RETHINKING FISHERMEN COMMUNITY RECYCLE REUSE REDUCE

SOCIO-ECONOMIC UPLIFTING OF FISHERMEN COMMUNITY AT COASTAL AREA, KATTALI ONE MAN’S TRASH IS ANOTHER MAN’S CONDO
EXISTING SITE PROPOSED SITE HOUSING PLASTIC BOTTLE VILLAGE
SITE INFORMATION SITE SURROUNDINGS DEMOGRAPHIC DATA SITE LOCATION DEFINITION WHY PLASTIC BOTTLES? PLASTIC BOTTLES AS CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
Use of solid waste in construction is gaining its popularity among en- Though the most basic component for construction are burnt clay brick, sand, stone, cement, steel, concrete, timber etc., the practice of
The construction and assigned usage of houses or buildings collectively, for the purpose of sheltering people.
vironmentalists and other researchers in the field of low-cost housing. using these traditional material contributes to degradation of topsoil and continuous exploitation on environment…18 times stronger
It is one of the most important elements in our lives and community. It is both shelter and a link to the
Plastic bottle waste has been used as an alternative to conventional •Being non-biodegradable substance in nature, solid waste like plastic, glass and metals takes more than 500 years to degrade if left un-
neighborhood and larger community.
construction materials like brick, in construction of small dwelling units. handled without proper disposal.
Though this technique was started since the year 2000 in Honduras, sub- •Moreover, the construction method requires little or no skills and training saving up the labour cost to some extent.
The definition provided by Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director General of World Health Organization,
sequently it has widely spread to other developing countries.
is as follows:
“The quality of housing has major implications for people’s health. Housing in cities is of particular concern,
POTENTIAL OF PLASTIC BOTTLE IN CONSTRUCTION BASIC CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Zahur Ahmed Stadium Bangladesh Customs Excise & Vat Training

with the world’s urban population predicted to double by 2050 and, with it, the demand for housing. Raising
housing standards is therefore a key pathway for providing healthy housing conditions and improving health Some private organization has been using plastic bottle waste for construction of school, hospital and even bigger projects like bridge, wells etc. in different parts of the This construction require some of the basic materials which ensures a stable, eco friendly structure and also results
and well-being for all.” world. For construction, the plastic bottles are usually filled with dry soil or sand or construction waste and compacted till the brim and sealed. The bottles are laid simi- in cheap construction as compared to brick wall. Materials uses for Bottlewall masonry construction are:
lar to normal method and each bottle is tied with nylon fish net to strengthen the structure. Sources reveal that such structures can withstand harsh climates such as cy- 1. Soil

Hazrat Gosul Azam Jame Mosque South Kattali Beach TYPES OF HOUSING clones and strong winds. Recent study by Patrick San Francesco, founder of Samarpan Foundation from India addressed a speech during UN Academic Impact Symposium
held on September 11, 2015, and talked about an experiment results on prototype plasticbottle house that could withstand seismic activity of 9.8 on Richter scale. More-
2. Plastic
3. Cement

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
BANGLADESH CHITTAGONG KATTALI
• Located on the Western side of Chit- Based on configuration: Based on length of stay: Based on affordability: over, the cost of plastic bottle masonry of single dwelling unit with carpet area of 37 m2 was found to be 30% less than compared to brick masonry. It is evident that plastic 4. Nylon rope
• A South Asian country • Chittagong has a
tagong • Detached housing • Permanent housing • Affordable housing bottle has enough potential and importance in construction of low-cost dwelling units and can be appropriate for low-cost housing. 5. Water
marked by lush green- population of 7.6 mil- KATTALI
Single Duplex Triplex Multiplex Side Stacked

