A PAPER PRESENTATION ON

AT
 THANTHAI ROEVER INSTITUTE
OF
POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBMITTED BY,
E.CHENTRAYAPERUMAL
R.SURESH
SECOND YEAR DME.

Abstract

In this modern world due to population exploitation and rapid industrial

development we need lot of energy to survive and to live comfortably. Hence
consumption of energy is more. We have already known that conventional energy is
being reduced in the universe so we need to go or switched to renewable source of
energy. This paper mainly deals on (non-conventional) are renewable source of energy
which are widely available and renewable in the universe. First this paper explains on
Energy and the types of energy and its need. Then it mainly describes about renewable
source of energy and its advantages.
Then this paper present about geo-thermal energy, solar energy, hydro-energy which are
the major renewable source of energy and it explains about its advantages and needs and
its usage for mechanical engineering field. Finally this paper concludes up with nice
quote.
CONTENT:
 Energy

 Types of energy

 Renewable energy

 Types of renewable energy

 Geo-thermal energy

 Solar energy

 Wind energy

 Hydro-power energy
  Uses and advantage of renewable energy.

 Use of renewable energy for Mechanical field

 Conclusion.

Energy:
The ability to do work is known as energy
TYPES OF ENERGY SOURCES:
1. Renewable energy
2. Non-renewable energy

RENEWABLE ENERGY:
• The energy which is renewable in nature and widely available.

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

1. Geo thermal energy
2. Solar energy
3. Wind energy
4. Hydro power energy
5. Tidal energy

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY:
 DEFINITION:
 Geothermal energy comes from within the earth.
 It may be the result of decay of radioactive substances, chemical reaction, friction
from the movement of the continents or heat present when the earth formed.
 "Geothermal” comes from two Greek words:
”Geo”- Earth
“Thermal” - Heat

 Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source.

ENERGY INSIDE THE EARTH

1. Crust - The earth's surface is the crust which is up to 40 miles deep.

2. Mantle - The layer beneath the crust is the mantle which is approximately 1,800 miles

deep. The mantle is made up

of magma (or lava) and rock.

3. Outer Core: The third layer is called the outer core which is made up of iron and
magma.

4. Iron Core: This is the center of the earth which is made up of iron.
USES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

The three main uses are:

1. Direct use and district heating system

2. Electricity generation
3. Geothermal heat pumps

GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS

• It use hydrothermal resources which have two common ingredients: water

(hydro power plants: Nevada) and heat (thermal).
• It requires high temperature (300 to 700 degrees Fahrenheit).
Only three states have geothermal
1. Hawaii
2. California

3. Utah

POWER PLANTS

• DRY STEAM POWERPLANT

• FLASH STEAM POWERPLANT

• BINARY-CYCLE POWERPLANT
DRY STEAM POWER PLANT:

• Dry steam Power Plant uses dry steam typically above 2350c to directly power its
turbine
• Dry steam is steam that contains no water droplets.
• Dry steam plants are the simplest and most economical of geothermal power
plants.
• They emit small amounts of excess steam and gases.

FLASH STEAM PLANTS

• Flash steam plants are the most common type of geothermal power generation
plants in operation today.

• Flash steam power plants use hot water above 1820 c from geothermal reservoirs.

• The high underground keeps the water in the liquid state, as the water is pumped
from the reservoirs to the power plant

BINARY CYCLE

 The water used in binary cycle power plants is cooler than that of flash steam
plants from 1070-1820 c.
  The hot fluid from geothermal reservoirs is passed through a heat exchanger
which transfers heat to a separate pipe containing fluids with a much lower
boiling point.
 These fluids, usually iso-butane or iso-petane.

ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM

 Enhanced geothermal system (egs) also known as hot dry rock systems, involves
pumping water into water into hot dry rock in the earth.
 This type of geothermal system has many advantage over the others as it can be
used anywhere.
 It requires deeper drilling than the other forms of geothermal energy harvesting.

