TRUSS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (FULL TRUSS 2)

References: Steel Design 5th Edition by William Segui (Chapter 3)

National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015 7th Edition Volume I
ASEP Handbook of Structural Steel Shapes and Sections

Specifications

a. Length of purlins
L=m
b. Slope of roof
θ = tan-1 (1.4/3.05) = 25°
c. Inclined Length of Roof
Inclined length = √1.42 + 3.052 = 3.36 m
d. Purlin Spacing
Assuming 6 purlins will be used
S = 3.36/6 = 0.55m
e. No of Lines of Sag Rod = 6
f. Roof Slope = (1.4/3.05)(100) = 45.9 %
g. Tributary Area of Purlin = 3(0.55) = 1.65 m2
h. Spacing of Each Truss = 2.11 m
LOAD ACTING ON TRUSS

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 ASEP Handbook
Metal Deck = 9.171 𝑚2 × 9.81 𝑠2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗 𝒌𝑷𝒂
Part 5: Metal Deck

Roof Live Load = 1.0 𝑘𝑃𝑎 Section 205.4, NSCP 2015

Roof Dead Load = 0.05 𝑘𝑃𝑎 Table 204-2, NSCP 2015

Wind Pressure = −3.35𝑠𝑖𝑛25 = −1.42 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 𝒌𝑵
Purlin Dead Load: C8x18.75 = 28.0 𝑚 × 9.81 𝑠2 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝟓 𝒎

Calculation of Loads:
Wind Load = -1.42(3.36)(2.11) = -10.07 kN
Dead Load (Exclusive of Purlins) = Deck: 0.09 kPa
Roof: 0.05 kPa
Total: 0.14 kPa
Total Dead Load = 0.14(3.36)(2.11) = 0.99 kN
Total Live Load = 1.0(3.36)(2.11) = 7.09 kN
Total Purlin Weight = 0.275(2.11)(6) = 3.48 kN
Estimate the truss weight as 10% of the other loads:
0.10(-10.07+0.99+7.09+3.48) = 0.15 kN

Load at Interior Joints B, D, H, F, and J,:

0.99 0.15
𝑫= + + 0.275(2.11)(3) = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟐 𝒌𝑵
3 3
−10.07
𝑾= = −𝟑. 𝟑𝟔 𝒌𝑵
3
7.09
𝑳𝒓 = = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟔𝒌𝑵
3
Load at exterior joint (A and L), the tributary roof area is half of that at an interior
joint. The corresponding loads are:
0.99 0.15
𝑫= + + 0.275(2.11)(1.5) = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟔 𝒌𝑵
3(2) 3(2)
−10.07
𝑾= = −𝟏. 𝟔𝟖 𝒌𝑵
3(2)
7.09
𝑳𝒓 = = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟖 𝒌𝑵
3(2)
Solution for Loadings

Pu = 1.2D + 1.6Lr + 0.5W Section 203.3.1, NSCP 2015

Combination 203-3
At an interior joint,
Pu = 1.2(2.12) + 1.6(2.36) + 0.5(-3.36) = 4.65 kN
At an exterior joint,
Pu = 1.2(1.06) + 1.6(1.18) + 0.5(-1.68) = 2.32 kN

Determination of Reactions

RA = RL
ΣFy = 0 = -2.32(2) – 4.65(5) + 2RA
RA = 13.95 kN
RL = 13.95kN

Method of Joints
@A
ΣFY = 0 = -2.32 + 13.95 + ABsin25º
AB = -27.52 kN (Compression)
ΣFX = 0 = -27.52cos 25º + AC
AC = 24.94kN (Tension)
@C
ΣFY = 0 = BC
BC = 0
ΣFX = 0 = -24.94 + CE
CE = 24.94 kN (Tension)
@B
ΣFY = 0 = -(-27.52) sin25º– 4.65 – BEsin25.6º+ BDsin25º
①BE = 16.16 + 0.98BD
ΣFX = 0 = -(-27.52)cos 25º + BDcos 25º + BEcos 25.6º
②BE = -27.65– BD
Substitute ① to ② Substitute BD to ②
16.16 + 0.98BD = -27.65 – BD BE = -27.65 – (-22.13)
BD = -22.13 kN (Compression) BE = -5.52 kN (Compression)

@E

ΣFY = 0 = -5.52sin25.6º + DE
DE = 2.39 kN ( Tension)
ΣFX = 0 = - (24.94) + (5.52)cos 25.6º + EG
EG = 19.96 kN (Tension)
@D
ΣFY = 0 = - (-22.13)sin25º – 4.65 - 2.39- DGsin43.3º +
DFsin25º

③ DG = 3.37 +0.62 DF

ΣFX = 0 = - (-22.13)cos 25º + DGcos 43.3º + DFcos

25º
④ DG = -27.56 -1.25DF

Substitute ③ to ④ Substitute DF to ④

3.37 + 0.62DF = -27.56–1.25DF DG = -27.56 –1.25(-16.54)

