Represented by Group

I
 Most of us take our teeth for granted … until something
goes wrong. Our teeth help us chew and digest food, play
an important role in speech, and impact our health
overall. And by brushing up on your dental health
knowledge, you’ll be taking the first step toward giving
your teeth the attention they deserve.
 How much do you know about your pearly whites?
 A tooth is divided into two basic parts: the crown, which
is the visible, white part of the tooth, and the root, which
you can’t see. The root extends below the gum line and
anchors the tooth into the bone. Your teeth contain four
kinds of tissue and each does a different job.
 The Parts of the Tooth
 The parts are as follows :
 Enamel. Enamel is the visible
substance that covers the tooth crown.
Harder than bone, enamel protects the
tooth from decay. Enamel is made up
of phosphorous and calcium.
 Dentin. Underneath the enamel you
find dentin, which is calcified and
looks similar to bone. Dentin is not
quite as hard as enamel, so it is at
greater risk for decay should the
enamel wear away.
 Cementum. This tissue covers the
tooth root and helps anchor it (cement
it) into the bone.
 Pulp. Pulp is found at the center of
your tooth and contains the blood
vessels, nerves, and other soft tissues
that deliver nutrients and signals to
your teeth.
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 Our teeth are divided upon 5 major divisions .
which are:
 Incisors are the eight teeth
in the front and center of
your mouth (four on top
and four on bottom). These
are the teeth that you use to
take bites of your food.
Incisors are usually the
first teeth to erupt, at
around 6 months of age for
your first set of teeth, and
between 6 and 8 years of
age for your adult set.
 Your four canines are the next
type of teeth to develop. These are
your sharpest teeth and are used
for ripping and tearing food
apart. Primary canines
generally appear between 16 and
20 months of age with the upper
canines coming in just ahead of
the lower canines. In permanent
teeth, the order is reversed. Lower
canines erupt around age 9 with
the uppers arriving between 11
and 12 years of age.
 Premolars, or bicuspids, are
used for chewing and
grinding food. You have
four premolars on each side
of your mouth, two on the
upper and two on the lower
jaw. The first premolars
appear around age 10 and
the second premolars arrive
about a year later
 Primary molars are also
used for chewing and
grinding food. These
appear between 12 and
15 months of age. These
molars are replaced by
the first and second
permanent molars (four
upper and four lower).
The first molars erupt
around 6 years of age
while the second molars
come in between 11 and
13 years of age.
 Third molars are
commonly known as
wisdom teeth. These are
the last teeth to develop
and do not typically
erupt until age 18 to
20, and some people
never develop third
molars at all. For those
who do, these molars
may cause crowding
and need to be removed.
 Problems with teeth :Tooth Decay
 Plaque
 Plaque is a biofilm consisting of
large quantities of various bacteria
that form on teeth.If not removed
regularly, plaque buildup can lead to
or periodontal problems such as
gingivitis. Given time, plaque can
mineralize along the gingiva,
forming tartar. The microorganisms
that form the biofilm are almost
entirely bacteria (mainly
streptococcus and anaerobes), with
the composition varying by location
in the mouth.[39] Streptococcus
mutans is the most important
bacterium associated with dental
caries.
 Caries (cavities)
 Advanced tooth decay on a premolar.
 Dental caries (cavities), described as
"tooth decay", is an infectious disease
which damages the structures of
teeth.The disease can lead to pain,
tooth loss, and infectious. The largest
increases in the prevalence of caries
have been associated with diet
changes. Today, caries remains one
of the most common diseases
throughout the world. In the United
States, dental caries is the most
common chronic childhood disease,
being at least five times more
common than asthma.
 Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping
the mouth clean and is a means of
preventing dental caries, gingivitis,
periodontal disease, bad breath, and
other dental disorders. It consists of
both professional and personal care.
Regular cleanings, usually done by
dentists and dental hygienists,
remove tartar (mineralized plaque)
that may develop even with careful
brushing and flossing. Professional
cleaning includes tooth scaling, using
various instruments or devices to