STRENGTH OF BOTTLE BRICKS COST CALCULATION

detached attached Rowhouse

ery and many water- lion, of which 54.3% • Rich area consisting of sea beach and From grazing land to a mangrove forest apart • The survey was conducted among the fishermen of which (50%) were • A flat land of 150 acres. • Semi detached housing • Transitional housing • Subsidized housing
ways. are literate. grazing land of the Kattali sea beach lying on the western male and (25%) female (25%) (Fig. 2). • A canal, of 60’ width, runs through the lower one-third of the area. • Terraced housing (row housing) • Short-term or temporary • Market-rate housing
• Eighth-most populat- • 86.9% of the popula- • Mangrove forests on the South-West- fringe of Chittagong city has gone through this • Generally, women were involved in household works and they could not • A farm house consisting of 50 acres covers the lower third of the area. • Apartment Small
Apartment
Low-rise
Apartment
Mid-rise
Apartment
Apartment
over
Commercial
High-rise
Apartment housing • Emergency shelter The compressive strength of bottle bricks increases with the size of the bottle as shown in the chart below. De- Cost of waste PET bottle= Tk.8/kg. Cost of sand used in 1 bottle = 0.862×0.11718= Tk. 0.10
ed country in the world tion identifies as Mus- ern edge protect the area from the large amazing transformation in the last three de- afford to go out for fishing in a large scale due to trafficking and others • A 120’ road runs along the West edge of the area, which is under construction. pending on the structure to be constructed and the anticipated load, plastic bottle bricks offer a range of options. Avg. wt. of a 500ml PET bottle = 28gms. No. of bottles in Labor cost = Tk. 300 per day per laborer
with almost 2.2% of the lim, 11% as Hindu and waves of the ocean social problems.

HOUSING STANDARDS
cades, making itself one of the prospective • There is an 80’ wide road which connects to the 120’ road on the Southern edge. 1 Kg. = (1000÷28) ~ 36 A total of 150 bottles can be filled in one day by one la-
world’s population. 1.5% as Buddhist. tourist hotspots. • On the other hand, male were free from those barriers and engaged • A railway runs along the Eastern edge of the area, adjacent to which is a 60’ road. Cost of 1 500 ml PET bottle = Tk. 8 ÷ 36 =Tk. 0.22 borer

CHRONOLOGICAL CHANGES SITE SURROUNDINGS

themselves in fishing. Cost of sand to be filled:Cost of 3m3sand = Tk. 450 Cost Cost of filling 1 bottle = Tk. 2.00
SANITARY FACILITIES SITE
• Elevated from its surroundings.
SETBACK
• It is the open space all around the house which al-
of 1m3 sand= Tk. 150
Bulk density of sand is 1.28 ton/m3 So, weight of 1m3
Therefore, total cost of a bottle brick= cost of empty
bottle+ cost of sand + cost of labor
15% of fishermen had
• Independent access to a street of adequate width. lows proper ventilation and lightening sand= 1280kg = Tk. (0.22 + 0.10 + 2.00)
semi pucca (ring) toilet,
80% of fishermen had
• Away from breeding places of mosquitoes and flies. • In rural areas - should not exceed one third of total Cost of 1kg sand = 150÷1280= Tk. 0.11718 = Tk.2.32
Calculation of Profit: Cost of a brick = Tk. 7.5 Cost of a
CLUSTER PLAN
• Away from nuisances such as dust, smoke, smell, area SCALE: 1/32”=1’-0”
katcha toilet made by
excessive noise and traffic. • In urban areas- allowed up to two-third of total Total cost of bottle brick: Avg. wt. of empty bottle= bottle brick = Tk. 2.32
bamboo, polythene,
• Should be in pleasant surrounding. area 28gms So, profit = Tk. (7.5- 2.32) = Tk.5.18
leaves, soil etc.

