FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PULAU

PINANG, 13500 PERMATANG PAUH,
PULAU PINANG.

FINAL YEAR PROJECT

GUIDELINES

BY

YEE HOOI MIN

CLOTILDA PETRUS
RUQAYYAH ISMAIL

2014
 BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS) CIVIL
(INFRASTRUCTURES) FINAL YEAR PROJECT GUIDELINES

AUTHORS

YEE HOOI MIN

CLOTILDA PETRUS
RUQAYYAH ISMAIL

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA PENANG BRANCH
13500 PERMATANG PAUH
PULAU PINANG

EDITED BY
SUZANA ABDUL RAHIM
NURUL AIN SALIM
FAIRUS AZWAN AZIZAN
AHMAD KAMIL AMINUDDIN
AISAR ASHRA MUHAMMAD ASHRI
NUR AZWA MUHAMAD BASHAR
ABDUL AZIZ NASIR

2014
 PREFACE
This manual is prepared for students and supervisors to enable them in executing their respective roles
and duties in an effective manner, hence benefiting both parties. With that, the success of this subject
can then be realised. This guideline includes various criteria such as problem statement, objective,
scope, literature review, methodology, analysis and results which are significantly addressed in
assessing the FYP students for their presentations and reports. The report format for final year project
rules must be adhered to strictly.

In order to ensure that all the planned activities work efficiently and according to the time frame, a set
of forms is attached at the back of this manual for perusal of students, supervisors, examiners and
technicians. Hence, students, supervisors, academia and supporting staffs are advised to read and
understand this guidelines/manual before conducting any student research project. A briefing on the
procedure and implementation of FYP will be conducted in the first week of every semester. Students
are highly advised to attend the talk.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION........................................................................................... 5

1.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 PROJECT ORGANIZATION ........................................................................................................................ 6
1.3CREDIT HOURS .......................................................................................................................................... 10
1.4PROJECT EVALUATION ........................................................................................................................... 10
1.5TITLE PROPOSAL FOR FYP ...................................................................................................................... 11
1.6IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING PROCEDURES ..................................................................... 14
1.7RESEARCHETHICS .................................................................................................................................... 15
1.8FORMS.......................................................................................................................................................... 16
1.9 IMPLEMENTATION OF OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION (OBE) ...................................................... 16
CHAPTER TWO REPORT WRITING GUIDELINES .................................................................................. 19
2.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS .............................................................................................................. 19
2.1.1 Length of Thesis 19
2.1.2 Typing and Printing 19
2.1.5 Paragraph 20
2.1.6 Spacing 20
2.1.7Pagination 20
2.1.8 Headings and Subheadings 21
2.1.9Tables and Figures 22
2.2 LAYOUT AND ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. 24
2.2.1 Preliminary Section 24
2.2.2 Text or Main Body of Thesis 29
2.2.3 Reference Materials ................................................................................................................................... 30
CHAPTER THREE FORMAT FOR TECHNICAL PAPER .......................................................................... 34
3.1 Title page ...................................................................................................................................................... 34
3.2Abstract.......................................................................................................................................................... 34
3.3Main Body of the Technical Paper ................................................................................................................ 35
3.4Acknowledgement ......................................................................................................................................... 35
3.5References ..................................................................................................................................................... 36
CHAPTER FOUR FORMAT FOR POSTER PRESENTATION ................................................................... 37
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................................... 38
 CHAPTER ONE
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

1.1 INTRODUCTION
The final year project (FYP) is one of the primary mechanisms used by the university to
provide students with an opportunity to gain experience in the practical and effective
application of what students have studied for the past several years. Naturally, student will
continue to gain engineering experience after graduating but the final year project will be the
first exposure to the full rigour of engineering practice. It is essential that students learn from
this exposure and practice all of the engineering methodologies involved. It is particularly
important that students learn not just to apply what they know, but also to be judgmental and
selective, with the ability to assess what they are doing and to be critical of it.FYP is also
partial requirement in awarding the students with a Bachelor in Civil Engineering (Hons.)
(Infrastructure) from Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang.

The FYP guideline is designed to guide the undergraduate students in conducting their research/project
before submitting it to the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang.
This guideline is intended to give students the exposure on how to conduct research, produce proper
technical and report writing within the standard requirements which have been practised by
international universities.

The FYP is conducted in the last two semesters of the student’s study period i.e. semester 7 (course
code: CEW 591) and semester 8 (course code: CEW 592). The project work must also have the
elements of infrastructure. The project can be in the form of laboratory experiment, computer
programming, modelling, simulation, analysis, case studies and/or product design. The FYP
must also exhibit some elements of originality, which would indicate the maturity level for a
final year bachelor degree program project. Students must frequently meet up with the supervisors
enquiring about the topics and making clarification on problem statement, scope of research and
literature review.

The students are expected to finish their research proposal in the semester 7. The students must start
their research work by conducting preliminary experimental work, field works, preparing
questionnaires and embarking on data collection. Students need to present their progress report in front
of two panels/examiners. In semester 8, the students should make analysis on the data obtained and
prepare the final version of project report. They are also required to prepare a technical paper as a
summary of their final year project works and findings. Finally, the students need to present their final
year project findings in front of two panels/examiners. This is to train the students in expounding
statements of facts and defending such statement in front of audiences. It is a good practice for the
students to pursue their career as a civil engineer in the future.

Supervisors are advised to ascertain the standard and quality of the projects carried out by their
students. Supervisors will assess the progress of project and the two panels/examiners will be
appointed by the Final Year Coordinator to evaluate the report and presentation of the students. The
activities, duration, credit hours and mode of assessment in executing FYP courses which include
CEW 591 and CEW 592 are shown in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1: Activities of Final Year Project Students

Credit Mode of Report

Activities Duration Examiner
Hours Assessment Bindings

CEW 591 6 months 2.0 Presentation on Supervisor and Spiral

- Writing Research (Semester7) progress report panels (2 panels Binding
Proposal academic)
- Problem Identification
- Literature Review
- Theoretical
- Background
- Preparation of
Specimens
- Experimental Set-up
- Instrumentation
- Data Collection
- Submission of Progress
Report

CEW 592 6 months 4.0 Final presentation Supervisor and Spiral

- Data Analysis (Semester 8) panels (1 panel Binding
- Interpretation of industry and 1
- Results panel academic)
- Report Writing
- Poster Presentation
- Submission of Report
*Pre-Requisite - CEW 591

1.2 PROJECT ORGANIZATION

The people who are involved in Final Year Project organization are:

