c

Chap-7
Essay Type questions:

1. What is a wave? Explain the following terms associated with waves: wavelength,
frequency, amplitude.
2. List the types of electromagnetic radiation, starting with the radiation having the
longest wavelength and ending with the radiation having the shortest wavelength.
3. Write the four quantum numbers for an electron in the following orbitals: (a) 3s, (b)
4p , (c) 3d .
4. List all the possible sub shells and orbital’s associated with the principal quantum
number n, if n =5 and n=6.
5. Define Aufbaou principle, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Hund’s rule and Pauli
Exclusion principle.
6. Quantum numbers and relationship between four quantum numbers and atomic
orbitals.
7. Draw the boundary surface diagrams of 3s, 3p and 3d orbitals
8. An oxygen atom has a total of eight electrons. Write the four quantum numbers for
each of the eight electrons in the ground state.
9. De Broglie Principles.
10. Full electronic, condensed and partial orbital model electronic configuration of atoms.

Math problems.

1. A dental hygienist uses x-rays (λ=1.00 Å) to take a series of dental radiographs while
the patient listens to a radio station (λ=325 cm) and looks out the window at the blue
sky (λ=473 nm). What is the frequency (in S-1) of the electromagnetic radiation from
each source? (Assume that the radiation travels at the speed of light, 3.00x108 m/s.)
2. Calculate the wavelength (in nm) and the frequency of a photon with an energy of
8.2x10-19 J, the minimum amount of energy required to dislodge an electron from the
metal gold.
3. A hydrogen atom absorbs a photon of UV light, and its electron enters the n =4
energy level. Calculate (a) the change in energy of the atom and (b) the wavelength
(in nm) of the photon.
4. A hydrogen atom with its electron in the n =6 energy level emits a photon of IR light.
Calculate (a) the change in energy of the atom and (b) the wavelength (in Å) of the
photon.
5. An electron in the n=6 energy level of an H atom drops to a lower energy level; the
atom emits a photon of wavelength 410 nm. (a) What is E for this transition in 1 mol
of H atoms? (b) To what energy level did the electron move?
6. (a) What is the speed of an electron that has a de Broglie wavelength of 100 nm
(electron mass 9.11x10-31 kg)?
(b) At what speed would a 45.9-g golf ball need to move to have a de Broglie
Wavelength of 100 nm?
7. (i) A radio wave has a frequency of 3.8x1010 Hz. What is the energy (in J) of one
photon of this radiation?
(ii) An x-ray has a wavelength of 1.3 Å. Calculate the energy (in J) of one photon of
this radiation.
8. For each of the following, give the sublevel designation, the allowable ml values, and
the number of orbitals:
(a) n =4, l =2 (b) n =5, l =1 (c) n = 6, l =2
9. For each of the following, give the sublevel designation, the allowable ml values, and
the number of orbitals: (a) n =2, l =0 (b) n =3, l =2 (c) n =5, l =1
10. The following combinations are not allowed. If n and ml are correct, change the l
value to create an allowable combination:
(a) n =3; l =0; ml =-1 (b) n =3; l =3; ml = +1 (c) n =7; l =2; ml = +3 (d) n =4; l =1; ml =-2
11. Use the orbital diagram to write sets of quantum numbers for the third and eighth
electrons of the F atom.
12. Using the periodic table and assuming a regular filling pattern, give the full and
condensed electron configurations, partial orbital diagrams showing valence electrons
only, and number of inner electrons for the following elements:
(a) Potassium (K; Z =19) (b) Cr (Z =24) (c) Cu (Z=29) (d) Fe(Z=26)
13. Use the electron-in box model electron configurations to write an equation for the
formation of each transition metal ion, and predict whether it is paramagnetic or
diamagnetic (a) Mn2+ (Z =25) (b) Cr3+ (Z =24) (c) Hg2+ (Z =80), (d) Fe3+(Z=26) (e
)Ti2+(Z=21) (f) Cu+ and Zn2+
14. An electron in the hydrogen atom makes a transition from an energy state of principal
quantum numbers ni to the n = 2 state. If the photon emitted has a wavelength of 434
nm, what is the value of ni ?