CLUSTER DETAILS
• Soil should be dry and safe for founding the struc- • The set back should be such that there is no ob- Avg wt. of bottle with sand= 890gms So, wt. of sand in 1
Only 5% of fishermen
ture. struction of lighting and ventilation bottle = 862gms
used pucca toilet for hy-
• Should be well drained. Cost of sand used in 1 bottle = 0.862×0.11718= Tk. 0.10

PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTION
giene facilities

2000 2005 2016 2018 MEDICAL FACILITIES LEGEND

They often suffered from LIVING SPACE PLATFORM TOILET KITCHEN
diarrhoea, cholera, ty- FLOOR ROOF WALLS
• 20% Green Area. • 80% Green Area. • 35% Green Area. • 20% Green Area. phoid, fever, gastric, mal- • Should be pucca and impermeable • Should not be less than 10 feet • Reasonably strong
• 60% Build Area. • 20% Build Area. • 65% Build Area. • 80% Build Area. nutrition etc. • Must be smooth and free from (3 meters) • Should have a low heat capacity
• Quantity of trees was at peak level beside shore. • Quantity of trees was at medium level be- • Quantity of trees can be compared with count- • Quantity of trees was very little at sea-side. It was found that 60% cracks and crevices • In the absence of air-condition- • Smooth and weather resistant
• Mohesh khal was geometrically more fluid at 2000. side shore. ing level beside shore. • Mohesh khal was geometrically more fluid of people received their • It should be damp-proof ing for comfort, should have a • Unsuitable for harbor of rats and
• The “SAGORIKA STADIUM” was not built at that time. • Mohesh khal was geometrically less fluid • Mohesh khal was geometrically more fluid. than 2016. treatment from hospital. • The height of the plinth should be low heat transmittance co-effi- vermin
Proposed Container Bay Terminal Proposed Container Existing Fishermen Housing
• But the area was a field to harvest which was under the than year 2000. • The occupants of North Kattoli was enclosed in • Many resident structures was built. Only 40% took medical fa- Storage
2-3 feet cient. • Not easily damaged
occupants of North Kattoli and South Kattoli. • The “SAGORIKA STADIUM” was built in a congested area. • The water of the sea was so close in distance cility from pharmacy. 120’ Road (Under Construction) 60’ Road (Proposal)
• The water of the sea was at quite a distance but with 2001. • The water of the sea began to collide more but due to toll road and embankment flash COLLECTION FILLING LAYING OF FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION OF WALL
ECONOMICAL ASPECTS
LOW-COST HOUSING
the elimination of trees the sea-level began to rise close • But the area was occupied by the govern- with city structures. flood got reduced .
• Quantity of trees: 10% out of 100 • Quantity of trees: 5% out of 100.

TREES SOLAR BOTTLE BULB

to the city. ment through an agreement. Among 25 fishermen fam-

FIGURE GROUND MAP LAND USE PATTERN DRAINAGE SYSTEM

ilies, almost 10% had their
annual income 50000-
65000 BDT
60% of fishermen had an-
nual income in ranges of
INTRODUCTION BUILDING MATERIALS
65000-80000 BDT Low-income housing, also called affordable hous-
25% had 80000-95000 ing, are housing for individuals or families with low
BDT. incomes. Use of low cost building materials for con- GROUND FLOOR PLAN (CLUSTER-1) GROUND FLOOR PLAN (CLUSTER-2) GROUND FLOOR PLAN (CLUSTER-3) SECTION A-A’ (CLUSTER-1)
SCALE: 1/8”=1’-0” SCALE: 1/8”=1’-0” SCALE: 1/8”=1’-0”
Only 5% fishermen had struction of low cost housing increases the access SCALE: 1/8”=1’-0”

higher income above to buildings by low income group people. Low cost
95000 BDT housing can be achieved by use of efficient planning
and project management, low cost materials, eco-
Ban Pracharath in Bangkok Aranya low cost housing
SOLID VOID
nomical construction technologies and use of alter-
Proposed Location for Fisher- nate construction methods.
men Housing

Existing Fishermen Housing Low Cost Housing Is Required for:

• Rapidly increasing population

ROAD NETWORK • Increasing cost of land

• Rising threshold cost of construction
• Ease of building
PRIMARY ROAD TOILET
• Fulfilling the needs of conventional houses Villa Verde in Chile Belapur housing
(120’-0”) WIDTH

