ikiTxeba vaxtang VI-is
minawerebi. wigni Seiqmna
qarTlis mefe rostomis
meuRlis, dedofal mariamis
dakveTiT.
1633-1646 ww.
qaRaldi; 470 f.,
zoma: 32,5×23 sm.
S 30

ovreba~, romelic moicavs qarTveli eris istorias uZ- XVII-XVIII ss-is saero xelnawerTa Soris mravlad
velesi droidan XVIII s-mde. Zegli aerTianebs leonti moipoveba qarTuli samarTlis wignebi, romlebic mwigno-
mrovelis, juanSeris, JamTaaRmwerlis, Tamarisa da da- barTa Rrma mecnieruli Sromis, wyaroebis Seswavla-Se-
viTis istorikosTa da sxvaTa Sromebs. dReisaTvis arse- jerebis safuZvelze Seqmnili Zeglebia. `sjulmdeblad~
buli nusxebi (16 nusxa) asaxavs Taobebis mier sxvadasxva wodebuli vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebulma
epoqaSi krebulis Sesworeba-ganaxlebis, mateba-Sevsebis gaaerTiana bibliuri, kaTalikosTa, berZnuli da somxuri
process. samarTali, moicva beqa-aRbuRasa da giorgi brwyinvalis
wignebi, Tavad mis mier Sedgenili muxlebi da Seqmna sa-
marTlis wignTa krebuli, romelic asaxavs Tanadroul
iuridiul yofasa da erovnul marTlSegnebas, warmoa-
Cens Zeglis avtoris farTo erudicias da erovnul mi-
zanswrafvas.
gviani Suasaukuneebis qarTvelma moRvaweebma didi
Rvawli dasdes samecniero Sinaarsis wignebis Seqmna-ga-
vrcelebas. gadaiwera leqsikografiuli, enciklopediu-
ri, samarTlis, samogzauro, geografiul-kartografiu-
li, astronomiul-astrologiuri, samedicino Sinaarsis
araerTi wigni.
am TvalsazrisiT unda gamoiyos XVII-XVIII ss-Ta gan-
manaTleblisa da politikuri moRvawis sulxan-saba or-
belianis `sityvis kona~ – qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi
leqsikoni, gansakuTrebuli movlena qarTuli kultur-
is, enisa Tu samecniero azrovnebis istoriaSi. masSi
qsnis erisTvianT istoria dafiqsirebulia Zveli qarTuli samwerlo enis leqsika,
xelnaweris Tavdapirveli gamokrebili Zveli qarTuli teqstebidan, misi Taname-
varianti erT-erTi drove enis monacemebi, maT Soris zepirsityvierebidan
feodaluri gvaris piradi momdinare, agreTve `sxvaTa sityvebi~. qarTul xelnaw-
biblioTekisaTvis unda erTa fondebSi daculia leqsikonis ramdenime redaq-
yofiliyo Sedgenili. cia. `leqsikoni qarTuli~ moRweulia 50 xelnaweriT,
nusxis anderZis mixedviT,
romelTagan 9 avtografulia.
es istoria upoviaT da
qarTuli sazogadoebis nawilis swrafva kaTolikuri
xelaxla gadauweriaT XIX s-Si.
xelnaweri gadawerilia evropisaken, rac ganpirobebuli iyo muslimobis moZale
mxedruliT, Savi melniT. biTa da qveynis mZime politikuri viTarebiT, afarTo
wignSi warmodgenilia ebda diplomatiuri urTierTobis areals da qmnida ev-
primitiuli mxatvrobis nimuSi. ropul kulturasTan meti daaxloebis SesaZleblobas.
Aamis naTeli magaliTia sulxan-sabas mogzauroba itali-
1828 w.
qaRladi, 8 f., zoma: 35×23 sm. asa da safrangeTSi, rac sainteresod da originaluradaa
gadamwerebi: kneina mariam asaxuli misi memuaruli Janris TxzulebaSi `mogzauroba
erisTavi da qsnis erisTavis Ze evropaSi~. swored am Zeglma Cauyara safuZveli evro-
giorgi
pul saganmanaTleblo-samwignobro tradiciaSi cnobili
H 2496

vaxtang VI, samarTlis wignTa
krebuli
Sedgenilia vaxtang VI-is
mier; win uZRvis maRalaZis
xeliT gadawerili, grafebSi
Casmuli muxlobrivi saZiebeli
da meored mosvlis feradi
miniatiura; gadawerilia
mxedruliT, Savi melniT,
saTaurebi-singuriT
1708 w.
qaRaldi; 336 f., zoma: 30×21 sm.
S 3683

sulxan-saba orbeliani, `leqsikoni qarTuli~ sulaxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli
avtografuli nusxa. xelnawerSi Sesulia avtoris mier xelnawers uZRvis: ànbanni saswavlo yrmaTa mier, saqcevni
Sesrulebuli naxazebi da sqemebi, erTvis avtoriseuli anderZi. xuTTa asoTa, aTormetTa zodiaqTa saxelebi~ da sxv. Nnusxas
erTvis beris (savaraudod, sabas) miniatiuruli gamosaxuleba
1716 w.
gadaweris adgili: konstantinopoli 1730 w.
qaRaldi, 305 f., zoma: 23×16 sm. Ggadamweri: mxatvris Ze aleqsi
H 1658 qaRaldi, 242 f., zoma: 22×16,5 sm.
S 4847

samogzauro-memuaruli Janris qarTul xelnawerTa Seqm-
nas.
Tu sulxan-sabasTvis mniSvnelovani iyo Seekriba da
mkiTxvelisaTvis miewodebina informacia evropis Sesaxeb,
Aam JanrSi moRvawe XIX saukunis orma avtorma – timoTe
gabaSvilma da giorgi avaliSvilma yuradReba Cveni isto-
riuli warsulis umniSvnelovanes sivrces - qristianul
aRmosavleTs miapyres. maT mier Seqmnili Txzulebe-
bi warmoadgens im mniSvnelovan wyaroebs, romlebic
mogviTxroben qarTvelTa moRvaweobisa da maTi kultu-
rul-politikuri kavSirebis Sesaxeb aRmosavleTSi.
qarTuli xelnaweri memkvidreoba asaxavs saerTo
kulturuli arealis Tanadroul mecnierul codnasa
da saerTo tendenciebs. am mxriv sagangebo yuradRebas
imsaxurebs qarTuli sabunebismetyvelo Sinaarsis samec-
niero Txzulebebi rogorc originaluri, ise naTarg-
mni da gadmokeTebuli, romlebic warmoaCens qarTveli
moazrovneebis, mTargmnelebisa da `gardamTqmelebis~
rols Suasaukuneebis mecnieruli azris formirebaSi da
maT saganmanaTleblo mizandasaxulobas.
erT-erTi aseTi adreuli da mravalmxriv sayuradRebo
nusxaa xelnawerTa erovnuli centris xelnaweri A-65,
Sereuli krebuli, romelic Seicavs sxvadasxva saxis
sasuliero Txzulebebs, agreTve astrologiuri Sinaar-
sis Zegls ètlTa da SvidTa mnaTobTaTvis~. igi aRmosav-
lurenovani (arabul-sparsuli) wyarodanaa gadmokeTebu-
li da exeba ciur etlTa daxasiaTebas, mTvaris moZraobas,
moZRvrebas Svidi mnaTobis Sesaxeb. Zegli warmoadgens am
tipis erT-erT yvelaze Zvel daTariRebul Txzulebas
(1188-1210 ww.) TviT aRmosavlur tradiciaSic. xelnaweri
uaRresad sayuradReboa moxatulobis TvalsazrisiTac
da did msgavsebas iCens sparsul saminiatiuro xelovne-
timoTe gabaSvili, moxilva wmidaTa da sxvaTa aRmosavleTis adgilTa
basTan. aRorZinebis xanaSi (XVII-XVIII ss.). igi qarTvel
nusxaSi CarTulia aTonis monastris tuSiT Sesrulebuli ilustracia. xelnawerSi Sedis
ganmanaTlebelTa - qarTlis mefis vaxtang VI-is da mefe timoTe gabaSvilis mier dawerili wigni – `msgavsi ebistolisa~, romelic mTawmidis
arCilis yuradRebis saganic iyo. monastrebisA istorias mogviTxrobs; nusxaSi Setanilia sityva `huriaTaTvis gangdebisa da
xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculia samecniero warmarTva wodebisaTvis~ da avtoris kidev erTi Txzuleba (`rameTu axso moSiSTa misTa
Txzulebebis Semcveli mravalricxovani xelnawerebi. es macxovareba misi...~).
Txzulebebi Semdeg dargebs ganekuTvneba: astronomia-
XVIII s.
astrologia, kalendaruli masala da kosmogonia, min- qaRaldi, 168 f., zoma: 19×14 sm.
eralogia, qimia, maTematika, medicina. am ZeglTa Targ- H 842

giorgi avaliSvili, vaxuSti bagrationi,
`mogzauroba~ geografia
avtografuli nusxa; Txzuleba xelnaweri avtografuli
dawerilia dRiuris saxiT, nusxiTaa Semonaxuli; igi
moicavs periods 1819 wlis moicavs msoflios geografiis
6 ivlisidan 1820 wlis 17 sakiTxebs da warmoadgens
ivlisamde; iyofa 2 nawilad: evropuli geografiul-
mgzavroba Tbilisidan kartografiuli codnis
ierusalimamde da piruku – Semotanis cdas. naweria
ierusalimidan Tbilisamde. mxedruliT, Savi melniT.
Nnaweria nusxuriT da wvrili
kaligrafiuli mxedruliT, 1752 w.
evropuli qaRaldi, 144 f.,
Savi melniT. axlavs
zoma: 50×22 sm.
mogzaurobis ruka, nagebobaTa
gadaweris adgili: ruseTi
gegmebi, graviurebisa da
A 717
naxatebis feradi pirebi.
1819-1820 ww.
S 450

vaxuSti bagrationi, geografia

etlTa da SvidTa mnaTobTaTvis mnaSi, Sedgenasa Tu gadamuSavebaSi gamorCeuli roli
Txzuleba Sedis Sereul krebulSi. xelnaweris dasawyisSi qufuri warweraa Seasrules qarTvelma moRvaweebma, upirvelesad ki didma
moxatuli sparsuli xelnawerebis dasaTaurebis analogiiT. mTvaris fazebis, kulturulma moRvawem, vaxtang VI-m. mis mier Targmnil-
misi amosvlisa da Casvlis gamosaxulebis da diagramis Semdeg warmodgenilia `gardaTqmuli~ zogierTi Zegli brwyinvale qarTuli
zodiaqos niSanTa daxasiaTeba, romelTac erTvis daxvewili, mkafio, moqnili
xelnaweriTaa Semonaxuli, romelsac xSirad erTvis
da faqizi konturiT, bewvis kalmiT Sesrulebuli miniatiura. moxatuloba did
samecniero aparati – saZieblebi, terminTa ganmartebebi,
msgavsebas iCens sparsul saminiatiuro xelovnebis nimuSebTan. naweria nusxuriT
da mxedruliT, moyavisfro melniT, saTaurebi-singuriT specialuri leqsikonebi da sxv., rac am Zeglebs farTo
sazogadoebisaTvis gasagebsa da misawvdoms xdida.
1188-1210 ww. erovnul fondSi daculia uZvelesi samedicino Si-
naarsis mdidari koleqcia, romelic Seicavs qarTul
xelnaweris erTi nawilis gadamweri: esaia
A 65 sazogadoebaSi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi popularul
samedicino-saxmar wignebs, maT Soris ùsworo karabad-
inis~, e. TayaiSvilis mier ènciklopediur samedicino

