Example: A vehicle is moving at a speed of 60 km/h on ascending rate of grading highway

has come to stop to avoid collusion with stationary object the ratio of long over
braking distance is 6/5 and reaction time 2.5 seconds and coefficient of friction is
0.36. What is the value of ascending rate of gradient?

V = 60 km / h = 60 / 3.6 = 16.67 m/s

Vtr = 16.67 x 2.5 = 41.67 m

l/b = 6/5, l = Vtr

b = (Vtr x 5)/6

= (41.67 x 5)/6 = 34.725 m

V2
SSD  Vtr 
2 g  f  n% 
V2
b 
2 g  f  n% 
V2
n  f
2 gb
 16.67 2 
n    0.36   100
 2  9.81  34.725 
n  4.79%
Example: Design speed of road is 60 km/h and assuming driver reaction time is 2.5 and
friction of pavement is 0.35 than find out stopping sight distance for two-way
traffic on a single road.

V = 60 km / h = 60 / 3.6 = 16.67 m/s

Vtr = 16.67 x 2.5 = 41.67 m
f = 0.35
16.67 2
SSD  41.67 
2  9.81  0.35
= 82.14 m

SSD on single road = 2 x SSD = 2 x 82.14 = 164.28

Example:
Given Data:

V = 96 km/h
Vb = V – 16
Reaction time tr = 2 second
S = 0.7 Vb + 6

Solution

V = 96 km/h
OSD  d1  d 2  d 3
= Vb tr + b +2S + VT,
OSD  d1  d 2 , for single lane one way
Vb = V-16 = 96 – 16 = 80/3.6 = 22.22 m/s

S = 0.7 x Vb + 6 = 0.7 x 22.22 + 6 = 21.56

4S
T 
a
4  21.56
T  = 10.94 = 11 seconds
0.72

b = Vb x T = 22.22 x 11 = 244.42

OSD = Vb x tr + b + 2S + VT

= 22.22 x 2 + 244.42 + 2 x 21.56 + 26.67 x 11

= 625.35 m

For Single road

OSD = Vb x tr + b + 2S

= 22.22 x 2 + 244.42 + 2 x 21.56

= 331.98 m
Example: The radius of horizontal curve is 100 m and design speed 50 km/h and design
coefficient of friction is 0.15. Calculate the super elevation required. If full lateral
friction is assumed to develop.

Solution:
V2
e f 
gR
V2
e  f
gR

e 
50 3.6
2

 0.15 = 0.047 < 0.07

9.81  100
(OK)

Example: Design a rate of super elevation of horizontal curve radius 500 m and design speed
100 km/h.

Solution:

100
V  100km / h   27.78m / s
3. 6
Vsup  27.78  0.75  20.84m / s

0.75V 2
e 
gR
20.84 2
e  = 0.88 > 0.07
9.81  500
V2
f  e
gR
27.78 2
f   0.07
9.81  500
f = 0.087 < 0.15 OK