SECONDARY ROAD

CONCEPT
(80’-0”) WIDTH

TERTIARY ROAD (15-

30)’-0” WIDTH
BALD CYPRESS PERSIMMON BUR OAK FIRST FLOOR PLAN (CLUSTER-1)
RAILWAY LINE SITE JUSTIFICATION POLICIES ZONING SCALE: 1/8”=1’-0” FIRST FLOOR PLAN (CLUSTER-2)
SCALE: 1/8”=1’-0” FIRST FLOOR PLAN (CLUSTER-3)
SCALE: 1/8”=1’-0”
SECTION B-B’ (CLUSTER-1)
SCALE: 1/8”=1’-0”

LEGEND: The exisiting area has been classified for

mixed use (MU 02-07) in the District Area
Local transport
(three wheel etc)

Bus
Plan, under DPZ 03. The following is stated in
Car
the DAP for MU 02-07:
CNG

Bi-cycle
“This site is recommended for mixed use. Be-
Truck sides residential use, specialized commercial
activities will be permitted here.”

ICE BOX CONSTRUCTION

Rickshaw

TOPOGRAPHY EXISTING HOUSING

The area allocated for fishermen’s housing in
the DAP is MU 02-08. The following is stated
about MU 02-08 in the DAP:

TYPES
“An area along the coast may be used for
firsh related economic activity. This will in-
clude fishermen’s housing, fish trade and
auction centre. Facilities will be incorporated
to allow tourist facilities. Original owners will
be rehabilitated within the scheme. The au-
thority can motivate local people to develop ROOF PLAN (CLUSTER-3) SECTION A-A’ (CLUSTER-2)
ROOF PLAN (CLUSTER-1) ROOF PLAN (CLUSTER-2)
5’-0” NARROW ROAD

SCALE: 1/8”=1’-0” SCALE: 1/8”=1’-0”

planned housing through their united partici- SCALE: 1/8”=1’-0” SCALE: 1/8”=1’-0”

TEMPLE
pation. Specialized commercial activities and
light industries may be permitted through

CONCEPTUAL DRAWINGS
SHOP
20’ -0” WIDE ROAD
DRINKING WATER SOURCE
proper evaluation of planning commitee.”
POND

However, due to the unforeseen proposal for

SHOP

a new Bay Terminal, the region dictated in

the DAP, i.e. MU 02-08, has been chosen for
container storage. The matter was discussed Bay of Bengal Road Green belt Agricultural land Housing Pathway Pond Green belt Railway
with the CDA and it has been decided that A

EXISTING HOUSE PLANS

02-01 was the perfect candidate for fisher-
men’s housing. Moreover, A 02-01 is much
closer to Rani Rashmoni Ghat than MU 02-
PROGRAMS LIST BUILDING MATERIALS AND COST
The following programs have been decided for the housing project: The materials used for the construction of FOR 2 PEOPLE FAMILY:
08, which is the main gateway for fishermen BOTTLE AND CEMENT: BRICK AND MORTAR:
in the area to access the sea. • Housing for 900 families houses for the lower- income members of
Cost of plinth= 1301 TK Cost of plinth= 1301 TK
• A temple the community are sand-filled plastic bottles
Cost of tin= 4300 TK Cost of CC= 13800TK SECTION A-A’
The area in consideration is classified as an • Training center and cement. This results in a low-cost and
Cost of bottles= 7753 TK Cost of bricks= 25523 TK
agricultural land (A02-01) under DPZ 03. The • Primary school sturdy construction. Canal Green belt Agricultural land Housing Pond Amenities Canal
Cost of cement= 3040 TK Cost of mortar= 4800TK
following is stated in the District Area Plan: • Cold stores Total Cost= 49723TK
Total Cost= 16393 TK
“The government agricultural extension cen- • Fish market
FOR 4 PEOPLE FAMILY: SECTION B-B’ (CLUSTER-2)