ziji – varskvlavTa katalogi leqsikonebi. gadawerilia mxedruliT, saTaurebi da abzacis
Zegli warmogvidgens Suasaukuneebis cnobili astronomis dasawyisebi – singuriT
uluRbegis (XV s.) vaxtang VI-is mier Sesrulebul Targmans.
1735-1737 ww.
uluRbegis naSromi didi mniSvnelobis faqtia astronomiuli
qaRaldi (WvirniSniani), 557 f., zoma: 30,5×21 sm.
azrovnebis ganviTarebaSi; igi saukeTesodaa miCneuli tixo de
brahes katalogamde (XVI s.). vaxtangma Txzuleba iranSi yofnisas
S 161
Targmna. teqsts erTvis cxrilebi da vaxtangiseuli didi da mcire

varskvlavTa wigni
xelnawerSi daculi Txzuleba
warmoadgens cnobili
astronomis muhamed aS-
Sirazis Sromis `hidaiaiT
al-nujumis~ vaxtang VI-
is mier sparsulidan
Sesrulebul Targmans.
mnaTobTa astrologiur
gaazrebasTan erTad ZeglSi
warmodgenilia praqtikuli
miTiTebani mnaTobTa
gasarkvevad, aRwerilia maTi
urTierTqmedebiT gamowveuli
movlenebi – mzisa da mTvaris
dabneleba, varskvlavTa
gauCinareba da sxv. ydis sacav
furcelze ikiTxeba vaxtang
VI-is avtografi; naweria
mxedruliT, Savi melniT;
saTaurebi da zogierTi
adgili specialur cxrilebSi
– singuriT
1735 w.
umaRlesi xarisxis evropuli
qaRaldi (WvirniSniani), 91 f.,
zoma: 14×21 sm.
Q 1493
naSromad~ wodebul `wigni saaqimois~, daviT bagrationis vaxtang VI, `qimiis wigni~
mier Sedgenil ìadigar daudis~ nusxebs. es kompilaciu- vaxtang VI-is mier Sedgenil ZeglSi asaxulia sparsuli da rusuli wyaroebis
ri naSromebia, romlebic emyareba imdroisaTvis cnobil kvali; amasTanve masSi warmodgenilia originaluri paragrafebic, romlebsac
qarTul da aRmosavlur samedicino Sromebs (zaqaria ar- maRal Sefasebas aZleven qarTveli mecnierebi. xelnaweri gadawerilia vaxuSti
bagrationis xeliT; mis miervea Sesrulebuli specialuri, fizikisa da qimiis
razis, avicenas Txzulebebs).
xelsawyoTa, naxazebi. gadawerilia mxedruliT, Savi melniT, saTaurebi – singuriT
veterinaruli xelnaweri wignebi saqarTveloSi XVII
saukunidan gvxvdeba. maT SeqmnaSi, Targmna-gadmokeTebaSi XVIII s-is 40-iani wlebi
didi wvlili miuZRvis vaxtang VI-s, giorgi XII-is Svilebs qaRaldi, 72 f., zoma: 16×10 sm.
gadamweri: vaxuSti batoniSvili (bagrationi)
– ioane da bagrat batoniSvilebs. cxenis, ZaRlis da
frinvelTa karabadinebis Semcveli zogierTi xelnaweri S 3721
qarTuli kaligrafiisa da, zogadad, wignis kulturis
TvalsaCino nimuSebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.

saweri masala
avgarozi
qarTul xelnawer tradiciaze saubrisas wignisa Tu
warmoadgens erTi mTliani qaRaldisgan gamoWril, erTmaneTTan dakavSirebul 24 mrgval
dokumentis Sinaarsis, formisa da mxatvruli mraval-
naWers, romelTagan pirvel orze feradebiT daxatulia qristes saxe. danarCeni 22 naWeri
uWiravs teqsts, romelic Cawerilia mrgvalad moxazul ferad wreebSi da devs sagangebod
ferovnebis paralelurad unda SevCerdeT sawer masala-
moqargul Zvelebur boRCaSi, romlis zomaa 6×7. gamokruli aqvs abreSumis sarCuli, boxCa ze. swored igi warmoadgens wignis xangrZlivobis, misi
warmoadgens moqargulobis sayuradRebo nimuSs. xelnaweri Semowirulia cnobili qarTveli mxatvruli iersaxis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanes safuZv-
meyvavilis mixeil mamulaSvilis mier. els. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, qarTuli mwignobroba erT-
droulad daiwyo rogorc saqarTveloSi, aseve mis farg-
XIX s.
qaRaldi, zoma: 35×23 sm. lebs gareT – qristianul aRmosavleTSi. sazRvargareTis
Q 283 qristianuli centrebisaken qarTveli mwignobari berebis
ltolvas, upirveles yovlisa, ganapirobebda erTian
sarwmunoebrivsa da kulturul sivrcesTan Tanaarsebo-
bis survili. swored am survilma aaTvisebinaT maT is-
da bolos, unda aRvniSnoT saero xelnawerTa Soris
toriuli siria-palestinisa da bizantiis kulturuli
TavianTi daniSnulebiTa da iersaxiT gamorCeuli e. w.
gamocdileba da, amasTanave, xeli Seuwyo xelosnobis
saxalxo, saojaxo moxmarebis, Tilismis funqciis mqone
erovnuli, tradiciuli, dargebis Semdgom ganviTarebas.
mcire wignebi – àvgarozebi~, romelTagan zogierTi Sei-
radgan wignis Seqmna warmoebiTi procesia, bunebrivia,
cavda avgarozis epistoles, wminda giorgis locvebs da
saxarebis monakveTebs. qarTul xelnawer kulturas unda mieRo ukve arsebuli
da aprobirebuli samwignobro gamocdileba. miuxedavad
imisa, rom qarTuli xelnaweri tradiciis dasawyisisT-
vis (V s.) qristianul aRmosavleTSi gavrcelebuli iyo
saweri masalis ori saxeoba – papirusi da etrati, qa-

rTulma mwignobrobam upiratesoba tyavis masalas, anu naweria farTod, gaSlilad, furclis dauzogavad, rac
etarats mianiWa. amgvar arCevans, bunebrivia, ekonomi- kidev erTxel adasturebs, rom saqarTveloSi tyavis
kuri safuZvelic hqonda. saweri masalis – papirusis saweri masalas warmoebam saTanado simaRles miaRwia.
ucxoeTidan Semotana dakavSirebuli unda yofiliyo sxvagvar viTarebas vxvdebiT sazRvargareTis samo-
finansur danaxarjebTan maSin, rodesac tyavis warmoe- nastro centrebSi Seqmnil qarTul wignebSi. maTi gad-
ba da damuSaveba saqarTveloSi xelosnobis tradiciul amwerebi ekonomiurad iyeneben tyavis furcels, xSirad
dargs ganekuTvneboda. amis dasturad Tundac is faqtic teqstebs iweren CamonaWer gverdebzec ki. amgvar ekono-
kmara, rom aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, kaxeTSi, saduRa- mias ganapirobebda is garemoeba, rom ucxoeTSi moRvawe
ras velis arqeologiur masalaSi aRmoCnda jer kidev qarTveli ber-monazvnebi iZulebul iyvnen SeesyidaT
Sua brinjaos xanis tyavis samkuTxa tvifruli droSebi. saweri masala an esargeblaT skriptoriumSi arsebuli
Tumca, aqve unda iTqvas, rom tyavis nedleulis sawer ma- maragiT, romelic gankuTvnili iyo ara mxolod qarTuli
salad gardaqmnis tradicia qarTul kulturas qristian- xelnaweri wignisaTvis.
uli xmelTaSua zRvis auzis samwignobro sivrcidan unda qarTvel mwignobar berTa iZulebiT mdgomareobas
SeeTvisebina. swored amaze migvaniSnebs rogorc termini – SeesyidaT an esargeblaT saweri masalis skripto
ètrati~, romelic momdinareobs berZnuli tetradion-idan riumSi arsebul maragiT – unda vumadlodeT Wilze
da Tavdapirveli mniSvnelobiT oTxi furclisagan Sed-
genil rveuls aRniSnavs, aseve berZnuli kharte-s analo- etrati. palimfsesti.
giiT Semotanili furclis aRmniSvneli `qarta~. sxvaTa qveda fena. V-VII ss.
H 1329
Soris, qristianobis gavrcelebam da wignieri cxovrebis
dasawyisma biZgi misca etratis warmoebas saqarTvelo-
Si. mwerlobis dasawyisaTvis saweri masalis warmoebis
teqnologiuri procesi – balnisa da xorciani nawilis
mosacileblad tyavis kirian wyalSi dalboba, basri ai-
raRiT gafxeka, gluvi zedapiris misaRebad tyavis kvlav
kirnarev wyalSi moTavseba, gadaWimva-gaSroba-galesva,
furclis gaTeTrebis mizniT kvlav kiriTa da carciT
misi damuSaveba – srulad iyo aTvisebuli, radganac V-VI
saukuneebis qarTuli palimfsestebi gadawerilia kargad
damuSavebul maRali xarisxis etratis farTo furcle-
bze, teqsti naweria gaSlilad, furclis ekonomiis gar-
eSe, rac cxadyofs, rom Zvel saqarTveloSi tyavis saweri
masalis mopoveba gasaWirs ar warmoadgenda. furclis
dakabadonebis, anu teqstis masze ganawilebis, farTe
aSiebis gamoyofis adreuli wesi ar Secvlila arc wignis
repertuaris gafarTovebisa da misi moculobis zrdis
Semdgom. IX-X saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi maRali xarisxis
etratze gadawerili yoveldRiuri daniSnulebis samo-
nastro Tu sagangebo mniSvnelobis xelnaweri wignebi