DF = -16.54 kN (Compression) DG = -6.89 kN (Compression)

@G

ΣFY = 0 = -6.89sin43.3º – 6.89sin43.3º + GF

GF = 9.45 kN (Tension)
Since truss is symmetrical:
AC = KL AB = JL
BC = JK BD = JH
BE = IJ CE = IK
ED = HI DG = GH
DF = FH EG = GI

Summary of Results

Bottom Member Vertical Members

Member Axial Force Member Axial Force

AC 𝟐𝟒. 𝟗𝟒𝒌𝑵 (𝑻) BC 0

CE 𝟐𝟒. 𝟗𝟒 𝒌𝑵 (𝑻) DE 2.39 kN( T)

EG 𝟏𝟗. 𝟗𝟔 𝒌𝑵 (𝑻) FG
9.45 kN( T)
GI 𝟏𝟗. 𝟗𝟔 𝒌𝑵 (𝑻)
HI 2.39 kN( T)
IK 𝟐𝟒. 𝟗𝟒 𝒌𝑵 (𝑻)
JK 0
KL 𝟐𝟒. 𝟗𝟒 𝒌𝑵 (𝑻)

Diagonal Members

Member Axial Force Member Axial Force

AB 𝟐𝟕. 𝟓𝟐 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪) BD 𝟐𝟐. 𝟏𝟑 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪)

BE 𝟓. 𝟓𝟐 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪) DF 𝟏𝟔. 𝟓𝟒 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪)

DG 𝟔. 𝟖𝟗 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪) FH 𝟏𝟔. 𝟓𝟒 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪)

 GH 𝟔. 𝟖𝟗 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪) HJ 𝟐𝟐. 𝟏𝟑 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪)

IJ 𝟓. 𝟓𝟐 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪) JL 𝟐𝟕. 𝟓𝟐 𝒌𝑵 (𝑪)

DESIGN OF BOLTED CONNECTIONS

Use A325 10-mm diameter bolts

Minimum Tensile Strength NSCP 2015, Table
510.3.2
𝐹𝑛𝑡 = 620 𝑀𝑃𝑎
For Design Tension
𝑃 = 𝐴𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡 𝐹𝑛𝑡 𝑛

Member AB
Tensile Strength
𝜋
27.52 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0.283𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
Member BC
Tensile Strength
𝜋
0= (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔

Member AC
Tensile Strength
𝜋
24.94 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0.256 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
Member CE
Tensile Strength
𝜋
24.94 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0.256 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
Member BE
Tensile Strength
𝜋
5.52 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0.057 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕
Member BD
Tensile Strength
𝜋
22.13 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0.227 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔

Member DE
Tensile Strength
𝜋
2.39 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0.025 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
Member EG
Tensile Strength
𝜋
19.96 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0.201𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔

Member DG
Tensile Strength
𝜋
6.89 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0.071𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔

Member DF
Tensile Strength
𝜋
16.54 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0.170 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
Member FG
Tensile Strength
𝜋
6.96 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0.072 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕

Member GI
Tensile Strength
𝜋
19.96 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0.201𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔

Member GH
Tensile Strength
𝜋
6.89 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0.071𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔

Member FH
Tensile Strength
𝜋
16.54 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0.170 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔

Member HI
Tensile Strength
𝜋
2.39 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0.025 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔

Member IJ
Tensile Strength
𝜋
5.52 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
 𝑛 = 0.057 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕

Member IK
Tensile Strength
𝜋
24.94 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0.256 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔

Member HJ
Tensile Strength
𝜋
22.13 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0.227 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
Member KL
Tensile Strength
𝜋
24.94 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0.256 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
Member JK
Tensile Strength
𝜋
0= (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
Member JL
Tensile Strength
𝜋
27.52 = (10 𝑚𝑚)2 (620 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2)𝑛
4
𝑛 = 0.283 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝟏 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔

Summary of Results for Bolted Connection

Bottom Member Vertical Members

 Member Number of Bolts Member Number of Bolts

AC 1 BC 1

CE 1 DE 1

EG 1 FG
1
GI 1
HI 1
IK 1
JK 1
KL 1

Diagonal Members

Member Number of Bolts Member Number of Bolts

AB 1 BD 1

BE 1 DF 1

DG 1 FH 1

GH 1 HJ 1

IJ 1 JL 1

Design of Tension Members

Maximum Tension Load = 24.94 kN (Member AC, CE, IK, KL)

At these Members (Member AC, CE, IK, KL), Use 1-bolts, 1-line

Use A36 Steel; (𝐹𝑦 = 250 𝑀𝑃𝑎 ; 𝐹𝑢 = 400 𝑀𝑃𝑎)

