Dr.

Safaa Hameed Faisal Heat Transfer -

HW-7-
-1- Obtain relations for the characteristic lengths of a large plane wall of thickness 2L, a very long
cylinder of radius ro, and a sphere of radius ro. Answ(L,ro/2, ro/3)

-2- Stainless steel ball bearings (density: 8085 kg/m3, k=15.1 W/m·°C, Cp=0.480 kJ/kg·°C, and
α=3.91*10-6 m2/s) having a diameter of 1.2 cm are to be quenched in water. The balls leave the oven at a
uniform temperature of 900°C and are exposed to air at 30°C for a while before they are dropped into the
water. If the temperature of the balls is not to fall below 850°C prior to quenching and the heat transfer
coefficient in the air is 125 W/m2 · °C, determine how long they can stand in the air before being dropped
into the water. (Answer: 3.7 s)

-3- A steel ball [c=0.46 kJ/kg.◦C, k =35 W/m.◦C] , 5.0 cm in diameter and initially at a uniform
temperature of 450◦C is suddenly placed in a controlled environment in which the temperature is
maintained at 100◦C. The convection heat-transfer coefficient is 10 W/m2.◦C. Calculate the time required
for the ball to attain a temperature of 150◦C. (Ans: 5819 s)

-4- A 0.6-cm-diameter mild steel rod at 38°C is suddenly immersed in a liquid at 93°C with h=110 W/m2
K. Determine the time required for the rod to warm to 88°C.
Thermal conductivity (k) = 43 W/(m K)
Specific heat (c) = 473 J/(kg K)
Density = 7801 kg/m3
Thermal diffusivity (α) = 1.172 *10–5 m2/s.
Answ(121s).

5-A piece of copper as shown in figure is initially at 150 C when suddenly

immersed in an environment at 38 C. Determine the Biot number and find
the piece temperature after 1 minute,
a) if the environment is water with h = 50 W/m2·K
b) if the environment is air with h = 12 W/m2·K
Data: k = 374 W/m·K, cp = 0.381 kJ/kg·K, and ρ = 8938 kg/m3.
Answ(a- Bi=0.0008913 ; T=136.1C b- Bi=0.0002139 ; T=146.5C).

6- a long copper wire (D=1 mm ) is initially at 150oC when suddenly immersed in an

environment at 38 oC. Check Biot number and find the wire temperature after one minute:
a) If the environment is water with h = 50 W/m2·K.
b) If the environment is air with h = 5 W/m2·K.
Take the following properties: Thermal conductivity = 374 W/(m K) ; Specific heat = 0.381
kJ/(kg K) ; Density = 8938 kg/m3
Answ(41C,116C)

7--A piece of metal in the form shown in figure is to be cooled to –100°C

from 30°C using a gas at –150°C with a convection coefficient of
70W/m2.K. Determine:
1- The Biot number.
2- The time required for cooling.
Take the properties: Density=8900 kg/m3, specific heat=0.444 kJ/kg.K,
conductivity = 17.2 W/m.K.