etrati. X s. Wili, anu papirusi. X s.
A 38 H 2123
gadawerili orad ori qarTuli xelnaweris arseboba- gadamwerma isargebla monastris skriptoriumis maragiT
sac. es aris X saukuneSi palestinaSi Seqmnili wignebi da iZulebuli gaxda rig SemTxvevaSi gamoeyenebina ukve
– mTeli wlis sadResaswaulo sagalobelTa krebuli – erTxel naweri da Semdgom gadarecxili etrati. swored
iadgari da fsalmunis fragmenti. dRes meore maTgani amitomac Wil-etratis ramdenime furceli palimfses-
daculia peterburgis saltikov-SCedrinis saxelobis tia, amaTgan zogis pirveli fena qarTulia, zogisa ki –
bibloTekaSi, xolo pirveli – sabawmidaSi gadawerili berZnuli.
xelnaweri – xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi. sainteresoa, sazogadod unda iTqvas, rom sazRvargareTis skrip-
rom am wignSi sawer masalad gamoyenebulia ara mxolod toriumebSi qarTveli berebis samwignobro moRvaweobas
papurusi, aramed etratic. swored amitomac es krebuli xSir SemTxvevaSi finansurad uzrunvelyofdnen qarTveli
Wil-etratis iadgaris saxelwodebiTaa cnobili. am ori mefe-didebulebi da saqarTvelos eklesia. mwignobrebi
masalis erTdrouli, Sereuli gamoyeneba gvafiqrebinebs, Semowirulobas iRebdnen zogjer fuladi da zogjer ki
rom ukve X saukuneebisaTvis TviT palestinaSi Wili war- wignisTvis saWiro masalis saxiT. amgvari Sewirulobebi
moadgenda iSviaT da, SesaZloa, Zvirad Rirebul masalas. gansakuTrebiT Tavs iCenda e. w. sazeimo wignebis gadawer-

xarisxobrivad sxvaobs erTmaneTisgan. rogorc Cans, aq
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeboda nedleulad gamoy-
enebuli cxovelis tyavis (Txa, cxvari, xbo) faqturasa
da, raRa Tqma unda, uSualod wignis Seqmnis procesSi
furclis sawerad damuSavebas, rac ukve samonastro-
samwignobro centrebSi arsebuli saxelosnoebisa Tu am
xelobas dauflebuli pirebis movaleobas warmoadgenda.
Sesabamisad, mwignobrulma saqmianobam ber-monazvnebs
calkeuli xelobebi aaTvisebina. gadamweri kaligrafebis
gverdiT iyvnen uSualod is pirebi, romlebic daostate-
bulni iyvnen furclis sawerad gamzadebaSi. am xelobas
anderZ-minawerebSi specialuri Sesityveba – `Seqmna¡
etratisa¡~ an `kazmva¡ etratisa¡~ aRniSnavs. XIV sauku-
nis kaligrafi avgaroz bandaisZe gvamcnobs, rom `Seqmna¡
etratisa¡~ wignis warmoebasTan dakavSirebuli erT-erTi
xelobaa. igi imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom etratis os-
tatebsac moixsenieben wignis anderZ-monawerebSi. aTo-
nis mTis qarTuli koleqciis erT-erT minawerSi vkiTx-
ulobT: `Seiwyalen RmerTman Cueni xucesi xristodule
oqromelani. bunebrivi mineralebisgan ZiriTadi teqsti yavisferi melniT, ebraelyofili, uRirssa Tana sulsa codvilsa, romel
damzadebuli melan-saRebavebi. 1054 w. mniSvnelovani adgilebi – singuriT. 1054 w.
amis wignisa etrati yoveli mas ukazmavs.~
A 484 A 484
unda aRiniSnos, rom qarTvel ber-monazonTa Soris
iyvnen iseTebic, romlebic ramdenime xelobas flobdnen.
isa da sagangebo dakveTis dros. am SemTxvevaSi gadam- magaliTad, X saukunis qarTveli mwignobari, sabawmi-
werebi Tavs uflebas aZlevdnen Tavisuflad gamoeyenebi- dasa da Semdgom sinis mTaze moRvawe iovane-zosime ara
naT maT xelT arsebuli saweri masala, SeerCiaT rogorc mxolod redaqtori da gadamweri iyo, aramed ydis os-
aRdgenis mizniT gakerili
maRali xarisxis furceli, aseve sxvadasxva Seferilobis, tatic. sainteresoa isic, rom XI saukuneSi konstanti-
etrati
zogjer ki oqroTi damzadebuli melani. magaliTad, 1008
wels aTonis qarTvelTa monasterSi – ivironSi – eqvTime
aTonelis mier Targmnili ioane oqropiris `maTes Tavis
Targmanebis~ Semcveli wignis SeqmnisaTvis saWiro masa-
la Sewirulobis saxiT gaiRes amave periodis cnobilma
mwignobrebma giorgim da miqaelma, alaverdis oTxTavis
mooqruli vercxlis erTian Wedur ydaSi Casma finansu-
rad uzrunvelyo XI saukunis baRvaSTa didi feodaluri
saxlis warmomadgenelma ivane liparitis Zem. amgvari
magaliTebis moxmoba Sors wagviyvans.
da mainc, miuxedavad teqnologiuri procesis er-
Tianobisa, sxvadasxva xelnawerSi gamoyenebuli etrati XII s-is. I meoTxedi. S 4999 978-988 ww. S 425

nopolTan axlos mdebare xoras monasterSi moRvawe
erT-erT cnobil qarTvel kaligrafs, basili maluSis
Zes, zedwodebad miuRia ètratai~. 1031 wels gadaweril
didi sjulis kanonSi igi ase moixseniebs sakuTar Tavs:
`basili etratai maluSis Zisa¡~.
etratis sawerad momzadeba gulisxmobda darbilebis
mizniT etratis dafarvas kvercxis cilisagan miRebuli
emulsiiT, Semdgom mis daxazvas saxazaviT, furclis dak-
abadonebas (`kabadoni~ ewodeboda nawer gverds, xolo or
svetad naweri gverdis naxevars anu erT svets – `gver-
di~), striqonTa Soris Tanabari intervalebisa da teqs-
tis gverdiTa Tavisufali sivrcis – aSiebis simetriul
gamoyofas. unda aRiniSnos, rom etratis xarisxi da misi
ostatis daxelovneba imaSic mJRavndeboda, Tu mkiTx-
velisaTvis raoden SeumCvevlad avlebda igi striqon-
etratis dazianebuli Ta sisworisaTvis gankuTvnil xazebs. qarTul xelnawer
furclebi. X s. wignebSi amgvari daxazva mkveTrad Cans siZvelisagan
H 2065 gauferulebul furclebze.
moqnili da rbili saweri masala – etrati gamoiye
neboda ara mxolod wignebis, aramed gragnilebisaTvisac.
etrati. gragnili. XIII s.

Ad 933
etratze Sesrulebuli dazianebuli

miniatiurebi. XII s.
Q 84

swored aq eniWeboda gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mis amowura sakuTari arseboba da igi calkeuli individis
xarisxs, Tanabrad moWrili kefebis gadabmisa da maTi saqmianobis sferoTi Semoifargla.
dacalkevebis SemTxvevaSi gragnilis mTlianobis aRdge- X-XI saukunidan etrats TandaTanobiT metoqeobas uw-
nis ostatobas. es saqmianobac, rogorc Cans, gadamweris evs qaRaldi. am masalaze gadawerili pirveli qarTuli
movaleobas Seadgenda. xelnaweri wignebi Seqmnilia qristianuli aRmosavleTis
etratma sakmaod didxans gaZlo qarTul tradiciaSi. centrebSi – sinis mTasa (Sin. 34) da Sav mTaze Q (Q 37);
igi wamyvan pozicias inarCunebs XIV saukunemde, magram aRniSnuli epoqidan es saweri masala TandaTanobiT
Semdgomac, XVII-XVIII saukeneebSi, etratze iwereba kerZo ikavebs adgils qarTuli xelnaweris Seqmnis saqmeSi. XI-XII
mflobelobisaTvis gankuTvnili wignebi. unda vifiqroT, saukuneebis mijnaze igi Cndeba ara mxolod sazRvarga-
rom amgvari faqtebi tradiciisadmi erTgulebiTaa nakar- reTis centrebSi, aramed saqarTveloSi gadaweril xel-
naxevi. am wignebSi gamoyenebuli saweri masalis xarisxi nawerebSic.
sagrZnoblad ecema. rogorc Cans, etratis warmoebam am saweri masalis saqarTveloSi Semotanis istoria
kargad asaxavs im savaWro da kulturul-politikur
urTierTobebs, romelTa fonzec viTardeboda qarTuli
samwignobro tradicia. Tavdapirvelad qaRaldi CvenSi
aRmosavleTidan, uSualod arabuli sivrcidan Semovida,
razec metyvelebs misi saxelwodebac. `qaRadi~//`qaRaldi~
arabuli `qaRid//qaRadis~ Sesatyvisi terminebia. cnobebi
WvirniSani. evropuli qaRaldi.
saqarTveloSi qaRaldis warmoebis Sesaxeb ar gvaqvs. vic-
1735 w.
iT mxolod, rom igi Semodioda naxevarfabrikatis saxiT.
Q 1493
sawer furclad misi damzadeba anu saxamebliTa da kver-
cxis cilisagan miRebuli emulsiiT dafarva, sales fi-
carze moTavseba da gluvi sagniT an cxovelis eSviTa Tu
kbiliT galesva evaleboda wignis SeqmnaSi monawile am
xelobis mcodne pirs. saweri qaRaldis momzadebis pro-
cesSi mas Tavdapirveli masalis faqturis mixedviT unda
ganesazRvra gaxamebis xarisxi, melan–saRebavis Semad-
genloba da Taviseburebebi, weris teqnikac ki. saweri
masalis xarisxi swored mis ostatobaze iyo damokide-
buli. xSirad gadamweri qaRalds mza produqciis saxiT
iRebda da zogjer Cioda kidec misi dabali xarisxis
gamo: `glaxa¡ qaRadi aseTsa hq¢an...aqa ganvlo melanman.~
zogjer gadamweri iZulebuli iyo xelaxla gaeaxamebina
da gaelesa masala: `va¡, ra WirSi vyevar qaRaldsa. ga-
vaxamo, melans ar moikidebs, Tu ara Sig gavardebis. ge-
bralebode, keTil muSakno, RvTisaT¢s nu mwyevT.~
arabuli qaRaldi. qaRaldis gaxameba–galesvis, kvercxis cilis emul-
1188-1210 ww. siisa da saRebavebis damzadebis Sesaxeb arsebulma cod-
A 65
nam Tavi moiyara XVIII saukuneSi vaxtang VI-is mier Sedge

