MUSIC  Rhythm is shaped by meter; it has certain elements such

as beat and tempo.

PHILIPPINE MUSIC Tempo
 The Italian word at the beginning of a music piece that
ELEMENTS OF MUSIC indicates how slow or fast the piece should be played
Beat and Meter Texture
 Beats give music its regular rhythmic pattern. Beats are  Number of layers as well as the type of layers used in a
grouped together in a measure; the notes and rests composition and how these layers are related
corresponds to a certain number of beats.  Texture may be monophonic (single melodic line),
 Meter refers to rhythmic patterns produced by grouping polyphonic (two or more melodic lines) and homophonic (a
together strong and weak beats. Meter may be in duple (2 main melody accompanied by chords).
beats in a measure), triple (3 beats in a measure), Timbre
quadruple (4 beats in a measure) and so on.  Also known as tone color
Dynamics  It refers to the quality of sound that distinguishes one
 Abbreviations or symbols used to signify the degree of voice or instrument from another
loudness or softness of a piece of music.  Timbre may range anywhere from dull to lush, from dark
 Indicates whether there is a change in volume to bright (such as the sound of glockenspiels)
Harmony
 Refers to the combination of notes (or chords) played TRADITIONAL PHILIPPINE MUSIC
together  Has been influenced by other cultures as a result of either
 relationship between a series of chords intercultural meetings or colonization
 Harmony accompanies and supports the melody CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL PHILIPPINE MUSIC
 It is created by playing a group of notes (either Ethnic
simultaneously or as broken chords) behind the melody  percussion music using gong to express a five-tone or a
thus giving it musical texture. seven-tone notation
Melody Hispanic
 Refers to the tune of a song or piece of music. It is created  Sarswela
by playing a series of notes one after another  Rondalla
 memorable tune created by playing a succession or series Filipino
of pitches  Awit
Pitch  Korido
 The relative lowness or highness that we hear in a sound Korido
 based on the frequency of vibration and the size of the  Metrical story
vibrating object  Sang with a guitar
 The slower the vibration and the bigger the vibrating  Biag ni Lam-ang
object, the lower the pitch; the faster the vibration and the  Florante at Laura
smaller the vibrating object, the higher the pitch. For
example, the pitch of a double bass is lower than that of  Other categories: welcome songs, debates, courtship music
the violin because the double bass has longer strings.  Each culturally related genre has its own distinctive features
Pitch may be definite (i.e. piano) or indefinite (i.e. Example: Pampanga & Luzon―pasyon
cymbals).
Rhythm CLASSIFICATIONS OF PHILIPPINE TRADITIONAL MUSICAL
 Pattern or placement of sounds in time and beats in music INSTRUMENTS
 Melody―succession of notes played one after another under  Idiophone
the accompaniment of musical instruments
CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE MUSIC
Aerophones  Also known as “New Music”
 Blown  Compositions that have adopted the elements of 20th century
 Wind instuments Western music
Idiophones 
 Struck FAMOUS FILIPINO COMPOSERS OF CONTEMPORARY MUSIC
 Gong, cymbals Antonio Jesus Molina
Chordophones  December 26, 1894―January 29,1980
 Plucked  Conductor in Hanoi, Vietnam
 Stringed instruments  Composed “Matinal” in 1912
Membranophone  concert soloist and composer
 Drums  taught at UP Conservatory of Music
 Have leather part ˪ harmony
 ˪ composition
˪ musical history
FILIPINO TRADITIONAL MUSIC INSTRUMENTS ˪ violincello
 Sound producing tools  first Filipino performer who was invited to perform at the
 Used as accompaniment for rituals Malacañang
Ex: harvest, courtship, and worship  led the first Philippine performance of Bach’s Christmas
Kudlung Oratorio