For the gross section,

𝐹𝐾𝑀 24.94 𝑘𝑁
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑔 = = = 110.8444 𝑚𝑚2
0.90𝐹𝑦 0.90(250 𝑀𝑃𝑎)

Assume a conservative value of 𝑈 = 0.60

𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑒 = 𝐴𝑔 𝑈 = (110.8444)(0.6) = 66.5067 𝑚𝑚2

Try WT5x11 ASEP Handbook of Structural Steel Shapes and Sections

Properties: Ag = 2090 mm2 ry = 33.72 mm rx = 37.02 mm

bf = 146.1 mm d = 129 mm tw = 6.1 mm

W = 16.4 kg/m tf = 9.1 mm

𝐴𝑔 = 2090 𝑚𝑚2 > 110.8444 𝑚𝑚2 (𝑂𝐾!)

Shear Lag Factor: Case 7 Table 504.3.1, NSCP

2015

2
𝑏𝑓 ≥ 𝑑
3
2
(0.1461 𝑚) ≥ (0.1290)
3
0.1461 𝑚 > 0.086 𝑚
∴ 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝑼 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎

𝐴𝑒 = 𝐴𝑔 𝑈 = (2090 𝑚𝑚2 )(0.9)

𝐴𝑒 = 1881 𝑚𝑚2 > 66.5067 𝑚𝑚2 (𝑂𝐾!)
CHECKING
For Yielding
𝑃𝑢 ≤ 0.90𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑔
24.94 𝑘𝑁 ≤ 0.90(250 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(2090 𝑚𝑚2 )
24.94 𝑘𝑁 < 470.25 𝑘𝑁 (𝑂𝐾!)
For Fracture
𝑃𝑢 ≤ 0.75𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑒
24.94 𝑘𝑁 ≤ 0.75(400 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(1881 𝑚𝑚2 )
24.94 𝑘𝑁 < 564.300 𝑘𝑁 (𝑂𝐾!)

∴ 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝑾𝑻𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟏 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑴𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔

Design of Compression Members

Maximum Compression Load = 27.52 kN (Member AB)
K = 0.8 m L=1.159 m
Use A36 Steel; (𝐹𝑦 = 250 𝑀𝑃𝑎 ; 𝐹𝑢 = 400 𝑀𝑃𝑎)

E = 200 GPa
Use an arbitrary choice of two-thirds Fy for Fcr
2
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = (250 𝑀𝑃𝑎) = 166.67 𝑀𝑃𝑎
3
For the gross section,

𝐹𝐴𝐵 27.52 𝑘𝑁
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑔 = = = 183.463 𝑚𝑚2
0.90𝐹𝑐𝑟 0.90(166.67 𝑀𝑃𝑎)

Try WT5x16.5 ASEP Handbook of Structural Steel Shapes and Sections

Properties: Ag = 3129 mm2 ry = 49.34 mm rx = 32.02 mm

bf = 202.2 mm d = 123.4 mm tw = 7.4 mm

W = 24.6 kg/m tf = 11.0 mm

𝐴𝑔 = 3129 𝑚𝑚2 > 183.463 𝑚𝑚2 (𝑂𝐾!)

𝐾𝐿 0.8(1.159) 𝑚
= = 28.96 < 200 (𝑂𝐾!)
𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.03202 𝑚
𝜋 2𝐸 𝜋 2 (200000 𝑀𝑃𝑎)
𝐹𝑒 = = = 2353.6 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐾𝐿 2 28.962
(𝑟 )

𝐸 200000 𝑀𝑃𝑎
4.71√ = 4.71√ = 133.2189
𝐹𝑦 250 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝐾𝐿 𝐸
Since 𝑟
< 4.71√𝐹
𝑦

𝐹𝑦 250
𝐹𝑐𝑟 = (0.658 𝐹𝑒 ) 𝐹𝑦 = (0.6582353.6 ) 250 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 239.13 𝑀𝑃𝑎

CHECKING

𝑃𝑢 ≤ 0.9𝐹𝑐𝑟 𝐴𝑔
27.52𝑘𝑁 ≤ 0.9(239.13 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(3129 𝑚𝑚2 )
27.52 𝑘𝑁 < 673.414 𝑘𝑁

∴ 𝑼𝒔𝒆 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟔. 𝟓 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑴𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓

Summary of Results for Design Truss

Bottom Member Vertical Members

Member Steel Section Member Steel Section

AC 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟏 BC 𝟎

CE 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟏 DE 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟏

EG 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟏 FG
𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟏
GI 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟏
HI 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟏
IK 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟏
JK 𝟎
KL 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟏

Diagonal Members

Member Steel Section Member Steel Section

AB 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟔. 𝟓 BD 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟔. 𝟓

BE 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟔. 𝟓 DF 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟔. 𝟓

DG 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟔. 𝟓 FH 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟔. 𝟓

GH 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟔. 𝟓 HJ 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟔. 𝟓

IJ 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟔. 𝟓 JL 𝑾𝑻 𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟔. 𝟓