saweri iaraRebis gamosaxuleba samelnec. saqarTveloSi XVIII saukunis dasasrulamde
miniatiurebze. 1054 w. etratsa da qaRaldze werisaTvis mxolod lerwmis
A 484
kalmebi gamoiyeneboda.
XVIII saukunidan TandaTanobiT Semovida frTis kalme-
bi. calke unda gamoiyos liTonis saweri saSualebebic,
romlebsac XVIII saukunemde liTonisave zedapirze weri-
saTvis iyenebdnen.
rac Seexeba melans, ZiriTadad gvxvdeba Savi, yavis-
feri, wiTeli, mwvane, iSviaTad lurji saRebavnarevi mel-
ani da oqromelani. berZnuli to melan (Savi sawer-saRe-
bavi) gavleniT Semosul termin `melanis~ paralelurad
qarTulSi dadasturebulia `Semgbari~ da wamali~, rac
duRilis Sedegad miRebul sawer siTxes gulisxmobs.
muqi melnis aRsaniSnavi terminia `Savi~, xolo wiTeli
melnisa – `wiTeli~ da `singuri~.
melnis gamZleoba da feri damokidebuli iyo mis
Semadgenel mineralebsa da qimiur naerTebze, misi war-
nil qimiis wignSi. pirveli stambis damaarsebeli da be-
moebisa da sawer furcelze damagrebis teqnologiaze.
Wduri sawmianobis moTave mefe am SromaSi Tavs uyris
melnis Sedgenilobis Sesaxeb cnobilia, rom V-VI ss-is
wignis warmoebasTan dakavSirebul tradiciulsa da mis
qarTul palimfsestebSi gamoyenebuli melani rkinas Sei-
Tanamedrove evropul sivrceSi arsebul codnas.
cavda. mis dasamzadeblad gamoiyeneboda samelne kaklebi
mogvianebiT Semodis sparsuli (XV-XVI ss. mijna,
anu muxis danamatebi, Savi kiparozi da gumiarabiki – aka-
XVII s. dasawyisi), italiuri (XV s.), e. w. aRmosavluri,
ciis zogierTi jiSisagan miRebuli myari, gumfisuri niv-
romlis warmomavlobac daudgenelia (XV-XVI ss.), fran-
Tiereba. rac Seexeba singurs, mas orgvari Sedgeniloba
guli (XVIII s.) da rusuli feradi (XVIII s. dasasrulidan)
hqonda: bunebrivi – mineraluri da xelovnuri – gogir-
qaRaldi, maT Soris WvirniSniani.
disa da vercxliswylis urTierTzemoqmedebiT SeZenili.
oriode sityva unda iTqvas sawer saSualebebsa da
`wiTeli~ da `singuri~ gamoiyeneboda sazedao asoebis,
melanze. sawer iaraRs Zvel qarTul tradiciaSi àR-
saTaurebisa da dasawyisebis gamosayofad. xSirad gan-
sawerelni wignisani~ ewodeboda. marTalia, Tavdapirve-
sxvavebuli Seferilobis Sesaqmnelad singuri gvxvdeba
lad, V-VI ss-Si, termini `sawereli~ cvilovan tabulebze
oqromelnis qveda fenaSi.
werisaTvis saWiro grifelis mniSvnelobiT ixmareboda,
magram Semdgom man ganzogadebuli Sinaarsi SeiZina da
melnisa da kalmis Senaxva-dacvisaTvis saWiro mTel
kompleqts gulisxmobda. XVII-XVIII saukuneebis mziTvis
wignebis mixedviT am kompleqtSi Sedioda saweri iara
Ris Tevzis kbilisa an sadafisagan damzadebuli, zog
jer movercxlili sacavi yuTi, lerwmis ramdenime kal- alaverdis oTxTavis yda.
ami, `yalamTarSi~ (sparsuli `yalamdanidan~) anu kalmis liTonze kawvris nimuSi.
saTleli basri dana da makratelic ki. masSive Sedioda XVII s.
A 484

yda
wignis kulturul-istoriuli Rirebulebis Sefase-

bisas sagangebo mniSvneloba eniWeba ydas. wignis Semad-
geneli yvela komponentidan (saweri masala da melani,
teqstobriv-redaqciuli Taviseburebebi da mxatvrul-
furclovani oqro. 1054 w. calke unda gamoiyos furclovani oqrosagan damza- dekoratiuli sistema) igi yvelaze nakleb uZlebs drosa
A 484 debuli oqromelani, romelic gamoiyeneboda rogorc da saWiroebs ganaxlebas. uZveles xelnawerebs ar Semor-
weris, aseve moxatva-Semkobis dros. oqros fxvnilis we- CaT Tavdapirveli ydebi ara mxolod wignebis gadanacv-
bovan nivTierebasTan Serevis Sedegad moRebuli es mel- lebis, aramed maTi xSiri gamoyenebis gamoc. droTa vi-
ani ZiriTadad gvxvdeba sagangebod gadawerilsa da Sem- TarebaSi, SesaZloa, erTi egzemplari ramdenjermec ki
kul xelnawerebSi sazedao asoebis, saTaurebis, zogan aikinZuliyo da Casmuliyo ydaSi. Sesabamisad, swored
minawerebisa da mxatvrul-dekoratiuli elementebisaT- yda asaxavs wignis mxatvrul-esTetikuri Taviseburebe-
vis. gviandel tradiciaSi oqromelani aRar gamoiyeneba. bis ganviTarebis vrcel periods – calkeuli egzempla-
ris Seqmnidan dawyebuli misi ganaxlebis bolo etapis
CaTvliT. dRes Cven xelT arsebuli tyavis ydebis didi
umravlesoba XVII-XIX ss-iT TariRdeba.
adreuli ydebis warmoebis teqnologiuri procese-
bis, mxatvruli Taviseburebebisa Tu ostatebis Sesaxeb
saubari dRes Zalze rTulia. Ggarkveul informacias,
ostatis vinaobasa da mwir istoriul cnobebs gvawvdis
Tavad xelnawerze darTuli anderZ-minawerebi. maT sa-
fuZvelze Tamamad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom wigns qmnidnen

xelosnur jgufebad dayofili mwignobrebi, romelTa
Sorisac iyvnen ydis ostatebi. es imdenad myari profe-
sia iyo, rom arsebobda ydis xelobasTan dakavSirebuli
specialuri terminebic ki – `mosva~, `kazmva~, `Sekvra~.
Tavad procesi ki gulisxmobda rogorc wignis kinZvas,
misi tyavis zedapiris mxatvruli elementebiT Semkobas,
aseve dazianebuli ydis ganaxlebas. M ydis Seqmnisa da
misi xelovnebis Sesaxeb mxolod anderZ-minawerebis sa-
fuZvelze agebuli msjeloba marto Teoriuli gansjisa
da varaudis farglebs ar gascdeboda, rom, sabednie-
rod, ar SemogvrCenoda adreuli, IX-X saukuneebis ydebi.
tyavisa da metalis kombinirebuli yda; sqeli, sworad moWrili xis dafebi, romelzec Ria yavisferi tyagadakruli yda; xis masiuri dafebi moWrilia xelnaweris furclebis pirze.
SeimCneva tyavis sami Ffena: pirveli Sre (IX s.) fragmentuili, amoutvifravia; meore Sre ydis zedapirze gamosaxulia wresa da kvadratSi Caxatuli stilizebuli tolgverda jvari.
(X s.) SenarCunebulia mxolod zeda frTis centralur nawilSi. Zlier dazianebul tyavze gamoyenebulia xazovani tvifris teqnika. kidesTan miuyveba erTmagi aSia, romelsac CarCod akravs
amotvifrulia wreSi Caxazuli jvris stilizebuli forma – rombiseburi wnuli ornamentiebi sam-sami xazi. Kkonturebs aformebs mcire zomis dekoratiuli burTulebi. aseve gamoyenebulia
Caxveuli boloebiT, romelic gaformebulia mcire zomis dekoratiuli samsWvalebiT, Semavsebeli oTxkuTxedi formis D Semavsebeli dekoratiuli tvifri.
tvifrebiT. amotvifrul tyavis zedapirze damagrebulia gravirebuli, saSualo zomis tolferda
jvari (XIV s). vercxlze amokveTili naxatis saxes foTlovan-yvavilivani ornamenti qmnis. mesame, Lliturgikuli krebuli. IX-X ss.
Yyda: X s., zoma: 13×14,5 sm.
sqeli tyavis Sre (XVI s.), romelic amJamad moxeulia, SemorCenilia yuis mxares.
Yydis ostati: iovane-zosime
adiSis oTxTavi. 897 w. Sin. Geo. N. 26; xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculi fotoasli
yda: IX-X, XIV-XVI ss., zoma: 30×27 sm.
IX s-is ydias ostati: miqaeli
daculia svaneTis istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi
2008 wlis Mmxatvruli asli: m. ebraliZe
bolo dromde cnobili iyo adreuli ydis samiode nimu-
Si da isic daculi sinis mTis wm. ekaterines monastris
II tvifruli fena
wignsacavSi. 2008 wels svaneTis istoriul-eTnografiul
III fena metalis jvari muzeumSi or mniSvnelovan xelnawerze – adiSis oTxTavsa
da adiSis iadgarze gamovlinda IX-X s-is ydebis fragmen-
tebi. dRes Tamamad SegviZlia visaubroT IX-X saukunis
pirveli fena ydis warmoebis teqnologiursa Tu mxatvrul aspeqteb-
ze. A adreuli tipis qarTuli xelnaweris tyavis ydebis
Camomtvreuli
xis dafa ornamenti aRmosavluri tolferda jvris stilizaciis
safuZvelze igeba. ydebs tvifravdnen svel tyavze Cxvle
tis meTodiT. tyavze farglisa da specialuri wverwama-
xilebuli xelsawyos meSveobiT gamosaxavdnen wreSi Ca-
xazul jvrebs, rombisebur wnul ornamentebs Caxveuli
boloebiT, sxvadasxva formis Semavsebel da sabordiure

tvifrebs, gamoiyeneboda xazovani tvifris teqnika. da- a. kaptalis mimagreba rveulebad akinZul wignis blokze
mRebis mcire raodenobis gamo xSirad mravalsaxovnebis- b. masiuri, sworad moTlili xis dafa
g. sworad moTlili xis dafebi, moWrili xelnaweris
Tvis sabordiure tvifrebiT amkobdnen ydis Sida sivr- a
furclebis pirze
ces, an PpiriqiT Semavsebel tvifrebs iyenebdnen aSiebis
gasaformleblad. b
ydis istoriaSi sagangebo yuradReba eqceva wignis

korpusis Seqmnas, rac gulisxmobs rveulebad dakecili qarTuli xelnaweri wignis ydis ostatebi dafebis
naweri furclebis kinZvas, xis dafebis mimagrebas. dasamagreblad rveulebis dakecil kideebs V formis
swored am sawarmoo procesSi vlindeba qarTuli wignis CanaWdevs ukeTebdnen, rac saSualebas iZleoda Semkvreli
ydis ostatebis originaluri Semoqmedeba. Aam teqnikas V Zafi ar gamokveTiliyo yuaze da ar daezianebina tyavi.
g
s-Sive eyreba safuZveli, rasac mowmobs V-VIII ss-iT daTa- Aam teqnikiT akinZuli wignis yua gluvia. `grekaJis~
riRebul palimfsestur furclebze SemorCenili rveu- saxelwodebiT cnobili es meTodi tipuria bizantiuri
lebrivi aRricxvis kvali. wris adreuli xelnaweri wignis kinZvisaTvis. ydis xis
dafebs, romlebzedac mogvianebiT gadaikvreba tyavis
zedapiri, dahyveba horizontaluri Rarebi, romlebSic
jdeba Tokebi. Rarebi Seesabameba `grekaJis~ dones.
mxolod qarTuli xelnawerebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli
Sekervis kombinirebuli teqnia.
`jaWvuri kerva~, romelic miiReba erTi nemsisi teqnikiT
Ria yavisferi tyagadakruli tvifruli yda; sqeli, sworad moTlili xis dafebi emTxveva
adreuli qarTuli xelnaweri wignis xis dafebi xelnaweris CamonaWers; aqvs tyavis ori Tasma; ydis zedapirs kravs sami xazisagan Semdgari
masiuria da CamoWrilia xelnaweris furclebis pirze, arSia. Sida sivrcis are uWiravs samkuTxed postamentze Semdgar jvars. rogorc jvari, aseve
postamentic Sesrulebulia xazovani tvifriT. ydis zedapirze Tavisufal adgilebs avsebs
romlebsac samive mxares, kideebmze mouyveba Rari.
rogorc diagonaluri xazebi, aseve mcire zomis samsWvalis tipis Semavsebeli tvifrebi.
wigni ikvreba kombinirebuli teqnikiT, rac gulisxmobda
erTdroulad rveulebis jaWvisebur akinZvasa da xis wyarosTavis oTxTavi. X s.
dafebis mimagrebas. Yyda 1070 w., zoma: 22,5×19 sm.
Yydis ostati: iovane
restavrirebuli xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi
A 98

yavisferi tyavgadakruli tvifruli yda. sqeli,
sworad moTlili xis dafebi; kideebze miuyveba
Rarebi. gvxvdeba meoradi akinZvis kvali.
gamoyenebulia mimagrebis sworxazovani teqnika.
tyavis zedapirze tvifris saxe TiTqmis waSlilia:
aSiaze ikiTxeba dekoratiuli burTulebis kvali,
mcire zomis jvrebi, ovaluri formis Semavsebeli
tvifrebi. yua – momrgvalebuli, amoutvifravi.
SemorCenilia Wreli kaptalis mcire fragmenti.
forzacebi dakargulia.
basili didi, Targmaneba¡ fsalmunTa¡. 1035 w.