 Two-stringed lute ˪ presented by both the Knox and Central Church Choirs in
 Made of wood 1947
 Chordophone ˪ first performance of Mozart’s opera, Don Giovanni
Kudyapi  conductor of the first televised choral concert
 Two-stringed ˪ featured the Centro Escolar University Conservatory
 Boat-shaped lute Chorus
 chordophone  written over 500 compositions
Serongagandi Examples:
 Decorated bamboo tube ˪ Hatinggabi ― violin
 Closed by a node at both ends ˪ Malikmata ― piano
 Chordophone ˪ Ang Maria― zarzuela
Sludoy ˪ Misa Antoniana― mass
 Tube made of bamboo ˪ Ating Batingaw― chamber music
 Has five strings ˪ Pandangguhan― vocal music
 Chordophone ˪ Amihan, Awit ni Maria Clara ― poem
Afiw ˪ Larawan Nitong Pilipinas― vocal music
 Brass instrument Alfredo Santos Buenaventura
 Held horizontally by the tongue in front of the opened  October 19, 1929
mouth  At an early age became a member of a band
 Aerophone  Was one of the male sopranos of the Quezon City Tiples de
Balingbing San Domingo
 Bamboo buzzer  First composition: Danza
  Otganist at Manila Cathedral in 1960  250 compositions
 Affiliated with the League of Filipino Composers ˪ Chamber music
 Won Republis Cultural Heritage Awards twice ˪ Dance
 Based his compositions on epics, legends, and local heroes ˪ Electronic music
 Used folk and tribal songs as themes ˪ Organ or piano music
 Used indigenous musical instrument for his compositions ˪ Sacred
 His works comprise of: ˪ Operetta
˪ Cantatas ˪ Orchestra music
˪ Chamber music ˪ Theater
˪ Concertos ˪ Vocal
˪ Ballets  Famous compositions
˪ Dance dramas ˪ April Morning (1941)
˪ Fugues ˪ Theme and Variations (1950)
˪ Preludes ˪ Toccata for Percussions and Winds (1958)
˪ Symphonies ˪ Divertissement for Piano and Orchestra (1960)
 Composed more than 500 religious songs and hymns ˪ Legend of the Sarimanok (1963)
 Some compositions were made for special occasions ˪ Filisiana (1965)
˪ 16th Centenary of St. Augustine ˪ Dularawan (1969)
˪ 400th Year of the Augustinian Recollect Mass ˪ Elegy on Mt. Pinatubo (1991)
˪ Philippine Music Festival
Ryan Cayabyab
 Famous compositions
˪ Maria Makiling (1961)  May 4, 1954+also known as Mr. C
˪ Ang Ating Watawat (1965)  Graduated at the UP College of Music
˪ Prinsesa Urduha (1969) ˪ With a bachelor’s degree in music composition
˪ Gomburza (1981)  Taught music theory and composition in UP for nearly two
˪ Paskong Barangay (1964) decades
˪ Diego Silang (1966)  Composer of eclectic, modern, and popular music
˪ Dakilang Lahi (1971)  Awarded as one of Ten Outstanding Young Men of the
˪ Rizal, the Great Malayan Antagonist (1990) Philippines in 1978
Lucrecia Roces Kasilag  Only Asian winner of the Onassis International Cultural
 August 31, 1917-August 16, 2008 Competition in Greece with his MISA 2000
 Earned a Bachelor of Arts in English at Philippine Women’s  Won countless awards from film, television, and recording
University industries
 Has a degree in teaching at St. Scholastica’s College  Produced following works:
 Went to the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New ˪ Short symphonic works
York ˪ A major opera
˪ Studied the theory with Allen McHose and composition ˪ Full-length ballets
with Wayne Barlow ˪ Solo and instrumental works
 Faculty member of the UP Conservatory of Music ˪ Popular and love songs
 Became a Dean of Philippine Women’s University College of ˪ Televisions specials
Music and Fine Arts (1953-1977) ˪ Choral pieces
 Founded the Bayanihan Folk Arts Center for research and ˪ Film scores
theatrical presentations ˪ 10 full-length Filipino musicals
˪ Scores of popular songs sung by top Filipino recording
 Involved with the Bayanihan Philippine Dance Company
artist
˪ Award-winning film and television scores
˪ Orchestrations of Filipino folk
˪ 3 one-man a cappella song albums where he provided
all 16 voices
˪ Theater musicals
˪ Orchestral pieces
˪ Organized groups like the Ryan Cayabyab Singers and
the Smokey Mountain