






 


         

        
        
       
         
          

           


        

        
         


 

 



       


          
   

           
             
performance envelope. The ‘performance envelope’ of any flight vehicle in

 
  


        
‘ coefficients’       

        
           


           


 
         
  
 

 


           
          
 
           
 
 
by the heading angle ‘  ’ that resulted in an intermediate reference frame A 
             
 by the pitch angle ‘  ’ that results in an intermediate reference frame
              
 by the bank angle ‘  ’ that results in the reference frame B
 

          
              
 
 

  
             
  
             
  by the elastic axis dihedral angle ‘  ’ that results in an
          
 by an angle ‘  ’ that results in the
     
 

 

  

 
          
         
        
         
           
 

 
 

 
        
        



            
       
        
      
        


 

 

    span‘s’ and chord ‘c’  

          
               
aileron rotation angle is ‘  ’. The wing 


        




    


         

             
 

         

             



                       

                    
           
 
          
            
 
assumed as steady, the kinetic energy terms related with roll angles ‘φ’ 
twist angles ‘  ’ are stable. The kinetic energy in terms of wing tip rotation is
   

 
  






      
        
      
  

        

  


 
          

 
 


          


        



      


       

Using Lagrange’s equations, the relationship between the rate of



        
  
   
           
        
                 


    
     

  
   
 
         
     
          
     
 

 
            
     

            
           



 
                                 
             
 
 

 



          
           
           




           

   




 

result of the airplane’s angle of bank ‘  ’. It introduces a component of the

 

             

        

 



        
   

   
                     
   

  

     
                                 

 – 
derivatives about ‘  ’ and the lowest order being ‘  ’. It means that the

 ‘  ’ is considered as the variable instead of ‘  ’. The
             
                
           


 

         

        
        
         
   
         
 

         
         



        

      
          
         

           
 
  
 

 

          
           
          
          

          
         
            
            
  
 


          
 

       



        

      

   



ˆ   ˆ  ˆ   ˆ  ˆ 
              
        

 


         
          
        

 


̂     



ˆ            



ˆ             



ˆ          



ˆ            


  

 

          
           
           


           

       
                       


  
 
   


 

 
        


       
     
      


stream values except for ‘’          



     
     
  
     

 

     
       
         

           . Sutherland’s law for the molecular
 ’ and the perfect gas relationship is used. Also, Stokes’



 
 

           
         
 

         
        
        


          


         



 

         

          
           
            
         
          
  
           



   

            
            
   
           
            
          
 

    


      
 

         


 


            
        

     



 

         

         
          
     
             
 
 




     
      
           


          
   
    

         
        
          
      
    
           
 


     

  
           
 




 
 
 

 
         




  

    
    
     
     
     
    
  –  
  
   

         
        
         
          
            


         



         

          
         
           
 


           

  
            


          

           
    
            
   


           
 

       



   

       


          

  
    
        
 

  

 
  

    

   
    

 
    

      

   
         


           
          
         
 
  
 







  
         
 
 

           
  

            
 


    
  

 
     

   


            
           
              
           

         
 

          
  
         
  



    

 

   

    
 



 

          

  
       

  


 
          
 

             
         
          
          
            
            

          
          
        
          
  

    


             

              
         
           

            

         
 

 

 

         

      

 

   

  

      





   



 
           
   
      

     
 

    

  


 
   
         
 
          
   


          
  


           

          


            
 

          

             

  
   
    
      

     
        
   
           
          
 


          
   

      
          
  




    

         
           
           


         
          
         
   
    

          
 






          

 

 
 

 


  


           



         
  

      
        


         
 
           
            



   
             

 

        

 

         

         


          

         
           
        


 



       


 
      



        
           

 
 

           
          
           
 
            
 
           
             
            
  
            
  
  

          
    

        



 

       

         
         
         


         
 
     

 
        


   



          


          

           
          
 

             


    

        

             
         
            
 

            






  


  
        

 

 
 

 

 



 

           
         
          



          

       


 
         


 

   


ARS should be higher than the airplane’s maximum operating 
         
             
                      


            
           
              

          
 


           
            


 


          



  
        


           

           


         

         
           
 

        

         
        
           
          
   
   
            
          

 

      



  

 
 
 
 
 
  



 




       
    

     

 

 

       

 



       

 

          

 

         

    

         
 
        

  
  

  

             


      



         

           
 

    

     
       

   
  The position of ‘ac’ for the airfoil NACA 64  
          
   
 

            
 

    


           
    
     
   
    
         
 
        
   

          
















           


 

           

  
           
   
 
          
          
        
 

           
                

           
              


        

      
        
         
         


 

          

 
            
  
    
            
 


          
 

 

    
 
 

      
    



             
               
           
             






         


   

    
   
           


 


  
           

     


   




 

    

        

 
  
           
         
           
            
         
           
          
           
     
 

   








          

 

         

          
           
          
   
           
         
           
 


         




        

          
       

 

 





         



 




         



        

          
        

        
          
 

           
    
           
           
        
          


           

           
          
   
         
          
           
         



         

         
       
       


          
        

 

          
        


          

         
        
         
  


 

         

         


         

         


   

         


       

         


         


 

         
        


         
         


        

       
      


 
  