yda: XI-XIII ss., zoma: 20×13,5 sm.
muqi yavisferi tyavgadakruli tvifruli yda; xis dafebi odnav gaTxelebulia; ydis zedapirs
XI s-is ydis ostati: daviT jibisZe
mTlianad avsebs saSualo zomis marTkuTxa formis dekoratiuli sabordiure tvifri; yuaze
A 135
reliefurad ikveTeba Sekervis sami adgili – XVIII s.-is restavraciic kvali. gamoyenebulia
gansxvavebuli ferisa da xarisxis tyavi. SeimCneva yviTeli Zafebisagan gakeTebuli kaptali.
Yydis Sida zedapirze dakrulia zolebiani gaxunebuli qsovili. ydas unda hqonoda sami
Sesakravi, dResdReisobiT dakargulia. xelnaweri ekuTvnoda sulxan-saba orbelians.
sjuliskanoni. 1031 w.
Yyda: XVI s., restavrirebulia XVIII s-Si
zoma: 21×16,5 sm.
muqi yavisferi tyavgadakruli yda; gamoyenebulia A 96
ormagi xis dafebis mimagrebis teqnika. moWedilobis
fragmenti SemorCenilia ydis qveda frTaze; Zlier
dazianebuli xelnaweris zedapirze dakrulia rogorc vxedavT, xelnawerebze gvxvdeba wignis Sekv
liTonis burTulebi, samsWalebi. xelnaweri ris adreuli meTodebi, kerZod sworxazovani, romlis
akinZulia `grekaJis~ teqnikiT. SeimCneva wignis
drosac xis dafebze Rarebi CaWrilia vertikalorad. ��
or-
meoradi akinZvis kvali. SemorCenilia daSlili
magi xis dafebi mimagrebulia akinZuli wignis blokze am
kaptalis fragmenti. zeda frTaze SemorCenilia
liTonis masiuri wawvetebuli, solis magvari dros akinZvis Sedegad datovebuli Tokebi ifareba xis
Sesakravebi; Tasmebi dReisaTvis dakargulia dafebSi. miuxedavad xelnaweri wignebis xelaxali Sekazm-
visa, ydaze mainc gvxvdeba akinZvis adreuli elementebi,
oTxTavi. 1048 w.
rac imiT unda avxsnaT, rom ydis damuSavebis tradicia
yda: XIII-XIV ss., zoma: 21,5×13,5 sm.
H 1741
– teqnika, iaraRebi, dekori ucvleli darCa.
xis dafebze, Sida (ukana) mxares SeiZleba dakruli
iyos abreSumis naWeri, etrati an qaRaldi. forzacs,
garda praqtikuli daniSnulebisa, wminda esTetikuri
mxarec aqvs. igi faravs yvela im defeqts, romelsac
xelnaweris ydaSi Casmisas tovebda mkazmveli. forzacis

erTi furceli ikinZeboda xelnawerTan erTad, meore ki
ekvroda xis dafebs. forzacad gamoyenebul qsovils,
etrats Tu qaRalds didi mniSvneloba eniWeba wignis
ydis Seswavlisa da daTariRebis saqmeSi. xelnaweri wigni
ikvreboda liTonisTaviani ori an sami tyavis TasmiT,
romlebsac `Rilo-kiloni~ ewodeboda. ydaze Sesakravebis
raodenoba damokidebuli iyo TviT xelnaweris formatze.
iyo wignis iseTi ydebic, romlebsac ar hqondaT `Rilo-
kiloni~ da Tavebgaxvretili tyavis Tasmebi pirdapir
magrdeboda, solis magvar metalis Camosacmelebze.
garkveuli cvlilebebi SeimCneva XVII s. xelnawer-
Ta ydebze: tyavgadakruli xis dafebi, moyvanilobisa
yavisferi tyavgadakruli tvifruli xis yda. xis dafebi emTxveva furclebis CamonaWers, odnav
da mxatvruli gaformebis mxriv, XVI s. ydebis msgavsia, momrgvalebulia; ydis zedapirs kveTs diagonaluri xazebi, gaformebulia saSualo zomis
mxolod yuaze Cndeba Sekervis reliefuri adgilebi, ar vardulebiTa da ovaluri formis dekoratiuli Semavsebeli tvifrebiT. aseve gvxvdeba samyuras
gamoiyeneba `grekaJis~ teqnika, SeiZleba yuaze Segvxvdes tipis foTlovani onamentis Semcveli tvifri. qveda frTa mcired gansxvavdeba zedasagan. yua
`grekaJis~ CaRrmaveba, magram is usaTuod zedapirulia. morRveulia, Cans `grekaJis~ teqnika da jaWvuri akinZvis kvali. sayuradReboa is faqti, rom
XVII s. Yydebi qarTuli wignis ydis istoriaSi gardamaval reliefur adgilebze dayolebulia winaswar specialurad momzadebuli TokiviT dagrexili tilos
naWrebi. mkazmvels xelovnurad Seuvsia `grekaJis~ Sedegad miRebuli CaRrmavebebi. Yyua Zveli
safexurs warmoadgenen adreul (X-XVI ss.) da gviandel
restavrirebulia. kaptali dazianebulia. ydaze Sida mxridan gamokrulia moCiTuli qsovili.
(XVIII-XIX ss.) ydebs Soris.
Sesakravebi dakargulia.
Satberdis krebuli. 973-976 ww.

yda XVI-XVII ss., restavrirebuli XVIII s-Si
zoma: 28,3×23 sm.
S 1141
tyavgadakruli tvifruli yda; sworad moTlili

xis dafebi; Casmulia oqroTi movarayebul,
inkustrirebul aRmosavlur tyavis tyavSi. aseve
gaformebulia aRmosavlur stiliT rogorc zeda,
ise qveda frTis Sida mxarec. gamoyenebulia nazi
muqi Sindisferi tyavgadakruli xis yda; xelnaweris mcenareuli ornamentis Semcveli marTkuTxedis
furclebis pirze sworad moTlili dafebi odnav formis mozrdili centraluri tvifri. aSiebad
Txelia; ydis zedapirze arSiad gamoyenebulia miuyveba ovaluri moyvanilobis sabordiure da
marTkuTxedis formis badiseburi naxatis Semcveli kuTxis tvifrebi. Sida arSia inkustrirebulia.
sabordiure tvifrebi. centrSi gamosaxulia jvari, gamoyenebulia sxvadasxva feris tyavi. yda
romelic Sedgeba patara marTkuTxedis moyvanilobis gakeTebuli unda iyos aRmosavleTis romelime
sabordiure tvifrebisagan. yuaze reliefurad qveyanaSi. restavrirebulia xelnawerTa erovnul
ikveTeba Sekervis sami adgili. centrSi.
Qkrebuli. 1669 w. `vefxistyaosani~. XVI-XVII ss.

yda: XVII s., zoma: 21×15 sm. Yyda: XVII s., zoma: 37,2×24 sm.
A 179. H 2074

xelnaweri wignis SeqmnaSi saero aristokratiis CarT-
vis Semdgom iqmneba mdidrulad Semkuli Weduri ydebi.
es procesi saTaves iRebs XI saukunidan. am epoqis Wedu-
ri ydis mqone Sav mTaze, kaliposis lavraSi, gadawerili
xelnaweri amJamad inaxeba moskovis sajaro biblioTe-
kis SCukinis koleqciaSi. samwuxarod, ver moaRwia 1054
wels amave samonastro centrSi gadawerilma, baRvaSTa
feodaluri saxlis dafinansebiT moWedili alaverdis
oTxTavis Wedurma ydam, romlis zust aRwerilobasac
vecnobiT Tavad xelnawerze 1059 wels darTuli anderZi-
dan. swored am anderZis safuZvelze XVII saukuneSi xel-
naweri wignis ydis restavracia iTava samegrelo-odiSis
mTavarma levan dadianma, romelmac wigni tyavisa da
mooqruli vercxlis kombinirebul ydaSi Caasmevina.
qarTuli Weduri ydis unikaluri nimuSebi Seiqmna
XII saukuneSi. ��
Cvenamde moaRwia XII-XIII ss-is berTis, tbe-
Tisa da wyarosTavis saxarebebis Wedurma ydebma. sagan-
gebod dakveTili am ydebis avtorebi arian beqa da beSqen
opizrebi. Aam ydebzeQ tradiciulad gvxvdeba jvarcmisa da
vedrebis kompoziciebi. am mxriv sainteresoa XII s. ga-
dawerili gelaTis oTxTavis Weduri yda, romlis qveda
frTaze gamosaxulia aRdgomis siuJeti. gelaTis ydis
Mmooqruli vercxlis moWedili yda; dazianebuli; ydis zeda frTis centrSi

gamosaxulia jvarcma, tradiciulad RvTismSoblis, ioane maxareblisa da angelozebis
fonze; qveda frTaze – vedreba RvTismSoblisa da ioane naTlismcelis TanxlebiT.
gvxvdeba ganmartebiTi warwerebi; Wedurobis centraluri nawili garSemovlebulia
wvrili, grexili ornamentis CarCoTi. kuTxeebi gaformebulia foTlovan-yvavilovani
reliefuri ornamentebiT. erT-erTi warwera zeda frTas aSiad akravs, romelSic
ixseniebian: iovane mTavara¡Ze, giorgi da dekanozi miqael k¢rka¡Ze; qveda frTis
warwerebSi ixseniebian momgeblebi oqropiri da misi Ze demetre. yda Semkulia
naxevradZvirfasi qvebiT. qristes saydris qvemoT ikiTxeba: `moiWeda £eliTa beSqen
opizarisa¡Ta~. yua dakargulia, SemorCenolia tilos qsovili; wigni ikvreboda 4
SesakraviT; SemorCenilia fragmentebis saxiT.
berTis oTxTavi. XII s.