1. Advisory Committee
2. Final Year Project Coordinator
3. Final Year Project Committee Members
4. Project Supervisors
5. Panel of Examiners
6. Laboratory Staffs
7. Administrative staffs
8. Final Year Students
1.2.1 Advisory Committee
The advisory committee members are currently the Head of Program and Head of Division. The
responsibilities of this committee are including but not limited to:
 produce the FYP guidelines for students
 specify the nature of project, in case of any dispute arise
 set a benchmark to maintain high standard of FYP
 act as the second examiners for CEW 591 and CEW 592
 hear and attend appeal cases
 approve panel of examiners appointed for both CEW 591 and CEW 592presentations
 approve supervisors appointed for both CEW 591 and CEW 592
 monitor the quality of evaluations and assessments by supervisors and panels
 analyze, validate and endorse marks given by panels and supervisors before submitting them to
JAC (Jawatankuasa Akademik Cawangan) for approval

1.2.2 Final Year Project Coordinator

The implementation and coordination of FYP is led by a Final Year Project Coordinator. He or she is
responsible to form a FYP committee that is appointed by Advisory Committee to monitor and
coordinate the progress of FYP project in every semester. The responsibilities of final year project
coordinator include:
 Chair the FYP committee meeting
 briefing to the final year students on the implementation of FYP in the first week of every
semester
 collect titles, topic and scope of project from supervisors a week prior the beginning of the
semester
 approve and assigning supervisors
 registration and displaying FYP topic at week 2 of the semester
 submission and evaluation forms from students and supervisors
 updating data base on completed FYP
 preparing a FYP presentation schedule with appointed panels
 managing and organizing the facilities for day of presentation
 submitting names of examiners who are absent during student presentation to the Head of
Program
 Compiling student assessment/marks from supervisors and panel of examiners.
 Organizing research methodologies workshop with relevant speakers, hands on, literature
search and facilities touring to supervisors and students
1.2.3 Final Year Project Committee Members
Final year project committee is appointed by Advisory Committee to assist the FYP coordinator. The
responsibilities of FYP committee are to:
 plan and manage the FYP project progress for every semester
 collect project title suggestions from lecturers and students
 identify the students who have registered for the subject
 distribute FYP guideline to students and supervisors at week 1 of the semester
 collect the list of project titles selected/proposed by students
 release list of project title and supervisor vs students
 co-ordinate committee meetings to appoint Panel of Examiners
 arrange research proposal and mini expo event
 arrange presentation slots for each student
 collect required reports from students and forward it to the examiner for evaluation
 compile students’ assessment marks by panel of examiners
 analyses assessment work based on OBE requirement
 keep relevant documents for at least five (5) years after
 preparation of documents for auditing purposes

1.2.4 Project Supervisors

Lecturers who are going to supervise FYP student must have at least graduated with a Masters Degree
and he/she should become the main supervisor. Lecturers without a Masters Degree are encouraged to
supervise FYP students but as co-supervisors only. Lecturers who are in study leave or in intention to
go for industrial training are not allowed to supervise students. The project supervisors are given the
trust and duty to guide the students upon the completion of FYP. Each supervisor shall be limited to
two (2) prospective candidates only per semester to maintain quality of students’ supervised and FYP
project. The role and responsibilities of project supervisor includes:
 providing sufficient project topics and scope of research to the supervision students
 explaining the objectives and scope of project to the students and setting regular meetings with
them
 reminding students on the issues of plagiarism and its consequences
 originality of the work and report should be emphasized at the beginning of semester
 guiding, supervising, encouraging, monitoring and motivating the student from the
commencing until the completion of FYP
 checking and endorsing student’s logbook and ensuring that they follow the schedule closely
as planned earlier
 evaluating research proposal and progress report prepared by students from CEW 591
 evaluating and correcting the final report submitted by student from CEW 592
 writing the comments in final report and giving marks by filling the supervisor evaluation form
 submitting all the marks to FYP Committee directly after student presentation
 work closely with the laboratory staffs in purchasing the consumable items
1.2.5 Panels of Examiners
Qualified Panel of examiners are appointed by the Head of Division respectively according to the area
of specialization. For CEW591, there are two internal examiners among the faculty’s members will be
appointed. For CEW592, there should be one internal examiner (faculty members) and one external
examiner (from industrial). Both presentations will be chaired by an internal member of faculty. Their
duties are to:
 evaluate students’ presentation based on criteria listed in evaluation form (panels) according to
rubrics provided
 assess student’s progress report (CEW592 only)
 assess student’s proposal and final report prior to presentation
 attend during project presentation, in case of an emergency, replacement should be arranged in
a timely manner
 give and write constructive feedback during project presentation
 submit all students’ marks within stipulate time to HEA

1.2.6 Final Year Students

All final year undergraduates are mandatory to take FYP as the requirements for the award of the
Bachelor Degree in Civil Engineering (Hons) (Infrastructure) from Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau
Pinang. The detail of the activities and submission document can be referred in figure 1.1.Their
responsibilities are including but not limited to:
 Consult and seeking opinion from a prospective supervisor as earlier as in semester 6
 deciding on a research topic preferably based on area of student’s interest
 proposing research topics to Final Year Project Coordinator if any
 submit registration form to Final year project coordinator, make one copy for supervisor and
one copy for own reference
 plan the work properly and prepare work schedule for one year with the guidance of the
supervisors
 follow strictly to the work schedule so that the project can be completed within the stipulated
time frame
 keep record on progress work endorse by supervisor using a (Form FYP-04)
 meet up with their supervisor regularly at least once a week so that the progress of their work
can be monitored closely

1.2.7 Administrative Staffs

The administrative/supporting staffs of the HEA (Hal Ehwal Akademik), UiTM PP is headed by an
Assistant Registrar and assisted by the Executive Officers. Their duties are to:
 assist Final Year Project Coordinator in maintaining the database of FYP in every semester
 perform some clerical works related to FYP
 collect booking, lab and computer registration form from students
1.2.8 Laboratory Staffs
Laboratory staffs duties are to:
 assist and advise the students in conducting experimental work in the laboratory
 assist and advise the students in operating the machines, testing equipment, calibrating
instruments and any other related facilities as well as in handling and purchasing
consumable/usable materials for the FYP students

1.3CREDIT HOURS
Semester 07
CODE : CEW 591
COURSE : FINAL YEAR PROJECT I
HOURS/WEEK : Practical: 6.0 Hrs/Week
CREDIT HOURS : 2.0
GRADE : A, B, C, D, E OR F
PASSING MARK : C (50%)

*Forty percent (40%) of the marks in this code will be awarded by the respective supervisor based on
student’s progress work, written research proposal and content of the study. Another sixty percent
(60%) marks will be assessed from report writing, presentation and communication skills evaluated by
two panels from the faculty.