CLIMATE ANALYSIS
tre is very rich in agriculture production. This • Grocery shops
BOTTLE AND CEMENT: BRICK AND MORTAR: SCALE: 1/8”=1’-0”

should be retained and developed as Khamar • Dedicated space for pisciculture

Cost of plinth= 1810 TK Cost of plinth= 1810 TK
AXONOMETRIC VIEW 1 (CLUSTER 1) AXONOMETRIC VIEW 1 (CLUSTER 2
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
Bari - a model village centre. Besides’ high Cost of tin= 4800 TK Cost of CC= 17595TK

SOLAR ANALYSIS SEA LEVEL ANALYSIS quality seed production, other innovative
uses (snake farm), may be incorporated to
attract visitors. Visitor facilities may be add-
Cost of bottles= 9376 TK
Cost of cement= 1900 TK
Total Cost= 17886 TK
Cost of bricks= 30868 TK
Cost of mortar= 6120TK
Total Cost= 61193TK
SECTION B-B’

ed. Semi-urban housing built to serve the

CLUSTER ANALYSIS CONSTRUCTION

FOR 6 PEOPLE FAMILY:
centre covering a maximum 10% area. Origi- BOTTLE AND CEMENT: BRICK AND MORTAR:
> > >

B’
North nal landowners shall be rehabilitated within Cost of plinth= 3218 TK Cost of plinth= 3218 TK
Diffused light the zone. The ‘Khamar Bari’, will make posi- For the high-income members of the com- Cost of tin= 5000 TK Cost of CC= 30245TK
NE
tive improvement to the environment.” munity, brick and mortar construction is Cost of bottles= 13785 TK Cost of bricks= 45384 TK
preferred. This results in a higher living stan- Cost of cement= 2660 TK Cost of mortar= 10520TK CORRUGATED SHEET ROOF
NW dard. Total Cost= 24663 TK Total Cost= 94366TK SECTION C-C’

SITE ANALYSIS
Altitude: 1 meter Altitude: 3 meter Altitude: 8 meter Altitude: 9 meter
Result: Area not affected Result: Area not affected Result: Area not affected Result: Area not affected
Ample light
Winter

EXISTING SURROUNDINGS ROAD NETWORK TRAFFIC ANALYSIS NOISE AND VIBRATION SURFACE DRAINAGE PATTERN A A’ BAMBOO TRUSS

AXONOMETRIC VIEW 2 (CLUSTER 1) AXONOMETRIC VIEW 2 (CLUSTER 2) SECTION A-A’ (CLUSTER-3)

120’ Road (Under Belapur Incremental SCALE: 1/8”=1’-0”
Construction) SECTION D-D’
East Altitude: 4 meter Altitude: 5 meter Altitude: 7 meter Altitude: 6 meter
60’ Road E E’ Housing by Charles
West Result: Area not affected Result: Area not affected Result: Area not affected Result: Area not affected
(Proposal)
Correa
Autumn/Spring
WIND FLOW ANALYSIS BOTTLE WALL

D’
Heat gain

B
Noise

D
CEMENT CAPPED PLINTH

MASTER PLAN

C’
SW Summer SE

Prevailing Wind Proposed Fishermen SCALE: 1/64”=1’-0”

SECTION E-E’
Village
Latitude: 22.3567

Longitude: 91.7700
Latitude: 22.3567
BRICK FOUNDATION
Longitude: 91.7700
Month: March
Month: March 80’ Road (Under

C
251 degree
Direction: Direction:
251 degree
Construction)
AXONOMETRIC VIEW 1 (CLUSTER 3)
(West-South-West)

SECTION B-B’ (CLUSTER-3)

(West-South-West)

South Wind speed (max.): 20.7 km/hour Wind speed (max.): 20.7 km/hour

AXONOMETRIC VIEW 2 (CLUSTER 3)

Wind speed (avg.): 12.3 km/hour
SCALE: 1/8”=1’-0”
Wind speed (avg.): 12.3 km/hour