Chap 8
1. Ionization and electron affinity
2. Isoelectronics. Given example you have to find out the isoelectronc of the elements.
3. Which of the following species are isoelectronic with each other? C, Cl - , Mn2+ , B- ,
Ar, Zn, Fe3+ , Ge2+ .
Group the species that are isoelectronic: Be2+ , F- ,Fe2+ , N3- , He, S2- , Co3+ , Ar.
4. Discuss the position of hydrogen atom in the periodic table.
5. Arrange the following species in isoelectronic pairs: O+ , Ar, S2- , Ne, Zn, Cs+ , N3- ,
As3+ , N, Xe.
6. Different types of oxides, acidic, basic , amphoteric and neutral oxides
7. Show that Al2O3, ZnO, BeO, and Bi2O3 are amphoteric oxides.
8. The last electron added to an atom has the following set of quantum numbers: n =2,
l=1, ml = 0, ms =+1/2. Identify the element, and write its electron configuration and
orbital diagram.
9. Using only the periodic table rank each set of main-group
elements in order of decreasing atomic size:
(a) Ca, Mg, Sr (b) K, Ga, Ca (c) Br, Rb, Kr (d) Sr, Ca, Rb (e) As, Cs, S; (f) F, P, K.
10. Using the periodic table only, rank the elements in each set in order of
decreasing IE1: (a) Kr, He, Ar (b) Sb, Te, Sn (c) K, Ca, Rb (d) I, Xe, Cs (e) O, As,
Rb; (f) Sn, Cl, Si.
11. Use the orbital diagram shown above to write sets of quantum numbers for
the third and eighth electrons of the F atom.
12. Rank the elements in each set in order of increasing IE1:
(a) Sb, Sn, I; (b) Na, Mg, Cs.
13. Rank each set of ions in order of decreasing size, and explain your ranking:
(a) Ca2+, Sr2+, Mg2+ (b) K+, S2-, Cl-
14. Rank the ions in each set in order of increasing size:
 (a) Cl+, Br-, F- (b) Na+, Mg2+, F- (c) Cr2+, Cr3+
15. Write the Periodic properties of atoms

Chap-9
1. Different bonding. (I) Ionic (II) Covalent & (III) co-ordination covalent bond. Difference
between ionic compound and covalent compound.
2. Write Lewis dot structure of the followings.
2−
(i) CO 3 (ii) SO 2−
4 (iii) PCl5 (iv) I −3 (v) AlI3 (vi) BF3 (vii) O3 (viii) NF3 (ix) HNO3
(x) AsF5
(xi) XeF4, (xii) XeF6 (xiii) PF5 (xiv) H3PO4 (xv) SF6 (xvi) CO
3. Calculate lattice energy of the followings.
0
(i) Calculate the lattice energy of calcium chloride given that the heat of formation ΔH f
(CaCl2)= -795kJ/mol and Ca(s)+Cl2(g)→CaCl2(g)
0
1. Ca(s)→Ca(g) ΔH 1 = 121 kJ/mol
2. Cl 2 (g)→2Cl(g) ΔH 02 = 242.8 kJ/mol
3. Ca (g) →Ca2+(g)+ 2e- ΔH 03
= 1145 kJ/mol
0
4. Cl(g)+e-→Cl-(g) ΔH 4 = -349 kJ/mol
5. Ca2+(g) +2Cl-(g)→CaCl2(s) ΔH 05 = ?

0
(ii) Calculate the lattice energy of NaCl given that the heat of formation ΔH f (NaCl)=
-411

Na(s) +1/2 Cl2(g)→NaCl(s)