Semester 08
CODE : CEW 592
COURSE : FINAL YEAR PROJECT 2
HOURS/WEEK : Practical: 12.0 hrs/Week
CREDIT HOURS : 4.0
GRADE : A, B, C, D, E OR F
PASSING MARK : C (50%)

**CEW 592which consists of report writing, oral presentation, contents of research, discussion
(questions and answers) between the candidate and two panels and also, by the respective supervisor.

1.4PROJECT EVALUATION
The appraisal of final year project CEW 591 and CEW 592 will be based on research proposal,
progress work, presentation and report writing. Each candidate must submit their report in the eleventh
week and presentation will be performed in the twelfth or thirteenth week. For CEW592, if the students
do not present, they will be awarded with grade TL (Tidak Lengkap) and they are required to complete
it next semester even though they have already submitted the report.

The breakdown marks for the evaluation of CEW 591 by supervisor and two panels are illustrated in
Table 1.2. The respective supervisor is required to give marks on research proposal, work progress and
report writing, while the two panels should only give the total overall marks on presentation. Table 1.3
illustrates the distribution of marks for the supervisor, two panels from the faculty for CEW 592.
1.5TITLE PROPOSAL FOR FYP
 The supervisor must provide sufficient topics for the students. The topics must be related to
Civil Engineering (Infrastructure) studies/works.
 The scope and limitation of project should be suitable for Undergraduate Level in fulfilling
the partial requirement of FYP. It should consider time, budget, issues and restriction the
students could face during the implementation of project.
 Students must register the topics they have chosen by filling the registration form and having it
signed and endorsed by the supervisor in the first week of semester 7.
 The registration form FYP-02 must be submitted to their respective supervisor/Final Year
Project coordinator by the end of second week for documentation purpose.
 Students are encouraged to propose own FYP title to the potential supervisor and provide with
the proposed title, objectives and information to the supervisor.
Table 1.2: Project evaluation for CEW 591(supervisor and panels)
Supervisor Panel 1 Panel 2
A. PROPOSAL AND PROGRESS REPORT
Proposal (PO3,C010) 10%
Progress Report (PO4,PO7, CO1) 15% NA NA
Sub Total 25%
B.PROGRESS
Self Learning (PO4) 5%
Planning & Scheduling (PO4) 5% NA NA
Work Progress (PO7, CO1) 5%
Discussion with Supervisor (PO7,CO1) 5%
Sub Total 20%
C. PRESENTATION
Technical/Method (PO4,CO4) 5% 5%
Communication Skill (PO7, CO4) NA 5% 5%
Presentation Skill (PO7, CO4) 5% 5%
Discussion (Q&A) (PO7, CO4) 5% 5%
Content of Presentation
Introduction (PO4, CO4) 5% 5%
Problem Statement (PO4, CO4) 5% 5%
Scope of Work (PO10, CO4) 5% 5%
Objectives (PO4, CO4) 5% 5%
Literature Review (PO10, CO4) 5% 5%
Gap of Research(PO4,CO4) 5% 5%
Theoretical Background (PO4,CO4) 5% 5%
Methodology (PO4,CO4) 5% 5%
Expected Outcomes (PO10, CO4) 5% 5%
References (PO10, CO4) 5% 5%
Sub Total 70% 70%
D.REPORT WRITING
Introduction (PO4, CO1) 5%
Scope of Work (PO4, CO3) 5%
Objectives (PO4, CO1) 5%
Problem Statement (PO4, CO1) 5% NA NA
Literature Review (PO4, CO2) 5%
Gap of Research (PO10, CO1) 5%
Theoretical Background (PO4,CO2) 5%
Methodology (PO4, CO3) 5%
Expected Outcomes (PO10, CO3) 5%
References (PO10, CO2) 5%
Originality/Future Research (PO10, CO2) 5%
Sub Total 55%
TOTAL 100% 70% 70%
EVALUATION FOR CEW 591
1. SUPERVISOR MARKS = (A+B+D)/100 x 40 ****Total mark for CEW 591 (passing mark is 50%)
2.PANEL 1 MARKS = (C)/70x 30 =(Supervisor + Panel 1 + Panel 2)
3.PANEL 2 MARKS = (C)/70 x 30

TOTAL MARKS FOR CEW 591

Supervisor (40%) + Panels (60%) = 100%
 Table 1.3: Project evaluation for CEW 592(supervisor and panels from faculty)
Supervisor Panel 1 Panel 2
A.PROGRESS WORK
Self Learning (PO6, CO2) 5%
Experimental Set-up/Data Collection (PO5, CO1) 5% NA NA
Analysis of Results (PO5, CO3) 5%
Discussion with Supervisor (PO10, CO3) 5%
Sub Total 20%
B. POSTER PRESENTATION Industry Academic
Contents (PO5, CO4) NA 5% 5%

Project Output Quality and Project Prospect (PO4, CO4) 5% 5%

Presentation Skills (PO6, CO4) 5% 5%

Question and Answer Capability (PO6, CO4) 5% 5%

Technical/ Method (PO4, CO4) 5% 5%

Sub Total 25% 25%
C.REPORT WRITING Academic Academic
Abstract (PO5, CO1) 5% 5% 5%
Problem Statement(PO5, CO1) 5% 5% 5%
Objectives and Scope of Work (PO5, CO1) 5% 5% 5%
Literature Review(PO10, CO1) 5% 5% 5%
Theoretical Development (PO10, CO1) 5% 5% 5%
Methodology (PO5, CO2) 5% 5% 5%
Data Collection & Analysis (PO5, CO2) 5% 5% 5%
Results (PO5, CO2) 5% 5% 5%
Discussion (PO9,CO3) 5% 5% 5%
Conclusions (PO9,CO3) 5% 5% 5%
Recommendations (PO9,CO3) 5% 5% 5%
References and Appendices (PO10,CO1) 5% 5% 5%
Sub Total 60% 60% 60%
EVALUATION FOR CEW 592
1. Supervisor's Marks
Mark=((A+C)/80) x 40%
2. Panel 1 from Faculty (report evaluation)
Mark=(C)/60 x 15%
3. Panel 2 from Faculty (report evaluation) ****Total Mark CEW 592
Mark = (C)/60 x 15%
4. Panel 1 from Industry (presentation)
Mark = (B)/25 x 15%
5. Panel 2 from Faculty (presentation)
Mark = (B)/25 x 15%
EVALUATION FOR CEW 592
1. Supervisor's Marks
Mark=((A+C)/80) x 40%
****Total Mark CEW 592
2. Panel 1 & 2 From Faculty for report evaluation
Mark=(C)/60 x 15%
3. Panel 1 Industry & Panel 2 Faculty for presentation
Mark = ( B)/25 x 15%

TOTAL MARKS FORCEW 592

Supervisor (40%) + Panels (60%) = 100%
Note:
 Any changes/amendments of topics must be informed to the Final Year Project coordinator one
month before project presentation of semester 8.
 If students cannot complete the project on time, supervisors are required to inform the coordinator
to know about it in the eleventh week of semester 8.
1.6IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING PROCEDURES
An effective time management and a well planned schedule are the key factors for the completion and
success of the project. All the activities and time duration involved in the project should be scheduled
using a Gantt chart. All students are required to prepare this type of chart for one year duration in their
research proposal and must be endorsed by their supervisors.