HOT ROCK
 This is done by pumping high pressure water down a bare hole into the heat zone.
 It is a type of geothermal power production that uses the very high temperatures
that can be found in rocks just a few kms below ground.
 The water travels through fractures in the rocks, capturing the heat of the rock.
 This energy is converted into electricity using either a steam turbine or a binary
power plant system.
MERITS
 Geothermal energy offers a number of advantages over traditional fossil fuel
based sources.

 Geothermal proceed can be re-injected into the ground to produce more steam.

 Geothermal Power plants are unaffected by changing weather conditions.

ADVANTAGES

 It does not produce any pollution

 It does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
 The powers do not take up much room, so there is not much impact on the
environment.

SOLAR ENERGY

• Has been recovered; the energy from the sun is practically free. Solar energy has
the greatest potential of all sources of renewable energy.
• Energy comes to the earth from the sun.

• In 1885, Tellier installed a solar collector on his roof similar to the flat-plate
collectors placed atop many homes today for heating domestic water .
• Smith is an adjunct faculty member in the department of technology at
Appalachian state university, and a doctoral candidate in the department of
science and technology studies at Virginia

ADVANTAGES
• It will save you money on your electricity bill if you have one at all.
• Solar does not require any fuel.
• The savings are immediate and for many years to come.
• The initial investment
PRINCIPLES

• Most solar cookers work on basic principles: sunlight is converted to heat

energy that is retained for cooking.

FUEL: SUNLIGHT

• Sunlight is the "fuel." A solar cooker needs an outdoor spot that is sunny
for several hours and protected from strong wind, and where food will be
safe. Solar cookers don't work at night or on cloudy days
.

CONVERT SOLAR ENERGY INTO HEAT ENERGY

 Dark surfaces get very hot in sunlight, whereas light surfaces don't. Food cooks
best in dark, shallow, thin metal pots with dark, tight-fitting lids to hold in heat
and moisture.
RETAIN HEAT
 A transparent heat trap around the dark pot lets in sunlight, but keeps in the heat.

 Curved concentrator cookers typically don't require a heat trap.

CAPTURE EXTRA SUN LIGHT

 One or more shiny surfaces reflect extra sunlight onto the pot, increasing its heat
potential.
WIND ENERGY

 Wind is the natural movement of air across the land or sea.

 Air in the motion is called wind.

 At the end of 2006, worldwide capacity of wind-powered generators was 73.9 gig
watts.

 An example of a wind turbine. The bladed turbine is the most common design of
modern wind turbine because it minimizes forces related to fatigue.
WATER PUMPING WIND MILL

 The wind blowing at 8-10km per hour at a height of 10 meter, rotates the blades
of the windmill, which in turn drives the gear box.
 The gear box increases the speed of rotation and converts the rotary motion into
reciprocating motion.
  The reciprocating motion drives the pump rod which is connected to an
appropriate size of pump at the other end, which pumps the water from the

well/bore well.

WORKING OF A WIND TURBINE

 A wind turbine works the opposite of a fan.

 Instead of using electricity to make wind, a turbine uses wind to make electricity.

 The electricity is sent through transmission and distribution lines to a substation,

then on to homes, business and school…

TYPES OF WIND TURBINE

 Modern wind turbines fall into two basic groups

 The horizontal-axis variety, like the traditional farm windmills used for pumping
water.

 The vertical-axis design, like the eggbeater-style darrieus model.

o Cyclone 500w
o Annual output-750-100kwh*
 o Noise level 39.3db
o Mast height 6mt

APPLICATION
o Boat, balcony etc.,
o Battery pack 3*12/150ah
o Storage capacity 5.4kw
.

Conclusion:
 Today, energy prices are at historic highs. Some analysts estimate that energy
price shocks this year could cost American consumers more than $40 billion.
 To live most comfortably in the world use renewable source of energy.
 Conservation of energy also protects our environment.

Use renewable source of energy to

RENEW WORLD

RENEW LIFE…………………..