yda: XII s., zoma: Y24×17 sm.
Yydis ostati: beSqen opizari
Q 906

vercxlis mooqruli yda. zeda frTis centrSi gvxvdeba jvarcma RvTismSoblis, yavisferi tyavis yua gaformebulia mcire zomis vercxlis
ioane maxareblisa da angelozebis fonze; qveda frTaze – vedreba RvTismSoblisa dekoratiuli firfitebiT. maTi umetesi nawili dakargulia.
da naTlismcemlis TanxlebiT. Ggvxvdeba ganmartebiTi warwerebi. Wedurobis wigni ikvreboda 4 SesakraviT, romlebic SemorCenilia fragmentebis
centraluri nawili garSemovlebulia wvrili, grexiliT; kuTxeebi gaformebulia saxiT.
foTlovan-yvavilovani reliefuri ornamentebiT; ydis qveda frTaze ikiTxeba
warwerebi, romlebSic ixsenieba momgebeli iovane mtbevari. yda Semkulia wyarosTavis oTxTavi. 1195 w.
naxevradZvirfasi qvebiT; uflis saydris marcxena mxares, vertikalurad, odnav yda: XII s., zoma: 24,5×16,6 sm.
momcro asomTavruliTiT: `q[rist]e, S[eiwyal]e oqromW[e]deli beqa¡ opizari~. Yydis ostati: beqa opizari
Q 907

Weduri ydis fragmentebi dakrulia gviani periodis oqrotvifrul ydaze. tyavi Ria yavisferia. vercxliT moWedili yda; Wedurobis qveS tvifruli tyavi. masiuri xis dafebi. aSiad
xis dafebi iribadaa moTlili, gadmodis da faravs mTliani xelnaweris korpuss. yua gamoyenebulia yvavilovani ornamentis Semcveli sabordiure marTkuTxedi, ovaluri mcire
oqrotvifrulia, reliefuria Sekervis oTxi adgili. ydis zeda frTaze dakrul moWedilobaze zomis tvifrebi. zeda frTa gadatexilia, Weduroba dazianebulia. qvedaze gamosaxulia
gamosaxulia jvarcma, tradiciulad RvTismSoblis, ioane maxareblisa da angelozebis fonze; jvarcma. jvarTan ikiTxeba: èse ars meufe huriaTa~. RvTismSoblisa da wminda ioane maxareblis
qveda frTaze gvxvdeba medalionSi Casmuli qristes gamosaxuleba, mavedrebeli petre da pavle; gamosaxulebebs axlavs berZnuli warwerebi. zeda registrSi mTavarangelozebis – miqaelisa da
kideebsa da Sida sivrces avsebs foTlovan-yvavilovani ornamenti; qveda frTaze moTavsebul gabrielis – gamosaxulebebia. moWedil ydaze aSiad miuyveba mcenareuli ornamenti. ydis zeda
erT-erT warweraSi ixsenieba momgebeli ioavane mtbevari. moWedili yda gakeTebuli unda iyos da qveda frTaze ikiTxeba asomTavruli warwera. metalis yda aRadgines XVII-XVIII ss.; moWedil
beqa opizaris mier; tyavis fenaze fragmentebi dakrulia XVIII s-is restavraciis Sedegad. yda ydas aqvs oTxi Sesakravi: ori wina kideze, TiTo gverdiTa kideebze. xelnawers erTvis gviandeli
ganaxlebulia solomon I-is meuRlis, mariam dedoflis, iniciativiT. restavratoris anderZi.
tbeTis oTxTavi. XII s. oTxTavi. XII-XIII ss.

yda: XII, XVIII ss., zoma: 28×20,5 sm. yda: XIV, XVII-XVIII ss., zoma: 24×17 sm.
Weduri ydis ostati: beqa opizari A 516
Q 929

vercxliT moWedili tyavis yda; dazianebuli; ydis zeda frTaze bajaRlos oqros bude Semkulia Zvirfasi TvlebiT (zurmuxti, safironi
gamosaxulia jvarcma, tradiciulad, RvTismSoblis, ioane maxareblisa da lali). zeda frTaze gamosaxulia macxovari, qvedaze ki – wm. giorgi.
da angelozebis fonze; qveda frTaze gvxvdeba aRdgomis siuJeti; yuaze zeda frTis kideze miuyveba zurmuxtebisa da rTuli yvavilovan-
gvxvdeba oTxi maxarebeli; ikvreba ori metalis masiuri SesakraviT, mcenareuli ornamentebisagan Semdgari aSiebis uwyveti mwkrivi, aseve yuasa
romlebzec angelozebia gamosaxuli; aSiad akravs yvavilovani naxatis da qveda frTis aSiaze gamoyenebulia foTlovan-yvavilovani ornamentebi.
Semcveli ornamenti, romelic gaformebulia Zvirfasi TvlebiT. wignis wina mxare dafarulia moWedili metaliT; moWedilobis qveS
Cans xeze gadakruli yavisferi tyavi. xis dafebze Signidan gamokrulia
gelaTis oTxTavi. XII s. Sindisferi abreSumis qsovili; aqvs saniSne, Semkuli FfiruziTa da
yda XVI s., zoma 26,8×18,5 sm.
margalitebiT.
Q 908
oTxTavi. XVI s.
yda: XVI-XVII ss., zoma: 12,5×9,5 sm.
A 482

vercxlis moWedili yda; zeda frTaze gamosaxulia jvarcma, vercxliT moWedili tyavis yda. furclebis CamonaWeric (samive mxridan)
qveda frTaze – RvTismSobeli yrmiT, kuTxeebSi oTxi maxarebeli; dafarulia vercxlisave firfitebiT da ikvreba kbilanebiT. ydis
ikiTxeba mTavruliT Sesrulebuli warwerebi. zedapirze gvxvdeba tradiciuli Tema – jvarcmis kompozicia. qristes
zemoT asomTavruliT amokveTilia ganmartebiTi warwera: `meufeo, Zeo~.
oTxTavi. 1543 w. qveda frTaze jojoxeTis wartyvevna, foTlovani ornamentebiT. mooqrul
yda: XVII s., zoma: 20,5×15 sm.
vercxlis ydaze XIX s. 20-ian wlebSi amoukveTavT warwera, romelSic
H 2806
ixseniebian zurab wereTeli, misi meuRle, dadaianis asuli Tamari da Ze
maTi grigoli, meuRliT, ZiT da asuliT.
oTxTavi. 1687 w.
yda: XVII s., zoma: 15,5×10,6 sm.
Q 911

vercxlis moWedili yda; zedaze – jvarcma, qarTuli ganmartebiTi warweriT oqros moWedili yda, Semkulia tixruli
(ì~n m~i~: iesu nazareveli, meufe iudevelTa). RvTismSoblisa da ioane minanqriT; zeda frTaze aRdgomis
maxareblis TanxlebiT: qvedaze ki jojoxeTis wartyvevna. siuJeti palmis totebis siuJeti, kuTxeebSi oTxi maxarebli,
fonzea; ydas gaaCnia qarTulad Sesrulebuli ganmartebiTi warwerebi; CarCod qvedaze ki gvxvdeba medalioni jvarcmis
gamoyenebulia jaWvuri ornamenti. yuaze ki foTlovan-yvavilovani aqcentebi; gamosaxulebiT, kuTxeebSi oTxi
SemorCenilia metalis erTi Sesakravi. Wedurobis qveS Cans Txeli, tyavgadakruli winaswarmetyvelis. Mmetalis ydas gaaCnia
xis dafebi, forzacad gamoyenebulia xelnaweris qaRaldi. ganmartebiTi warwerebi; xelnaweri inaxeba
Zvirfasi mZivebiT naqarg qisaSi.
oTxTavi. XVII-XVIII ss.
yda: XVII-XVIII ss., zoma: 6×5 sm. oTxTavi. XVIII s.
H 2266 yda: XVIII s., zoma: 6×4,5 sm
H 1693

vercxlis mooqruli luskuma. centrSi
gamosaxulia vedrebis kompozicia,
medalionis zemoT gvxvdeba Ggvirgvini
kuTxeebSi maxarebelTa reliefuri
gamosaxulebebiT. qvemoT ki jvarcma, aseve
maxarebelTa gamosaxulebebiT, romelTac
aqvT rusuli ganmartebiTi warwerebi:
petre, pavle, iakobi, andria; wina kideze
amokveTilia warwera, daTariRebuli 1776
weliT. Lluskuma ikvreba vercxlis ori
SesakraviT. tipuri rusuli yda. xelnaweri
solomon I-is kuTvnileba iyo.
vercxliT moWedili, TvlebiT Semkuli oTxTavi. XVII-XVIII ss.

farCagadakruli yda. zeda frTa yda: 1776 w. zoma: 8,5×13 sm.
gaformebulia zurmuxtisa da lalis Q 901
TvlebiT, romlebic ydis zedapirze
ganulagebiaT baRCebad, qveda frTaze
gvxvdeba jvarcma, RvTismSoblisa da
menelsacxeble dedis gamosaxulebiT;
yua gaformebulia metalze amokveTili
vardulebiTa da foTlovani aqcentebiT;
aqvs Ria feris Zafebisagan dawnuli
kaptalebi, dafarulia metaliT. Signidan
ydaze dakrulia cisferi qsovili;
furclebis CamonaWeri oqrotvifrulia.
xelnaweris momgebelia domenti vercxlis mooqruli yda. zeda frTaze
kaTalikosi. centrSi aRdgomis siuJeti, kuTxeebSi
maxarebelTa gamosaxulebebi. ydaze
oTxTavi. 1714 w.
gamoyenebulia ferweruli minanqris
yda: XVIII s., zoma: 6,5×4,5 sm.
teqnika. qveda frTaze gvxvdeba jvarcmis
A 1097
kompozicia sevadiT Sesrulebuli;
vercxlis budes aqvs Sesakravi wminda
petresa da pavles gamosaxulebebiT; yuaze
gvxvdeba bibliuri simboloebi. kaptals
faravs angelozebis gamosaxulebebi;
kideebis CamonaWeri oqrotvifrulia;
metalis yda gakeTebulia ruseTSi.
oTxTavi. 1792 w.
yda: XIX s., zoma: 9×6 sm.
H 1689

mooqruli vercxlis moWedili
yda; ydis zeda frTaze gvxvdeba
jojoxeTis wartyvevna, qveda frTaze
ki – jvarcma. moWedil budes axlavs
tvifruli tyavis fragmenti (tvifris
saxe TiTqmis waSlilia), Zlier
dazianebuli. tyavi muqi yavisferia.
yuaze SemorCenilia akinZvis Sedegad
datovebuli Sekervis kvali. aseve
SemorCenilia oqromkednarevi farCis
fragmenti. furclebis CamonaWeri
samive mxridan dafarulia mooqruli
metaliT, romelzec gamosaxulia
foTlovan-yvavilovani ornamenti.
oTxTavis moWediloba. XIX s.