In monitoring process, each student is required to keep proper logbook documentation so that he/she
can record any work done on a weekly basis. The logbook must follow the format as given in the
meeting document form made available in the APPENDIX. Supervisor is required to comment on the
student’s work progress in the logbook. A Weekly meeting between student and supervisor is very
important for monitoring purposes. Students in CEW 591must submit their research progress in the
sixth week of semester to their supervisor for reviewing purposes. This will give the supervisor an
ample time for justification of scope either it is sufficient, too broad or narrow.

Final year project student who has registered for CEW 591will be followed by CEW 592registration
for the following semester. Both subjects are required to submit the progress report and final report
accordingly to the faculty for assessment. They must also attach logbook together with reports on the
fourteen week of corresponding semester. The logbook will act as an evident, in case any dispute
should arise between the respective supervisor and student.

The proposal for the course, CEW 591should contain problem statement, objectives, scope of work,
literature review, theoretical background, preliminary/pilot/trial run data, methodology and expected
outcomes. The final report CEW 592 should contain progress report, primary data, data analysis,
discussion, conclusion and recommendation. These documents must be submitted one week before
presentation for the panels to evaluate the report. Figure 1.1 shows the procedure in implementing FYP
with specific forms to be filled in by the students. The students are advised to follow closely the flow
chart given so that they can accomplish FYP on time without delaying it and by doing so, they will
certainly excel.
 BRIEFING BY THE FYP COORDINATOR

TOPICS REGISTRATION BY STUDENTS/SUPERVISRORS

online
(http://10.100.11.6/online/finalyearproject/FinalYearProjectl(login).php)
(http://10.100.11.6/online/finalyearproject/FinalYearProjectll(login).php)

Submission of Proposal form

PROGRESS REPORT – MEETING DOCUMENTS
Meeting Document Form

SUBMISSION OF DRAF COPIES OF REPORT to supervisor

MAKE RELEVANT CORRECTIONS AND ADMENDMENTS

UNDERGRADUATE SEMINAR–PARALLEL SESSIONS

SEMINAR CEW 591 – 4 DIVISIONS (PANELS)
POSTER PRESENTATIONCEW 592 – 4 DIVISIONS (PANELS)

ASSESSMENT (online) by SUPERVISORS & PANELS

SUBMIT FINAL REPORT TO FACULTY

2 HARD COPY & 3 SOFT COPIES (CD) – Form FYP - 11

Figure 1.1: Flow chart showing the implementation of FYP students

1.7RESEARCHETHICS
Research ethics is one of the important elements to be strictly adhered to by the FYP students. All final
year students should be familiar with the basic ethical principles and have up-to-date knowledge about
policies and procedures designed to ensure the originality of research subjects and to prevent sloppy or
irresponsible research. Therefore, final year students must fully understand the policies and theories
designed to guarantee outstanding research practices. Research is a public trust that must be ethically
conducted, trustworthy, original and socially responsible if the results are to be valuable. All parts of a
research project from the project designed for submission to the results for panels/examiners have to be
outstanding in order to be considered ethical. When even one part of a research project is questionable
or conducted unethically, the integrity of the entire project is called into question.
1.8FORMS
Final year project coordinator will keep the list of research topics in a database. Students shall choose a
topic with selected supervisor before they can register for that particular topic. They can choose the
topic as first come first served basis, submit the form FYP -02 and keep their copy for registration
purposes.

For CEW 591,

1. Students need to submit their project proposal form FYP -03 to the supervisor the sixth week.
2. Before the seminar, students need to submit progress report together with meeting document
form FYP- 04.

For CEW 592,

1. Students need to submit final draft copy together with form FYP- 05.
2. After the corrections, students have to submit the final FYP report together with submission
form FYP-11.

1.9 IMPLEMENTATION OF OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION (OBE)

In implementing Outcome Based Education (OBE) the development of Program Educational
Objectives (PEO) and Program Outcome (PO) are deemed important in addition to a solid foundation
of engineering program as required by Engineering Accreditation Council (EAC). Therefore, the
faculty has underlined Program Educational Objectives (PEO) for all students to achieve within 3 to 5
years upon graduation and Program Outcome (PO) upon students graduation to ensure all generic skills
in becoming professional engineer are acquired by students. The relevance of final year project has
been recognized in any engineering program due to its close relationship with the professional
activities of engineers. For this reason, university courses on engineering have traditionally ended with
the students carrying out a project, usually named “Final Year Project (FYP)”. As one of the
requirements imposed by the Engineering Accreditation Council (EAC), the faculty is offering this
course which is embedded with all generic skills required by students in preparing them to become a
professional engineer.

Consistent with the Vision and Mission of the university, our programme aims and hope to produces
with the following PEO;
PEO 1 : Knowledgeable and technically competent in civil engineering discipline in-line with the
industry requirement
PEO 2 : Effective in communication and demonstrate good leadership quality in an organization
PEO 3 : Capable to solve civil engineering problems innovatively, creatively and ethically through
sustainable approach.
PEO 4 : Able to demonstrate entrepreneurship skills and recognize the need of life long learning for
successful career advancement
Upon the students’ graduation, the students should acquire the following Program Outcome (PO);
PO1 : Ability to acquire and apply basic knowledge of science, mathematics and
engineering.
PO2 : Understanding (ability to implement) the principles of design for sustainable
development.
PO3 : Acquired In depth-technical competence in a civil engineering discipline.
PO4 : Ability to undertake problem identification, formulation and solution
PO5 : Ability to utilize systems approach to design and evaluate operational performance.
PO6 : Ability to be competent in addressing problems related to infrastructures
PO7 : Ability to communicate effectively, not only with engineers but also with the
community at large.
PO8 : Ability to function effectively in a team with social skills and responsibilities.
PO9 : Understanding of the social, cultural, global, ethical and environmental
responsibilities of a professional engineer.
PO10 : Recognizing the need to undertake life-long learning and possessing/acquiring the
capacity to do so.
PO11 : Understanding the knowledge of management and entrepreneurship.
PO12 : Ability to function effectively as a leader or manager.

For the Final Year Project, students will have to take two courses which are CEW 591 and CEW 592 in
their semester 7 and semester 8 respectively.

