Environmental Engg-II

Assignment IV
Q.1 The domestic sewage of a town was tested for total solids and following results were
obtained:

Weight of sample of sewage = 1000 gm.

Weight of solids after evaporation of liquid = 0.952 gm.

Weight of dry residue after ignition = 0.516 gm.

Determine (i) total solids, (ii) fixed solids and (iii) volatile solids.

Q.2 In order to conduct a 5-day BOD test, the sample of wastewater was diluted with
specially prepared dilution water, with a dilution factor of 150. The contents of
dissolved oxygen in the beginning and end of test were found to be 11 ppm and 7 ppm
respectively. Compute the 5-day BOD. What is the nature of the wastewater?

Q.3 Determine the ultimate BOD for a sewage having 5-day BOD at 20˚C as 160 ppm.
Assume the deoxygenating constant as 0.2 per day.

Q.4 For a wastewater sample, 5-day BOD at 20˚C is 200 mg/l and is 67% of the ultimate.
What will be 4-day BOD at 30˚C.

Q.5 In a test for relative stability, the period of incubation comes out to be 8 days. Determine
the relative stability if the test temperature is (a) 20˚C, (b) 37˚C.

Q.6 A stream, saturated with DO, has a flow of 1.2m3/s, BOD of 4 mg/l and rate constant of
0.3 per day. It receives an effluent discharge of 0.25 m3/s having BOD 20mg/l, DO 5
mg/l and rate constant 0.13 per day. The average velocity of flow of the stream is 0.18
m/s. Calculate the DO deficit at point 20 km and 40 km downstream. Assume that the
temperature is 20˚C throughout and BOD is measured at 5 days. Take saturation DO at
20˚C as 9.17 mg/l.

Q.7 A town discharges 80 cumecs of sewage into a stream having a rate of flow of 1200
cumecs during lean days, at a 5-day BOD of sewage at the given temperature is 250
mg/l. Find the amount of critical DO deficit and its location in the downstream portion
of the stream. Assume deoxygenation coefficient K as 0.1 and coefficient of self-
purification (fs) as 3.5. Assume saturation DO at given temperature as 9.2 mg/l.
Q.8 100 cumecs of sewage of a city is discharged in a perennial river which is fully saturated
with oxygen and flows at a minimum rate of 1250 cumecs with a minimum velocity of
0.15 m/sec. If the 5-days BOD of the sewage is 260 mg/l, find out where the critical
DO will occur in the river. Assume:

(i) The coefficient of purification of river as 4.0

(ii) Coefficient of DO as 0.11

and (iii) The ultimate BOD as 125% of the 5-day BOD of the mixture of sewage and river
water.

Q.9 The sewage flows from a primary settling tank to a standard rate trickling filter at a rate
of 5 million litres per day having a 5-day BOD of 150 mg/l. Determine the depth and
the volume of the filter, adopting a surface loading of 2500 l/m2/day and an organic
loading of 165 g/m3/day. Also, determine the efficiency of the filter unit, using NRC
formula.

Q.10 Determine the size of a high rate trickling filter for the following data:

(i) Sewage flow = 5 mLd

(ii) Recirculation ratio = 1.5

(iii) BOD of raw sewage = 230 mg/l

(iv) BOD removal in primary clarifier = 30%

(v) Final effluent BOD desired = 25 mg/l

Q.11 Design an equivalent standard rate filter for the data of the previous question, without
recirculation.

Q.12 Design a high rate single stage trickling filter for treating the following wastewater of a
town having a population of 40000 persons:

(a) Domestic sewage @ 150 lpcd having 200 mg/l of BOD

(b) Industrial wastewater @ 0.25 million litres per day having 600 mg/l of BOD.

Assume the following:

 (i) BOD removal in primary clarifier = 35%
(ii) (ii) Permissible organic loading of filter = 8000 kg/hec-m/day
(excluding recirculated sewage)
(iii) Recirculation ratio = 1.0
(iv) Permissible surface loading = 160 mL/hec/day (including
recirculated sewage)

Also, determine the efficiency of the filter and BOD of the effluent.

Q.13A single stage filter is designed for an organic loading of 10000 kg of BOD in raw
sewage per hectare metre per day with a recirculation ratio of 1.2. This filter treats a
flow of 4 mLd of raw sewage with a BOD of 220 mg/l. Using NRC formula, determine
the strength of the effluent.

Q.14 The MLSS concentration in an aeration tank is 2000 mg/l and the sludge volume after
30 minutes of settling in a 1000 ml graduated cylinder is 176 ml. Calculate (i) SVI (ii)
SDI (iii) required return sludge ratio and (iv) SS concentration in the recirculated
sludge.

Q.15 An average operating data for conventional activated sludge treatment plant is as
follows:

1. Wastewater flow = 50000m3/d.

2. Volume of aeration tank = 15500 m3

3. Influent BOD = 200 mg/l

4. Effluent BOD = 25 mg/l

5. Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) = 3000 mg/l

6. Effluent suspended solids = 40 mg/l

7. Waste sludge suspended solids= 12000 mg/l

8. Quantity of waste sludge = 250 m3/d

Based on the information above, determine:

(a) Aeration period (hours)

(b) Food to micro-organisms ratio (F/M) (kg BOD per day/kg MLSS)

(c) Percentage efficiency of BOD removal

(d) Sludge age (days)

Q.16 Design of conventional activated sludge plant

Design a conventional activated sludge plant to treat settled domestic sewage with diffused
air aeration system, for the following data:

(i) Population …. 1,20,000

(ii) Per capita sewage contribution …. 160 lpcd

(iii) Settled sewage BOD5…. 200 mg/l

(iv)Effluent BOD5 required …. 15 mg/l

Q.17 A sedimentation tank treats 6 MLD containing 250 mg/L of suspended solids. The tank
removes 60% of the suspended solids. Compute the weight and volume of the sludge
produced daily if the moisture content of sludge is (a) 97.5%, (b) 95%.

Q.18 A wastewater plant produces 800 kg of dry solids per day at a moisture content of 96%.
The solids area 70% volatile with a specific gravity of 1.05 and 30% non-volatile with
aspecific gravity of 2.5. Determine the sludge volume:

(a) After digestion which reduces volatile solids content by 50% and decreases the
moisture content to 92%

(b) After dewatering to 70% moisture

(c) After drying to 10% moisture

(d) After incineration, when only non-volatile solids remain.

Q.19 Design of a Septic tank

Design a septic tank for a hostel housing 125 persons. Also design the soil absorption
system for the disposal of the septic tank effluent, assuming the percolation rate as 20
minutes per cm.

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