yda: XIX s., zoma: 8,5×5,5 sm.
Q 926
zedapirze warmodgenilia aRdgomis gansxvavebuli inter-

firuzebiT Semkuli, mooqruli vercxlis yda; Weduri ydis orive mxare Semkulia
ornamentebiTa da figuruli gamosaxulebebiT. gamoirCeva zeda frTis centralur pretacia, romelzec asaxulia ara jojoxeTidan gamosv-
nawilSi warmodgenili sxvadasxva formisa da zomis firuzebisagan Sedgenili la, aramed, konkretulad, macxovris saflavidan aRdgo-
jvari; ydis zeda da qveda mxares miuyveba foTlovan-yvavilovani ornamentisagan ma (ydas XVI s. aTariReben). warmodgenili siuJeti gviani
Semdgari aSia; Sida sivrcis oTxive kuTxeSi ki medalionebSi Casmuli angelozebis xanis xelnawerTa Weduri ydebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.
gamosaxulebebia. isini jvris formisgan gamoyofilia samsWvalebiT damagrebuli rac Seexeba tyavis zedapiris Weduri elementebiT
patara firuzis Tvlebis talRovani rigiT. zurgis mxares saSualo zomis qristes
Semkobas, amgvari tradicia Tavs iCens XIV saukunidan:
mooqruli gamosaxulebaa. mis zemoT damagrebulia firuzis xuTi Tvlisagan
oTxTavi A-499, jruWi pirveli H-1660; gansakuTrebuli
Sedgenili jvari. furclebis CamonaWerzec aqa-iq SeimCneva oqrovarayi; qveda
frTaze ikiTxeba mxedruliT amokveTili warwera, daTariRebuli 1873 wliT. sixSiriT igi Cndeba XVI-XVII ss-Si, rodesac feodaluri
xelnaweri ekuTvnoda dadianebis ojaxs. Yyda ganicdis evropul gavlenas. saxlebis warmomadgenlebi aqtiurad erTvebian sagange-
bod moxatuli Zveli xelnaweri wignebis dacva-restavra-
pirvelnabeWdi saxareba. 1709 w.
ciis saqmeSi; sxvaTa Soris, swored am xelaxla moWedil
yda: 1873 w., zoma: 27,5×20 sm.
RAR 57 (Zv.#Q Q 912)
ydebs, rig SemTxvevaSi, amkobdnen Zveli elementebiTac.

tyavisa da metalis kombinirebuli yda; wina kideze aqvs muqi metalisa da tyavis kombinirebuli tvifruli yda. ydis zeda frTaze gamosaxulia
yavisferi tvifrebiT gaformebuli sarqveli, Wreli kaptali. yuaze postamentze aRmarTuli jvari. ganirCeva wnuli ornamentiT Sesrulebuli
amotvifrulia xazebi. aqvs `grekaJis~ teqnika, SeimCneva Sekervis sabordiure da oTxkuTxedi Semavsebeli tvifri. qveda frTaze Sida sivrces
reliefuri adgilebi. ikvreba ori wiTeli kustarulad gakeTebuli avsebs ramdenime saxis sabordiure tvifri. zeda frTaze, ydis ganaxlebis mizniT
TasmiT, Tanadrouli dakargulia. daukravT vercxlis samsWvalebiT Sedgenili jvari, gamouyenebiaT naxevradZvirfasi
Zowis Tvlebi (SemorCenilia mxolod erTi qva). aseve dakrulia ori saSualo zomis
oTxTavi. XII-XIII ss. jvari, metalis detalebi. yua amotvifrulia, kaptali – gacveTili. xis dafebze
yda: XIV-XV ss., zoma: 20×15 sm.
(Sida mxares) dakrulia vardisfri qsovili.
A 499
jruWis I oTxTavi. 936 w.
yda: XVI s. (ganaxlebulia XVII s-Si), zoma: 25,5×20 sm.
H 1660

yavisferi tyavgadakruli tvifruli yda (xis dafebi Txelia, romlebic tyavisa da metalis kombinirebuli yda. zeda frTaze qristes ferweruli
CamoWrilia xelnaweris furclis pirze); wina kide dafarulia amotvifruli gamosaxuleba Casmulia vercxlis Wedur, Zvirfasi TvlebiT Semkul CarCoSi.
tyavis sarqveliT; ydis zedapirze gamoyenebulia wnuli naxatis Semcveli zeda frTaze Casmulia wm. Ggiorgis XI-XII ss-is tixruli minanqriT Sesrulebuli
oTkuTxedi Semavsebeli tvifri, aseve yvavilovan naxats qmnis dekoratiuli gamosaxuleba. ydis zeda mxareze amokveTilia asomTavruli warwera saxarebidan; qveda
burTulebisa da ovaluri moyvanilobis tvifrebis kombinacia; yua frTaze Ggamosaxulia RvTismSobeli yrmiT. ferweruli gamosaxuleba TiTqmis waSlilia
amotvifrulia, gluvi; forzacad gamoyenebulia TeTri qaRaldi; tyavis (aqa-iq SemorCenilia oqrovarayi); ydas aqvs sarqveli; yvela niSnis mixedviT TariRdeba
amotvifrul ydaze mogvianebiT daukravT (XVII s.) metalis xatebi, jvrebi, XVII s-iT, mihyveba levan dadianis saxelosnoSi Sesrulebuli xatebis xelweras.
firfitebi, hkidia mcire zomis zanzalakebi da xelis mtevnis moyvanilobis
firfitebi. oTxTavi (alaverdis). 1054 w.
yda: XVII s., zoma: 24,5×18,5 sm.
oTxTavi. XVI s. A 484
yda: XVI s. (ganaxlebulia XVII s-Si), zoma: 20,5×15 sm.
A 502

swored aseT SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme XVII s-Si moWedil
alaverdis oTxTavis ydaze, romelic unda Seqmniliyo sa-
megrelos mTavar levan dadianis uzrunvelyofiT missa-
ve saxelosnoSi. ydis erT-erT samkaulad gamoyenebulia
XI s-is minanqruli gamosaxuleba.
XVIII-XIX ss. 30-ian wlebSi gadawerili xelnaweri wig-
nebis ydebi ganviTarebis mxriv sruliad gansxvavdebian
adreuli (X-XVI ss.) da gardamavali (XVII s.) periodis yde-
bisagan.
XVIII s-Si wignis ydis garegnuli mxare mTlianad
icvleba. xis dafebis daTxelebam da kideebis iribad
moTlam Yyda ufro natifi gaxada. Yam droisaTvis yua
ufro reliefuri xdeba da, erTgvarad, samkaulis daniS
nulebasac iZens wignis sxva elementebTan erTad (kaptali,
forzaci, saniSne, tvifrebi). aris SemTxvevebi rodesac
tvifrze ikiTxeba mkazmvelis saxeli. asoebi, Tavis mxriv,
ornamentis daniSnulebasac asruleben. Mmedalionze ga
mosaxuli ornamentebisa da qarTuli asoebis Serwyma
metyvelebs imaze, rom tvifri damzadebulia saqarT
veloSi da misi avtori qarTveli gravioria. cnobilia
CaCikaSvilebis ovaluri medalioni. Aam periodis qar
Tuli xelnaweri da ZvelnabeWdi wignebisTvisac, damaxa
siaTebelia ydis zedapiris sada gaformeba. rogorc wesi,
qarTuli wignis ydis gaformebisas yuradReba eqceva
ydis centralur ares, kuTxeebs, kideebs, xolo ydis
Sida sivrcis didi nawili (tyavi) ki rCeba Tavisufali,
romelzec aqa-iq SeiZleba Segvxvdes `Semavsebeli~
tvifrebis sada, zogjer `kombinirebuli~ saxec ki, magram Ria yavisferi tyavgadakruli tvifruli xis yda (xis dafebi iribadaa moTlili); zeda
mkzmveli, yvela SemTxvevaSi, cdilobs ar gadatvirTos frTa msgavsia qvedasi. gamoyenebulia dekoratiuli rkali, foTlovan-yvavilovani
tyavis ydis zedapiri. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac ydaze da waisruli formis mcenareuli ornamentisagan Semdgari centraluri tvifri; aqvs
ori metalis Sesakravi; furclebis kideebis CamonaWeri SeRebilia wiTlad. yuaze
gamoyenebulia ori an sami tvifris kombinacia, magram
reliefuria Sekervis adgilebi, amotvifrulia yvavilovani aqcentebi. forzacad
mkazmveli axerxebs ise ganalagos tvifrebi ydis zeda
gamoyenebulia cisferi qaRaldi. aqvs dawnuli kaptali.
pirze, rom mnaxvels uCndeba mravalsaxovnebis gancda. es
cvlilebebi qarTul wignebis ydebze moitana drom, rac Jamni. 1738 w.
gamowveulia qarTul kulturaze evropuli xelovnebis yda: XVIII s., zoma: 16×11 sm.
H 15
gavleniT.

Savi feris tyavgadakruli tvifruli yda; iribad moTlili xis dafebi Savi feris oqrotvifruli xis yda (xis dafebi iribadaa moTlili); ydis
dafarulia tyaviT: miuyveba ormagi aSia (mcenareuli da dekoratiuli zedapirs aSiad miuyveba calmagi dekoratiuli naxevarrkali; centrSi macxovris
rkalis Semcveli), zedaze frTis centrSi gvxvdeba jvarcma, qvedaze ki – gamosaxulebaa, kuTxeebSi – oTxi maxarebeli; Tavisufal adgils avsebs folovan-
RvTismSobeli yrmiT. kuTxeebSi gamosaxuli arian maxareblebi. yvavilovani da varduli tipis tvifrebi. furclebis CamonaWeri mooqrovilia.
yuaze reliefuria Sekervis adgilebi, gaformebuli foTlovani aqcentebiTa da wigni ikvreboda ori metalisTaviani SesakraviT; xelnawerze darTul anderZidan
ovaluri damRiT, ikiTxeba – SHI; gaaCnia Wreli Zafebisagan dawnuli kaptali; vigebT, rom wigni XVIII s-mde orgzis CausvamT YydaSi.
forzacad gamoyenebulia TeTri WvirniSniani qaRaldi; xelnaweris momgebelia
giorgi batoniSvili. oTxTavi. XII-XIII ss.
yda: XVIII s-is 60-iani ww., zoma: 25,4×18,8 sm.
ioane oqropiri, ioanes saxarebis Targmaneba. 1768 w. Q 883
yda: XVIII s., zoma: 32,5×22,3 sm.
H 3