The Course Outcomes for Final Year Project I CEW 591 are as follows:
CO1: Select specific knowledge of science and engineering and analyze the subject/issues in order to
undertake research project relevant to civil engineering. (C4, CTPS4)
CO2: Organize information in a structures manner to show the present state of the research topic.
(P4, LL2)
CO3: Indicate and formulate the problem statement, establish objectives and research methodology
for research project. (C5, CTPS4)
CO4: Write and defend a research proposal on the relevant work which has been carried out. (A4,
CS3)
The Course Outcomes for Final Year Project II CEW 592 are as follows:
CO1: Interpret the research methodology and project schedule into real activities. (C6, CTPS5)
CO2: Organize, analyze and interpret research findings in a structures manner. (P5, LL2)
CO3: Synthesize and compare the research findings with the existing knowledge to identify the
contribution of the relevant work which has been carried out. (A4, EM2)
CO4: Produce and defend a research report which is addressing the problems related to infrastructure
services and maintenance relevant to the work that has been carried out. (C6, CTPS5)

The Program Outcome which addresses the course outcomes of CEW 591 and CEW 592 are PO4,
PO5, PO6, PO7, PO9 and PO10. The CO-PO matrix is developed based on the Course Outcomes and
Program Outcomes for these courses. From CO-PO matrix, performance criteria are assessed according
to the students’ abilities to achieve the standard which is categorized using the domain as specified in
Bloom’s Taxonomy. The direct instrument such as report writing, research proposal, technical paper
and meeting documents are used to evaluate the students’ performance. All rubric and assessment
criteria prepared as a guideline in assessing students grade in this course are all referred to Bloom’s
Taxonomy Domain with specific Course Outcome (CO) and Program Outcome (PO) chosen for this
course.

Students are required to meet with supervisor every week and meeting documents must be signed by
supervisor to indicate that they have already fulfilled the attendance sheets and progress work. Students
are also advised to record the work in log book and schedule the activities properly using a Gantt
Chart. The comparison can be made between the actual work done and the planned activities so that
students will know whether they are ahead of the schedule or behind the schedule.

The overall assessment of FYP can be conducted based on research proposal, final report, technical
paper and presentation. At the end of each course, students are required to present their work in front of
two different sets of panel examiners. Prior to final submission, students are required to submit their
report to the supervisors to check for contents, flow of sentences, organization and presentation of final
thesis. Panels will assess the students’ report and presentation based on contents, communication skills,
presentation skills, discussion (Question and Answer), objectives, scope of work, problem statement,
literature review, methodology, data collection, analysis and interpretation of results, discussion,
conclusion and recommendations.
 CHAPTER TWO
REPORT WRITING GUIDELINES

2.1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

2.1.1 Length of Thesis
As a general guideline, the length of a:

2.1.1.1 Final Year Project I

Final Year Project I should not exceed 70 pages.

2.1.1.2 Final Year Project II

Final Year Project II should not exceed 100 pages.

2.1.2 Typing and Printing

Microsoft Word software program should be used for typing.

For writing style, candidates can use the APA citation style. A thesis should only use one citation style
that is generally accepted and suits its norm in the field of study and should be used consistently
throughout the dissertation. Candidates are advised to refer to the latest conventions of writing from
websites.

All final copies of the dissertation should be printed on blank A4 quality paper preferably using a laser
printer.

2.1.3 Typeface, Typing Quality and Font Size

The entire text of the report including headings and page numbers must be within the same font or
typeface. “Times New Roman” font should consistently be used throughout the report.

2.1.3.1 Font size

 Text: Times New Roman 12. Text should not be scripted or italicized except for:
 Scientific names, terms in a different language, and quotation.

2.1.3.2 Footnotes
 Footnotes for tables/figures should not be less than 9 points. Script or lettering produced
by dot matrix printer or typewriters, or by hand is not acceptable.

Bold prints of 12 point may be used for headings and subheadings within the chapter. Crossing-out of
letters or words is not permitted. Any form of patching is not allowed. The report must be clean and
not stained by any pen markings.
2.1.4 Margins
The margins for the general text are as follows:

Top edge : 2.5cm

Right side : 2.0cm
Left side : 3.5cm
Bottom edge : 2.5cm

All information namely the text heading, footnotes, illustration and figures should be within these
margins.

Note: It is imperative that the page set-up is formatted accordingly prior to the drafting of the
thesis.

2.1.5 Paragraph
Every paragraph should not be indented.

A new paragraph at the bottom of a page must have at least two full lines of text. If not, it should begin
on the next page.

All paragraphs should be “justified”.

2.1.6 Spacing
Use double spacing between lines and paragraphs with exceptions of the following which have triple
spacing:

 Between Headings and Text.

 Text and Headings

 Text and Equations

 Text and Tables

 Text and Figures

2.1.7Pagination
All pages in the preliminary section such as Acknowledgements, Table of Contents etc. should be
numbered in consecutive lower case Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv, etc.), except for the Title page which
is suppressed.

All pages of the main text including the references or bibliography, appendices, tables and figures
should be numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.).
Page numbers must not be punctuated, bracketed, hyphenated nor accompanied by any decorative
symbols and should be bottom centered. The position of the page number must be consistent
throughout the dissertation.
Each appendix should be identified separately using a capital letter (Appendix A, Appendix B, etc.) on
the top center of the page. No separator pages are allowed.

2.1.8 Headings and Subheadings

All headings (except Level 1 heading) and subheadings should be numbered and bold. The
following table illustrates the format of the heading and subheadings.

Table 2.1: Format of headings

Headings Levels

Centered, Bold, Uppercase Heading Level 1

e.g. CHAPTER 1

NEW TRENDS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Numbered, Bold, Aligned Left, Uppercase Heading Level 2

e.g. 1.0 INTRODUCTION

Numbered, Bold, Aligned Left, Capitalise Each Word Heading Level 3

e.g. 2.1 Construction Industry

Indented, Bold, Aligned Left, Capitalise Each Word Heading Level 4

e.g. 2.1.1 Malaysian Construction Industry

2.1.2 International Construction Industry

Indented, Bold, Aligned Left, Sentence Case Heading Level 5

e.g. 2.1.1.1 Types of work

2.1.9Tables and Figures

Tables must be centered within the prescribed margins. Each table must bear a reference number (in
Arabic numerals) and a caption. They should be numbered consecutively and grouped according to
chapter. For example, tables in chapter 5 should be numbered as Table 5.1, Table 5.2, and so on. The
first number indicates tables in that chapter. The caption should appear above the table.

