PRE PANELIZED LOAD

BEARING METALLIC STUDS

PRESENTED BY
UMA MULLAPUDI
STUD
 STUD OR STUD BOLT IS A
BOLTING MATERIAL OR A
FASTENER.
 IT IS USED TO CREATE THE
FLANGE JOINTS CONNECTION
 TIGHTENING OF THE FLANGE
ENSURES THE LEAK PROOF
CONNECTION BETWEEN
GASKET AND FLANGES.

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SELECTION OF STUD

 SIZE OF FLANGE
 WORKING PRESSURE
 WORKING TEMPERATURE
 FLANGE MATERIAL
 BOLTING MATERIAL CAN BE
DIVIDED INTO 3 GROUPS
 HIGH STRENGTH
 INTERMEDIATE STRENGTH
 LOW STRENGTH

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INSPECTION OF STUD BOLTS
DURING VISUAL INSPECTION, CHECK FOR ANY
SURFACE DEFECT AND OVERALL PRODUCT
QUALITY

 CHECK FOR DAMAGE THREAD & POOR

CHAMFERED OF HEAD OF NUTS AND ENDS
OF STUD
FOLLOWING TO BE CONFIRMED DURING
DIMENSION INSPECTION OF THE STUD BOLTS

 THREAD PITCH
 DIAMETER OF STUD AND BOLT
 LENGTH
 DIMENSION OF BOLT HEAD AND NUTS

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MARKING REQUIREMENTS
STUD MARKING

ASTM MATERIAL STANDARD A193 AND A320

SPECIFY MARKING REQUIREMENTS FOR STUD &
BOLT. MARKING TO BE DONE AT THE ENDS OF THE
STUD OR ON THE BOLT HEAD. DUE TO LIMITED
SPACE ONLY, MANUFACTURER’S IDENTIFICATION
MARK & MATERIAL GRADE / CLASS ARE MARKED
ON STUD AND BOLT.

ASTM STANDARD GIVES THE LIST OF MARKING

SYMBOL FOR VARIOUS MATERIAL GRADES. CHECK
THE IMAGE BELOW ASTM A193 GR B7M JUST
MARKED AS B7 AT ONE END AND
MANUFACTURER’S IDENTIFICATION MARK ON
OTHER ENDS. IN THE CASE OF HEX HEAD BOLT,
BOTH THE SYMBOLS ARE MARKED ON THE BOLT
HEAD. 5
STUD BOLT

 STUD HAS A THREAD ON

FULL LENGTHS OR AT BOTH
ENDS.
 IT HAS THREE COMPONENTS
IF WASHERS ARE NOT USED[
TWO NUTS AND A STUD]
 IF WE USE WASHER IT WOULD
BECOME FIVE COMPONENTS
 SOMETIMES ADDITIONAL
NUTS ARE USED FOR
HYDRAULIC TENSIONING
WITH LARGER SIZE STUD.
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STUD BOLT
 THE LENGTH OF THE STUD BOLT
SHOULD BE ENOUGH TO COVER
ENTIRE NUTS PLUS 1.5 TO 3
THREADS EXPOSED
 LONG STUDS MUST BE AVOIDED
AS IT INCREASES THE CHANCE
OF CORROSION AND OTHER
DAMAGES TO EXPOSED
THREADS , WHICH WOULD MAKE
SUBSEQUENT REMOVAL
DIFFICULT.
 LENGTH OF THE STUD DEPENDS
ON THE TYPE OF GASKET AND
THE MAXIMUM EXPOSED
THREAD REQUIRED.
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COMMON COATING
MATERIALS

 CHROME PLATING
 GALVANIZING
 XYLAN
 PTFE
 ZINC

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CONTINUOUS-THREAD
STUDS ARE THREADED FROM END TO END AND ARE OFTEN USED
FOR FLANGE BOLTING WITH TWO NUTS APPLIED.

TYPE 1 –
GENERAL PURPOSE. THE LENGTH OF THIS TYPE IS
MEASURED FROM END TO END. THREADS ARE
UNRC-2A.

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TYPE 2 –
STUDS FOR TEMPERATURE-PRESSURE PIPING.
THESE STUDS ARE MADE TO THE DIMENSIONAL
STANDARD REQUIREMENTS OF ANS B16.5 AND
HAVE A LENGTH MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENT
DIFFERENT FROM ALL OTHER STUDS, I.E., THE
LENGTH IS MEASURED FROM FIRST THREAD TO
FIRST THREAD, EXCLUSIVE POINTS. POINTS ARE
FLAT AND CHAMFERED. THREADS ARE
UNRC-2A FOR ALL SIZES 1 IN. AND UNDER AND
8UNR-2A FOR ALL SIZES OVER 1 IN.

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TAP-END
STUDS HAVE A SHORT THREAD ON ONE END,
CALLED THE TAP END WHICH IS THREADED TO A
CLASS NC5 OR CLASS UNRC-3A FIT.
THIS END IS FOR SCREWING INTO A TAPPED
HOLE.
THE OTHER OR NUT END IS THREADED WITH A
CLASS UNRC-2A FIT. LENGTH OF THE STUD IS
MEASURED OVERALL.
THE TAP END HAS A CHAMFERED POINT, BUT THE
NUT END MAY HAVE EITHER A CHAMFERED OR
ROUND POINT, AT THE MANUFACTURER’S OPTION.

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DOUBLE-END

STUDS HAVE EQUAL-LENGTH THREADS ON EACH END TO

ACCOMMODATE A NUT AND ARE THREADED TO A CLASS 2A
FIT.
LENGTH OF STUD IS MEASURED OVERALL.
BOTH ENDS HAVE CHAMFERED POINTS, BUT ROUND
POINTS MAY BE FURNISHED ON EITHER OR BOTH ENDS AT
THE MANUFACTURER’S OPTION.
THIS STYLE IS FURNISHED IN THE SAME FOUR TYPES
LISTED FOR TAP-END STUDS. DOUBLE-END STUDS ARE
USED FOR FLANGE
BOLTING OR OTHER APPLICATIONS WHERE TORCHING
FROM BOTH ENDS IS NECESSARY OR DESIRABLE.MOST
STEEL GRADES NOT HEAT TREATED OR QUENCHED AND
TEMPERED CAN BE FURNISHED ON SPECIAL ORDER FOR
PRODUCTION QUANTITIES.
ONLY THE TYPE 2 CONTINUOUS THREAD STUDS MADE TO
SPECIFICATION ASTM A193 GRADE B7 ARE
STOCKED IN A FULL RANGE OF SIZES.
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