0
1. Na(s)→Na(g) ΔH 1 = 108 kJ/mol
2. 1/2 Cl 2 (g)→Cl(g) ΔH 02 = 121.4 kJ/mol
0
3. Na(g) →Na+(g)+ e- ΔH 3 = 495.9 kJ/mol
0
4. Cl(g)+e-→Cl-(g) ΔH 4 = -349 kJ/mol
0
5. Na+(g) +Cl-(g)→NaCl(s) ΔH 5 (-ΔHlattice) = ?
(iii) Use the following to calculate ΔHlattice of MgF2:
Mg(s)→ Mg(g) ΔHo= 148 kJ
F2(g)→ 2F(g) ΔHo= 159 kJ
Mg(g) -2e- →Mg2+(g)→ΔHo= 1450 kJ
F(g) + e-→ F-(g) ΔHo= -328 kJ
Mg(s) + F2(g)→ MgF2(s) ΔHo= -1123 kJ
(iv) Use a Born-Haber cycle for KF and the following values to calculate a value for the
electron affinity of fluorine:
K(s)→ K(g) ΔH°= 90 kJ
+ -
K(g)→ K (g) + e ΔH°= 419 kJ
F2(g)→ 2F(g) ΔH°= 159 kJ
1
K(s) + 2 F2(g) → KF(s) ΔH°= -569 kJ
K+(g) + F-(g) → KF(s) ΔH°= -821 kJ
ο
(v) Use the following data to calculate ΔH f of MgCl2:
Mg(s)→ Mg(g) ΔHo= 148 kJ
Cl2(g)→ 2Cl(g) ΔHo= 243 kJ
Mg(g)→ Mg2+(g) + 2e-ΔHo= 738 kJ
Cl(g) + e- → Cl-(g) ΔHo= -349 kJ
ΔHlattice of MgCl2 = 783.5 kJ/mol

4. Electronegativity and bond type

5. What is resonance structure? Draw the resonance structure of the following.
2− − −
(i) C6H6 (benzene) (ii) O3 (iii) CO 3 (iv) ClO3 (v) I 3
6. Exceptions to the Octet Rule
(i) Give three examples of compounds that do not satisfy the octet rule. Write a Lewis
structure for each.
7. What is bond enthalpy?
(i) For the reaction 2C2H6(g) +7O2(g) →4CO2(g) + 6H2O(g) calculate the enthalpy of
reaction from the standard enthalpies of formation. ΔH f(CO2)= -393.5 kJ/mol, ΔHf(H2O) =
-241.8 kJ/mol, O2(g)=0 kJ/mol and C2H6 =- 84.7 kJ/mol.

8. Calculate ΔH° for the reaction H2(g) + I2(g)→2HI(g) using-H= 436.4 kJ/mol and H-
I=298.3 kJ/molthat ΔH°f for I2(g) is 151.0 kJ/mol.

9. Calculate the enthalpy of reaction for the process H 2(g) + Cl2(g)→2HCl(g) where H-
H(H2)=436.4 kJ/mol, Cl-Cl=242.7 kJ/mol and H-Cl=431.9kJ/mol

10. Estimate the enthalpy change for the combustion of hydrogen gas:
2H2(g) + O2(g) →2H2O(g)
H-H=436.4 kJ/mol, O=O=498.7 kJ/mol and O-H=460.0 kJ/mol
11. Formal charge. Calculation of valence electron of a compound.

Chap-10
1. Which of the following numbers of electron groups can give rise to a linear, V-shaped
molecule: Two, Three, four, five and six?
2. Draw an example for each case, showing the geometry of AX mYn(where X=bonded
atoms and Y=lone pair electrons) with the combinations of
(a) m=6, n=0 (b) m=5, n=1, (c) m=5, n=0, (d) m=4, n=1 (e) m=3, n=2 (f) m=2, n=3 (g)
m=4, n=0 (h) m=3, n=1 (i) m=2, n=2 (j) m=3, n=0 (k) m=2, n=1
3. What would you expect to be the electron-group arrangement around atom A in each
of the following cases? For each arrangement, give the ideal bond angle and the
direction of any expected deviation:

4. ame the shape and give the AXmEn classification and ideal bond angle(s) for each of
the following general molecules:

5. For each of the following use the molecular shape, predict the dipole direction and
whether dipole present and polar or nonpolar.
(a) NH3, BF3, CO2, SO2, H2O, CS2, CH2Cl2, CCl4, cis /trans-1,2-dichloro
ethylene(C2H2Cl2), COS(carbonyl sulphide),XeF4
6. How many sigma and pi bonds present in CH 3COOH, CH3OH,CO2,H2SO4,
CH3CH2COOH, benzene(C6H6)
7. Predict hybridization of carbon atom in CH4, C2H4, C2H2
8. According to VSEPR model predict the geometry of BrF 5, H2O, NH3, PCl5, XeF4,
ClF3,CS2, PbCl2, CBr4, AsH3,ICl2-
9. Determine the shape, ideal bond angle(s), and the direction of any deviation from
those angles for each of the following: (a) ClO2 (b) PF5 (c) SeF4 (d) KrF2