Table 2.2: Experimental Results

Concrete Average
Tab Bond
Specimen Strength, No. of Failure Load, Failure
Label fcu
Spacing
Tabs
Strength
lt(mm) N (kN) Load, N
(N/mm2) (MPa)
(kN)
SC(G1-1) 40 173
SC(G1-2) 40
- - 175 0.4
176
ST75(G1-1) 40 75 260
ST75(G1-2) 40 75
10 263 0.60
265
ST100(G1-1) 40 100 249
ST100(G1-2) 40 100
8 262 0.60
284
ST150(G1-1) 40 150 220
ST150(G1-2) 40 150
6 227 0.52
192
ST300(G1-1) 40 300 222
ST300(G1-2) 40 300
4 215 0.49
208

Figures may be in the form of illustrations, graphs, maps, charts and diagrams. They should be
numbered in sequence in the same manner as for the tables. Title for Figure is placed below that figure.
If the table and/or figure are reproduced from other works, the reference must be cited accordingly.

residual strength

Pb

I II III
Region I: micro locking
Region II: loss of bond
Region III: macro locking

5 10 25

Slip (mm)

Figure 2.1: Idealized force-slip curve for a CFTs with tab stiffeners
2.1.10 Equations and Formulas
Every equation should be numbered according to the chapter where it appears. For example, the first equation in
Chapter 2 should be numbered as:

σ = Eε (2.1)

2.1.11 Paper and Duplication

A quality plain white paper (80 gm) of A4 size should be used for all copies of the report. Print text or
illustrations only on one side of each sheet. Only the original copy is acceptable.

2.1.12 Binding and Submission

Prior to submission, three copies of spiral bound of the report should be submitted to the Final Year
Final year project coordinator. After presentation, two copy of corrected report should be submitted in
the form of hard bind copy and also in the form of CD. The folder in the CD is organized into 3,
namely the preliminary (contains title page, content, acknowledgement etc), Main body, such as
Chapter one, Chapter 2 etc, and lastly References and Appendices.
2.2 LAYOUT AND ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENTS

Basically, a thesis consists of three parts:

 the preliminary section
 the text or main body, usually divided into chapters and sections
 the reference materials, usually consisting of references or bibliography and appendices

The contents of each part should be arranged in a logical order using heading and sub-headings, all
correctly numbered (see 2.1.8).

The following section is an example of how various sections in a thesis are arranged. It is
recommended that this sequencing be used as a guide; not every thesis includes all the items suggested.

2.2.1 Preliminary Section

The suggested layout for preliminary section has been illustrated in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3 Suggestion of Content Arrangement

Item Remarks

1.0 Preliminary Section

Blank leaf
Title page Not paginated but counted as 'i'
Author’s Declaration Paginated as ii
Abstract Paginated as iii (continuing lower case Roman numeral on preceding
page pagination); listed in Table of Contents
Acknowledgement Paginated; listed in Table of Contents
Table of Contents
List of Tables Paginated (continuing lower case Roman numeral on preceding page
List of Figures pagination); listed in Table of Contents
List of Plates
List of Abbreviations/ Paginated (continuing lower case Roman numeral on preceding page
Symbils pagination); listed in Table of Contents

2.0 Text
Main body (Chapters) Paginated beginning with page 1 (Arabic numerals)
References and/or Paginated with the running number continuing from the last page of
Bibliography the text
Appendices Insert a leaf (the separator) with the word ‘APPENDICES’ in the
centre of the page; appendices are paginated with the running number
from the last page of the text. This separator sheet is not paginated.
Blank Leaf
2.2.1.1 Thesis Cover

Figure 2.2 shows the sample of thesis cover. Thesis cover should contain the following
information:

a) Binding : Hard Bound buckrum

b) Colour : Black

c) Cover : All words should using 18 point GOLD BLOCK FONT and bold with
this particulars :
 Title of Thesis - must be capitalized
 Name of Candidate - must be capitalized
 Degree for which the thesis is submitted - must type in title case
 Name of university - must be capitalized
 Year of Submission - must be capitalized

d) Spine : All words should using 24 point GOLD BLOCK FONT and bold with
this particulars :
 Degree for which the thesis is submitted - must type in title case
 Month and Year of submission (e.g: September 2013)

2.2.1.2Title Page

Figure 2.3 shows the sample of thesis title page. The title page of thesis should contain the
following information:

a) Title of Thesis - should reflect the content of the thesis and omitting words
such as ‘An Investigation..”, “ An analysis…”, “A study
of…”.
- Should be centered, capitalized, bold and single-spaced

b) Name of Candidate - must be capitalized and bold

c) The Degree for which the thesis is submitted - must type in title case

d) The name of university spelt out in full, bold, capitalized and centered:
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

e) The month and year in which thesis is submitted.

- e.g: September 2013
- must be capatalised and bold
- stated below the university name

2.2.1.3 Declaration

The candidate should include on the page before the abstract page, a signed author’s declaration stating
the material presented for examination is her/his own work or how far the work contained in the
dissertation was the candidate’s own work, and stating that the dissertation is not being submitted for
any other academic award. Figure 2.4 shows the sample of declaration sheet by candidate.
 3 cm

5 cm
B. Eng. (Hons) Civil (Infra)

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN
MALAYSIA
(capital and centered)
DANIEL ABDULLAH

DANIEL ABDULLAH
(horizontally and vertically centered)

Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Civil (Infrstructure)

July 2013

UNIVERSITY TEKNOLOGI MARA

2013
5 cm
3 cm

Spine Cover

Figure 2. 2: Sample of Spine and Cover of the Report

 5 cm

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN
MALAYSIA
(capital and centered, 14-point Black font)

By
1-spacing
DANIEL ABDULLAH
(horizontally and vertically centered, 12-point font)

This report is submitted as a

partial requirement for the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Civil (Infrstructure)
(12-point font)

2-spacing

UNIVERSITY TEKNOLOGI MARA

JULY 2013
(12-point block font)

5 cm

Figure 2. 3: Sample of the Title Page

 DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

I declare that the work in this thesis was carried out in accordance with the regulations of
Universiti Teknologi MARA. It is original and is the results of my own work, unless otherwise
indicated or acknowledged as referenced work. This topic has not been submitted to any other
academic institution or non-academic institution for any degree or qualification.

I, hereby, acknowledge that I have been supplied with the Academic Rules and Regulations for
Under Graduate, Universiti Teknologi MARA, regulating the conduct of my study and research.

Name of Candidate : Daniel Abdullah

Candidate I.D. No. : 2013211312

Programme : Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Civil (Infrastructure)

Faculty : Civil Engineering

Thesis Tittle : Infrastructure Development in Malaysia

Signature of Candidate : ……………………………………………..

Date : Jan 2014

Figure 2. 4: Sample of Declaration Sheet by the Candidate

2.2.1.4 Abstract

The abstract should give a brief statement of the research problems, aims of the research,
methodologies used, key findings in the context of the whole study, and implications of the study. It
should be typed in single spacing and should be between 150 to 200 words. The abstract is to be placed
immediately before Acknowledgement and after the Declaration thesis.