muqi yavisferi oqrotvifruli yda (xis
dafebi Txelia, iribadaa moTlili); ydis
zedapirze gamoyenebulia foTlovan-
yvavilovani ornamentebi; qveda frTis
centrSi amotvifrulia varduli tipis
medalioni, romelzec mxedruliT ikiTxeba:
`zosime~; yuaze reliefuria Sekervis
4 adgili, amotvifruli; Zafebisagan
dawnul kaptalebs faravs yuidan
gadmosuli tyavi.
oTxTavi. XVII s. Y
yda: XVIII s., zoma: 12×8,5 sm.
H 2127
yavisferi tyavgadakruli muyaos TeTri feris tyavgadakruli oqrotvifruli yda (xis dafebi iribadaa
oqrotvifruli yda; karg mdgomareobaSi; moTlili); aSiad miuyveba maqmanis magvari nazi ornamenti. zeda frTis
zeda frTaze amotvifrulia ovalur centrSi gvxvdeba jvarcmis siuJeti, qvedaze ki – RvTismSobeli ymiT; Yyuaze
medalionSi Casmuli jvarcma, qvedaze reliefuria Sekervis adgilebi, romelTa Soris amotvifrulia mcire zomis
ki – ovalur medalionSi gamosaxulia mcenareuli ornamentis Semcveli rombisa da kuTxis tvifrebi Y(ikiTxeba
ori adamianis figura mdgomare pozaSi, ganmartebiTi warwera laTinuri asoebiT); aqvs zolebiani qsovilis kaptali,
erT-erTi maTgani nimbosania. kuTxeebSi forzacebad gamoyenebulia XIX s-is marmarilos qaRaldi; wigni ikvreba ori
amotvifrulia qerubimebi. kaptali ar metalisTaviani tyavis TasmiT; Kkideebis CamonaWeri oqrotvifrulia.
aqvs. furclebis CamonaWeri daWrelebulia;
mcire zomis wigni Cadebulia farCisgan oTxTavi. 1719 w.
damzadebul budeSi; yda ganicdis evropul yda: XIX s-is II nax., zoma: 14,5×10 sm.
gavlenas. Q 85
daujdomeli. 1747 w.
yda: XIX s., zoma: 5×3,5 sm.
Q 369

Ria feris oqrotvifruli xis yda.
zeda frTaze amotvifrulia jvari,
qvedaze – barZimi. yuaze gvxvdeba
laTinuri asoebiT amitvifruli
ganmartebiTi warwera.
sagalobelTa krebuli.
Wil-etrati. IX s.
yda: XIX s., zoma: 12×10 sm.
H 2123
wiTeli feris tyavgadakruli

oqrotvifruli muyaos yda; ydis
zedapirs kideze miuyveba ormagi
aSia: I. Mcenareuli ornamentis uwyvet
mwkrivs warmoadgens, II. Mmaqmanis
msgavss. kuTxeebSi gamoyenebulia
dekoratiuli Semavsebeli tvifrebi,
xelnaweri Casmulia muqmwvane feris oqrotvifrul muyaos ydaSi; aSiad
centrSi amotvifrulia gansxivebuli
miuyveba dekoratiuli jaWviseburi ornamenti, kuTxeebSi TiTo yvavilovan-
jvari, Tavze gvirgviniT, romelsac
mcenareuli aqcentia, yua – amotvifruli; yuaze Cadgmulia wiTeli tyavi,
akravs mcire zomis dekoratiuli
romelzec ikiTxeba rusuli ganmartebiTi warwera; aqvs Rrmad Camjdari
burTulebi. qveda frTaze aSiebi
kaptali; forzacad gamoyenebulia XIX s-is Wreli qaRaldi, furclebis
igivea, centrSi gamosaxulia gvirgvini;
CamonaWeri oqrotvifrulia; xelnaweri restavrirebulia XIX s-Si; tipuri
yua amotvifrulia; kaptali ar gaaCnia;
eEvropuli yda.
forzacad gamoyenebulia XIX s.
cisferi sqeli qaRaldi; furclebis wigni devs tyavgadakrul tvifrul muyaos budeSi; aSiad miuyveba maqmanis
kideebis CamonaWeri oqrotvifrulia. msgavsi ornamenti; sadResaswaulo. XVIII s.
tipuriE evropuli yda. yda: XIX s., zoma: 20×15 sm.
A 1491
meqorwineTa yuradReba. XVIII s.
yda: XIX s., zoma: 16,5×10,7 sm.
Q 1484

24. maWavariani e. mxedruli damwerlobis adreuli nimuSebi: mravalTavi, III, Tb., 1973
25. maWavariani e. qarTuli anbanis grafikuli safuZvlebi, Tb., 1982
26. maWavariani e. qarTuli xelnawerebi, Tb., 1970
27. paleografiuli Ziebani. krebuli, N1-2, Tb., 1965-1969
28. patariZe r. qaRaldis damuSavebis sakiTxisaTvis feodalur saqarTveloSi: paleografiuli Ziebani,
1, 1965
29. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. yofili saeklesio muzeumis
xelnawerebi (A koleqcia), Tb.: t. 1 (1), el. metrevelis redaqciiT – 1973; t. 1 (2) el. metrevelis
zogadi bibliografia redaqciiT – 1976; t. 1 (3), el. metrevelis redaqciiT – 1980; t. 1 (4) el. metrevelis radaqciiT
– 1985; t. 2 (1), el metrevelis redaqciiT – 1986; t. 2 (2) m. qavTarias redaqciiT – 2003, t. 4, k.
kekeliZis redaqciiT – 1954; t. 5 k. kekeliZis redaqciiT – 1955
30. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. saqarTvelos saistorio-saeT-
nografio sazogadoebis yofili muzeumis (H) koleqcia. Tb., t. 1, il. abulaZis xelmZRvenelobiTa
da redaqciiT – 1947; t. 2, il. abulaZis redaqciiT – 1946; t. 3, k. kekeliZis redaqciiT– 1948; t.
4, k. kekeliZis redaqciiT – 1950, t. 5, a. baramiZis redaqciiT –1949; t. 6, a. baramiZis redaqciiT –
1953
1. abulaZe i. weris xelovnebasTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime Zveli qarTuli termini: Tsu Sromebi, 31. fsalmunni. axali Sesworebuli gamocema moamzada ediSer WeliZem, Tb., 2002
XXXIX, Tb., 1950 32. fsalmunis Zveli qarTuli redaqciebi, X-XIII ss. xelnawerebis mixedviT, gamosca mz. SAaniZem, Tb.,
2. abulaZe i. qarTuli weris nimuSebi (paleografiuli albomi), Tb., 1973 1960
3. abulaZe T. vaxtang VI-is mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweoba, mecniereba, Tb., 1990. 33. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. muzeumis axali (Q) koleqcia.
4. araqeliani b. kinZvis xelovneba Suasaukuneebis somxeTSi: matenadaranis moambe, 4, erevani 1958 il. abulaZis redaqciiT, Tb., t. 1 – 1957; t. 2 – 1958; t. 3, m. qavTarias redaqciiT – ibeWdeba
(somxur enaze) 34. saqarTvelos ssr mecn. akademia, QquTaisis saxelmwifo istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi, xelnaw-
5. axali aRmoCenebi sinis mTaze. qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. Seadgines: z. aleqsiZem, m. SaniZem, erTa aRweriloba. Tb., I, k. kekeliZis redaqciiT – 1960; II m. nikoleiSvilis redaqciiT, – 1964
l. xevsurianma da m. qavTariam. aTeni, 2005 (berZnul-qarTul-inglisuri katalogi). 35. surgulaZe m. Zveli qarTuli paleografiuli terminebi, Tb., 1978
6. axalcixis muzeumis xelnawerTa aRweriloba. el. metrevelis redaqciiT, Tb. 1987 36. qavTaria m. daviT garejis literaturuli skola, Tb., 1965
7. berZnuli samarTali vaxtang VI samarTlis wignTa krebulidan. teqstebi gamosca, gamokvleva, 37. qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. aTonuri koleqcia, el. metrevelis redaqciiT, I, Tb., 1986
leqsikoni da terminTa saZiebeli daurTo T. bregaZem, Tb., 1964 38. qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. yofili qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazoga-
8. gamyreliZe al. uZvelesi qarTuli warwerebis aRmoCena palestinaSi: `literaturuli gazeTi~, N dobis (S) koleqciisa. el. metrevelis redaqciiT, Tb.: t. 1 – 1959; t. 2 – 1961; t. 3– 1963; t. 4 – 1965,
24, 15. XI. 1956 t. 5 – 1967; t. 6 – 1966; t. 7 – 1973
9. gamyreliZe T. weris anbanuri sistema da Zveli qarTuli damwerloba. anbanuri weris tipologia 39. qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. sinuri koleqcia. el. metrevelis redaqciiT Tb., nakv. 1 – 1978;
da warmomavloba, Tb., 1989 nakv. 2 – 1979; nakv. 3 – 1987
10. gvaxaria al. ìosebzilixanianis~ qarTuli versiebis sparsuli wyaroebi, Tb., 1958 40. qajaia l. gankveTilobis niSnebi Zvel qarTul xelnawerebSi: paleografiuli Ziebani, 1, 1965
11. goris saxelmwifo istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumis qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. m. qavTar- 41. qajaia l. adiSis oTxTavis redaqciis axlad gamovlenili xanmeti fragmenti: gelaTis mecnierebaTa
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viT (V-XII ss.): mravalTavi, II, Tb., 1973 55. javaxiSvili iv. sinis mTis qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba, Tb., 1947

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ON-LINE ALBUM eleqtronuli albomi

Editor: Nestan Chkhikvadze nestan CxikvaZis redaqciiT

Album consists of four chapters. Common informational texts and photos

qarTuli xelnaweri tradicia 16-saukunovan isto-

qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 7

8 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 9

10 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 11

X saukuneSi ganviTarebulia qarTuli damwerlobis sami-

12 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 13

moralis Semecnebisa da saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro pra- dan fsalmunma, dabadebam da winaswarmetyvelTa (iere-

14 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 15

16 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 17

18 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 19

20 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 21

mravalTavebSi gaerTianebuli Txzulebebi ume-

22 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 23

iranisa da Semdgom ki muslim arabTa mZime zewolis pi-

24 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 25

himnografiul da agiografiul krebulebSi Targmnili

26 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 27

zantiur sivrceSi arsebuli mxatvruli motivebis aTvi- varskvlavis formis niSnebi.

sebisa da gadamuSavebis Sedegad daixvewa. X s.

28 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 29

Cndeba qarTvelTa gaqristianebis qronika: `moqceva¡ qa-

30 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 31

32 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 33

34 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 35

36 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 37

38 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 39

40 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 41

42 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 43

44 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 45

X-XI ss. 978 w.

46 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 47

48 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 49

50 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 51

1031 w. asomTavruliTa da singuriT. Semkulia sworxazovani TavsamkaulebiTa da sazedao asoebiT.

52 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 53

54 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 55

56 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 57

58 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 59

60 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 61

62 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 63

64 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 65

66 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 67

68 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 69

velad nabeWd wignSi gadainacvla. beWduri produqciis

70 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 71

72 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 73

74 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 75

76 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 77

78 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 79

80 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 81

82 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 83

84 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 85

86 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 87

88 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 89

Sua saukuneebis qarTul saero xelnawerebSi war­

90 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 91

92 qarTuli xelnaweri wigni qarTuli xelnaweri wigni 93

Sua saukuneebis qarTul saero xelnawerebSi war