loosen and remove deposits from teeth.
 The purpose of cleaning teeth is to
remove plaque, which consists
mostly of bacteria.Healthcare
professionals recommend regular
brushing twice a day (in the
morning and in the evening, or
after meals) in order to prevent
formation of plaque and tartar. A
toothbrush is able to remove most
plaque, except in areas between
teeth. As a result, flossing is also
considered a necessity to maintain
oral hygiene. When used correctly,
dental floss removes plaque from
between teeth and at the gum line,
where periodontal disease often
begins and could develop caries.
 Tooth abnormalities may be
categorized according to whether
they have environmental or
developmental causes.While
environmental abnormalities may
appear to have an obvious cause,
there may not appear to be any
known cause for some
developmental abnormalities.
Environmental forces may affect
teeth during development, destroy
tooth structure after development,
discolor teeth at any stage of
development, or alter the course of
tooth eruption. Developmental
abnormalities most commonly
affect the number, size, shape, and
structure of teeth.
 Quick facts about teeth
 1. An average human being has around 32 teeth. This includes
four wisdom teeth, eight incisors, four canines, twelve molars and
eight premolars.
 2. A person develops two sets of teeth in his entire lifetime. The
first set is also known as your ‘baby teeth’ which will start to lose
by the time you reach six or seven years old. When you reach 21
years of age, you already have your permanent set of teeth.
 3. The People’s Republic of China has set aside September 20 as a
national holiday for ‘Love your Teeth Day’.
 4. In the 1800s, people who had false teeth in England ate in their
bedrooms before gatherings and events at the dinner table. This
unique Victorian tradition protected them against the
embarrassment of having their teeth ‘fall off’ while dining.
 5. The ancient Chinese usually wrapped tiny parchment around
their painful teeth which contained written incantations and
prayers to relieve pain.
 6. The ancient Greeks used pliers for teeth extractions.
 7. In Germany, a common Middle Age custom was to kiss a donkey to
relieve toothaches.
 8. A long time ago, humans utilized charcoal or ground up chalk, ashes,
lemon juice, and honey-tobacco mixture to clean their teeth. It was only
around a hundred years ago that the toothpaste was invented.
 9. Dentists would recommend that you keep your toothbrush at least six feet
away from your toilet to avoid many airborne particles that results from
flushing.
 10. Even before toothbrushes were invented, people used their fingers and
twigs in cleaning their teeth.
 11. Today, around forty percent of people over 65 years do not have a
complete set of teeth.
 12. In an entire human lifetime, the average person produces around
100,000 gallons of saliva. As people age, their salivary secretions also
decrease making them more susceptible to dental diseases.
 13. A root canal isn’t usually painful. With the use of today’s modern
technology, root canals are nothing like what most people think it is. It can
be as painless as a tooth filing.
 Humans have two sets of teeth, primary
(or baby) teeth and then permanent
teeth, which develop in stages. Although
the timing is different, the development
of each of these sets of teeth is similar.
Here are some facts about how people
develop teeth:
 Teeth tend to erupt in parallel, meaning
that the top molar on your left side
should grow in at about the same time as
the top molar on the right.
 Tooth development begins long before
your first tooth becomes visible. For
example, a baby’s first tooth appears at
around six months of age, but
development of those teeth actually
begins during the early second trimester
of pregnancy.
 Conclusion
 Your mouth is important. Don’t take your teeth or
oral health for granted. For good dental health, brush
and floss your teeth regularly, don't smoke, eat a
healthy diet, and see your dentist regularly for
dental cleanings and checkups. A healthy mouth
makes for a healthy body ... and a pretty smile.
 Group members

 Aparna Joshi (Leader) - Made ppt

 Anjali Tripathi - Collected information & pictures
 Anjali k - not contributed
 Ankita - not contributed
 Abhishek - not contributed
 Amit - not contributed
 Aditya – not contributed
 OUR special gratitude
 WE SINCERELY THANKS OUR ENGLISH
TEACHER MRS. NISHI SHARMA MADAM FOR
GIVING US SUCH A GREAT OPPORTUNITY TO
EXPRESS OUR VIEWS ON THE GIVN TOPIC.