2.2.1.5 Acknowledgement

A brief statement of appreciation in recognition of any special assistance rendered to the candidate
during the period of research should be included. It should be typed in single spacing and should not
exceed one page in length.

2.2.1.6 Table of Contents

Titles of chapters, headings, and subheadings must be listed in the Table of Contents and must be
worded exactly as they appear in the body of the dissertation.

All headings and subheadings are numbered and to be justified to the left.

2.2.1.7 List of Tables and Figures

The numbers and the captions must be listed in the order they appear in the text.

2.2.1.8 List of Symbols and Abbreviations

List of Symbols, Abbreviations or Nomenclature must appear after the lists of tables, figures, and
plates arranged in alphabetical order.

2.2.2 Text or Main Body of Thesis

The text is made up of a number of chapters. The major chapters of the dissertation should include but
not limited to the following:

a) Introduction
This section contains the details of the background, the problem statement, significance and
objectives of the study. It should also give the outline of research as correct and extremely
concise as possible.

b) Literature Review
This section includes a fully-referenced review and discussion of previous studies which are
relevant to the research. It should include the subject area background information, theoretical
background and should be a critical review of others.

c) Research Methodology/ Materials and Methods

This section contains the detailed description of the research methods and
instruments/materials used. The research methods should include experimental design, the
number of subjects, apparatus, proposed analysis and etc.
 d) Results/Data Analysis
This section presents the result and analysis of data in a logical order with relevant figures each
with proper descriptive texts.

e) Discussion
This section presents an analytical discussion of the main findings in relation to the hypothesis,
which highlights their significance and implications.

f) Conclusion and Recommendation

This section highlights the major findings of the study in line with the specified objectives. It
should also discuss the possibility for further research based on the results.

Candidates may make changes to the above structure of the thesis according to the nature of their
research.

2.2.3 Reference Materials

2.2.3.1Reference List Format

This section begins on a fresh page bearing the heading REFERENCES in capital letters, centered
without punctuation, 3.0 cm from the top. The list of references begins four spaces below the heading
and is single spaced in the same citation but double-spaced between citations. This list must include all
the references that candidates have cited in the text of the thesis.
It is recommended that candidates use the APA citation style. A thesis should only use one citation
style that is generally accepted and suits its norm in the field of study. The selected citation style
should be used consistently.
Candidates are advised to refer to the latest conventions of referencing from websites. Samples of the
APA styles are given below:

Author(s).(Date of Publication).Title of book. Place: Publisher.

Author(s).(Date of Publication).Title of chapter or article.Title of book .

Place: Publisher.

a) Journal article:

Redwood, R.G., and Jain, A.K. 1992. Code provisions for seismic design for concentrically
braced steel frames. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 19(6): 1025–1031.

b) Journal article available online only (with URL):

Van der Sanden, J.J., and Hoekman.D.H. 2005. Review of relationships between grey-tone co-
occurrence, semivariance, and autocorrelation based image texture analysis approaches
[online]. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 31(3): 207–213. Available
from http://pubs.casi.ca.nrc/doi/abs/10.5589/m05-008[accessed 9 September 2005].

c) Journal article available online only (with DOI):

Van der Sanden, J.J., and Hoekman.D.H. 2005. Review of relationships between grey-tone co-
occurrence, semivariance, and autocorrelation based image texture analysis approaches
[online]. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 31(3): 207–213. doi:10.1139/rs03-011.

d) Report:

Sanders, W.W., Jr., and Elleby, H.A. 1970. Distribution of wheel loads in highway bridges.
National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 83, Transportation Research Board,
National Research Council, Washington, D.C.

e) Book:

Williams, R.A. 1987. Communication systems analysis and design. Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, N.J.

f) Part of book:

Healey, M.C. 1980. The ecology of juvenile salmon in Georgia Strait, British
Columbia. In Salmonid ecosystems of the North Pacific. Edited by W.J. McNeil and D.C.
Himsworth. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oreg. pp. 203–229.

g) Paper in conference proceedings:

Hardin, B.O. 1978. The nature of stress–strain behaviour for soils.State-of-the-art

report. In Proceedings of the Specialty Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Soil
Dynamics, Pasadena, Calif., 19–21 June 1978. American Society of Civil Engineers, New
York, pp. 3–90.

h) Institutional publications and pamphlets:

Dzikowski, P.A., Kirby, G., Read, G., and Richards, W.G. 1984. The climate for agriculture in
Atlantic Canada.Available from the Atlantic Advisory Committee on Agrometeorology,
Halifax, N.S. Publ. ACA 84-2-500.Agdex No. 070.

i) Corporate author:

American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water
Pollution Control Federation. 1975. Standard methods for the examination of water and
wastewater. 14th ed. American Public Health Association, American Water Works
Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, D.C.
2.2.3.2 Citing references

a) Examples of citing from one author:

Author as part of the text, the year of publication in parenthesis.

Kennedy (2004) further stressed that it is evident ...

Author and year in parenthesis.

..... toward class and other students (Weinstein, 2007).

b) Examples of citing from two authors:

Cite both names each time the reference appears in the text. Do not use et al.

Kennedy and Albert (2004) further stressed that it is evident ...

Authors and year in parenthesis, use the symbol ‘&’ to separate the authors, followed by comma to
separate the year.

...toward class and other students (Weber & John, 2007).

c) Examples of citing from three and more authors:

Cite all the name of the authors the first time you cite.

Diehl, Parks, and Mauro (2006) pointed out ...

Cite the same three and more authors within the same paragraph.

In this situation, cite the first author followed by et al. and exclude the year

Diehl et al. also...

Cite the same three and more authors in subsequent paragraphs.

In this case, cite the first author, et al., and include the year of publication.
 Diehl et al. (2006) discovered ...

For each chapter cite the references as if that is the first time you cite.

2.2.3.3 Appendices

This section may contain supplementary illustrative materials such as original data, questionnaires,
formulas and quotations too long for inclusion in the text or not immediately essential to the
understanding of the subject. A description of lengthy experimental methods or the list of names of
participants may be included.

This section may be divided into Appendix A, Appendix B, etc and centered. Each appendix with its
title should be listed separately in the Table of Contents as a first order subdivision under the heading
APPENDICES.

Tables and figures in the Appendices must be numbered and captioned and also listed in the List of
Tables and List of Figures in the Preliminary Section.

2.2.3.4 Frequent questions normally asked by Final Year Project Students

Q: How do I choose a suitable topic for FYP?

A: The research topics are proposed by FKA lecturers and will be released to students at the end
of Semester 6 between 13 to 15 weeks according the academic calendar. The students can book
the topic by filling the booking form contains in this manual.

Q: Can students propose topics for the FYP?

A: Yes, they can but subjected to the supervisor’s approval.

Q: Who will be selected to supervise my FYP?

A: The lecturer in the relevant field of expertise will supervise the student based on the proposed
topics.

Q: How many students can be supervised by a supervisor?

A: A lecturer is allowed to supervise a total number of students between 2-3 students.

Q: What is the main criterion of a lecturer to supervise FYP students?

A: The lecturer must have at least a Master Degree and is not on study leave. Lecturer on study
leave is not allowed to supervise FYP student.

Q: Can a lecturer from other faculties supervise the FYP students?

A: Yes, they can, but subjected to the approval from Dean of Civil Engineering.
 CHAPTER THREE
FORMAT FOR TECHNICAL PAPER

The technical paper should be single-spaced, on paper size A4, top and bottom margin of
25mm, left and right margin of 20mm. Each page should be numbered, beginning with the title
page. The technical paper will include, in the following order, title page, abstract, main body
of the text, acknowledgements and references, and appendices (if any).An example of a
technical paper is provided in the appendix section of this handbook.

3.1 Title page

The title page should contain the following. (i) The full title of the paper. (ii) Authors list
namely; the student’s followed by all their respective supervisors. (iii) Affiliation and address
for each author. (iv) Name, address, telephone number, and e-mail address of the author
responsible for correspondence.

The title should be brief and typed in CAPITAL letters, 16 points Times New Roman, bold
and with at least 1 inch (25 cm) margin from top of the page. If more than one line is required
it should be single-spaced.

Allow a single space after title to type the name of candidate and supervisor/(s). followed
immediately with an address of correspondence with e-mail.

The title must be located at the top page and centered. It should be bolted with size 16pt. The
authors’ names together with affiliations should be formatted as follows :

PAPER TITLE
(16 PT, TIMES NEW ROMAN, BOLD STYLE)

First author’s name1, Second author’s name2, Third author’s name3

(Family name, initials: Nasir, A.B)(11 pt, Times New Roman, Italic)
1
Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 13500 Permatang
Pauh, Pulau Pinang. (10 pt, Times New Roman)
2
Researcher, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam,
Selangor D.E.
3
Engineer, Wastewater Planning Unit, Indah Water Consortium, Seberang Prai, Pulau Pinang.
(10 pt, Times New Roman)

3.2Abstract

The abstract should state the academic rationale (purpose) of the work, the design and
methods used in the study, key results and trends, and lastly implications and conclusions of
your work. The abstract should not be more than 200 words. Include a list of not more than 5
Key words and place them directly below the abstract.
The abstract should be in Capitalized Bold Times New Roman font, size 11 pt. The abstract
text must be single-lined in font size 11 pt, Times New Roman. It should contain an overview
of your research work together with the outcomes.

Keywords: Five keywords are to be listed here which is contained in the abstract. The
keywords should be arranged in alphabetical order and use the same format as in the abstract.

3.3Main Body of the Technical Paper

Generally, the main body of a technical paper should consist, the introduction, the literature
review, the methodology, and finished with a discussion, final comment and the conclusions.
The Body text should be written in Times New Roman 12 pt, single spacing. Headings should
be limited to three levels and numbered appropriately using decimal system. Main headings
should be written in Times New Roman bold 14 pt. Subheadings should be written in Times
New Roman bold of 12 pt. Provide a single line (12 pt) space between the previous section
and all headings. Heading numbers should be left aligned with the text indented 10 mm. A
heading that would otherwise be stranded at the bottom of a page should be moved to the top
of the following page by adding a blank line before it.

3.3.1 Captions and lettering in figures and tables

The captions of figures and tables should be written in Times New Roman italic 12 pt, single
spaced. Create graphs and line drawings electronically, and insert them electronically into the
finished document. Photographs should also be inserted electronically into the document. All
figures and tables must be inserted near the location where they are first described. Provide a
figure number and caption below each figure or photograph and a table number and caption
above each table. Tables should have borders for top and bottom and under headings.

3.3.2Equations
Equations should be presented clearly, triple-spacing should be used if superscripts and (or)
subscripts are involved. Superscripts and subscripts should be legible and carefully placed.
Distinguish between lowercase l and the numeral one, and between capital O and the
numeral zero. A letter or symbol should represent only one entity and be used consistently
throughout the paper. Each variable must be defined in the text, or in a List of symbols to
appear after the reference list. Variables representing vectors, matrices, vector matrices, and
tensors must be clearly identified. Numbers identifying equations must be in square brackets
and placed flush with the left margin.

3.4Acknowledgement
Acknowledgements should be written in the third person and kept to a concise recognition of
relevant contributions.
3.5References

The author is responsible for verifying each reference against the original article. Each
reference must be cited in the text using the surnames of the authors and the year, for
example, (Walpole 1985) or Green and Brown (2004). Depending on the sentence
construction, the names may or may not be in parentheses, but the year must be. If there are
three or more authors, the citation should give the name of the first author followed by et al.
(e.g., Green et al. 2001). If references occur that are not uniquely identified by the authors’
names and year, use a, b, c, etc., after the year, for example, Green 1993a, 1993b; Green and
Brown 1998a, 1998b, for the text citation and in the reference list. The reference list should be
provided in a same manner as discussed in section 2.3(a) of this guideline.
 CHAPTER FOUR
FORMAT FOR POSTER PRESENTATION
REFERENCES
1. Haryati Awang, Khafilah Din, Norliyati Mohd Amin, Md. Rasul Mohamad Nor, Siti
Rashidah Mohd Nasir and Turahim Abd Hamid, (2003), Guidelines in conducting Final
Year Project, UiTM Malaysia.

2. Nor Hayati Abdul Hamid, Turahim Abd. Hamid and Zahrullaili Yahya, (2009), Final Year
Project Guidelines.

3. Redman, P., 2006. Good essay writing: a social sciences guide. 3rd ed. London: Open
University in assoc. with Sage.

4. Owen Williams, (2009), American Psychological Association (APA) Format, University

of Minnesota, Crookston.

5. Clotilda Petrus, Hanizah Abdul Hamid, Azmi Ibrahim, and Joe Davylyn Nyuin, (2011),
Bond strength in concrete filled built-up steel tube columns with tab stiffeners, Canadian
Journal Civil Engineering, Vol. 38: pg. 627–637

6. Nor Hafida Hashim, Siti Isma Hani Ismail, Ruqayah Ismail, Norazliza Akbar, Nur Ashikin
Marzuki, (2012), Poster Presentation: Innovation of Environmental Friendly Concrete with
Reinforced Plastic for Sustainable Concrete Construction, UiTM Pulau Pianang.