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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS :
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS “It is the system which is on a single chip or employs a combination of hardware
(computational engine) and software to perform a specific function.” It is one type of computing device but
not like PC. Embedded system is found in a variety of common electronic devices such as consumer
electronics, home appliances, office automation, business equipment and automobiles.

Characteristics of Embedded System: :

Characteristics of Embedded System: It acts as single functioned or has tightly bound set of functions
means it is not used as general purpose. It is very reactive and real time constrained. Increasingly high
performance. Application specific processor design can be a significant component of some embedded
system.

Requirements of Embedded Systems:- :

Requirements of Embedded Systems:- 1. Functional Requirements :- Direct Digital Control Data Collection
Man-Machine Interaction 2. Temporal Requirements :- Tasks may have deadlines Minimal latency jitter
Minimal error detection latency Timing requirements due to tight software control loops Human interface
requirements. 3. Dependability Requirements :- Reliability Safety Maintainability Availability Security

Major Components in Embedded Systems :

Major Components in Embedded Systems Data acquisition and processing Communication System logic
and control algorithm Interface Auxiliary units Display Storage Monitoring and protection Test and diagnosis.

Block Diagram of Embedded System :

Block Diagram of Embedded System Hardware: Processors, ASICs (application specific ics), memory. It is
used for performance and sometimes. Software: C or Assembly language is used as software. It is used for
providing features and flexibilities.

EMBEDDED HARDWARE :
EMBEDDED HARDWARE Processor Types Used in New Embedded Designs 1.Processor: A processor is a
digital circuit designed to perform computation tasks. An embedded system consists of single purpose
processor rather than general-purpose processor. Single purpose processor is more better then General-
purpose processor.

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2.ASICs: (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) It is the silicon chip with an array of unconnected
transistors. It includes gate arrays and standard cell ICs. 3.Memory: A fixed size volatile memory such as
DRAM or SRAM & non-volatile memory such as flash or EPROM, connected to microprocessor or micro
controller, is used.

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4.Peripherals: According to the block diagram of embedded system as shown in the figure above analog I/O
consists of the several peripherals according to the requirement or the application. Some of the peripherals
are listed below: Timer, Counter UART Pulse Width Modulators DMA Controller LCD Controller Keypad
Controllers Stepper Motor Controller ADC Converter Real Time Clock

EMBEDDED SOFTWARE :
EMBEDDED SOFTWARE Programming Languages Used in New Embedded Designs Programming is the
design and debugging of a sequence instruction. Basically software contains programming of processor of
the embedded system. Two types of programming languages are mainly used: Assembly Language C
Language

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1.Assembly language: It is made up of a set of mnemonics. Each mnemonics corresponds directly to a
processor machine instruction code. 2.C language: As it is the high level language it is shorter and easier to
write. It is independent of the Processor. It is used more frequently than assembly language. C language
has two important advantages, because of which it is much easier for programmer to write quality programs
that are easier to read, revise, and port to a different system. Built-in structure. Checking and Abstraction.
OPERATING SYSTEM :
OPERATING SYSTEM All intelligent devices that perform complex functions have an embedded OS inside
it. This OS is typically real time in nature i.e., it is capable of responding to time critical external events. Real
time OS is inseparable when we are dealing with Embedded Systems. Best example for Operating System
is LINUX.

APPLICATIONS :
APPLICATIONS 1.Aerospace 2.Automotive 3.Communications 4.Computer Peripherals 5.Home 6.Industrial
7.Instrumentation 8.Medical 9.Office Automation 10.Personal

Application of different Embedded Systems: :

Application of different Embedded Systems: Microprocessor: 32-bit AMD Robotic Dog.

Advantages and Disadvantages :

Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages: Customization yields lower area means compact size. Lower
power. Lower cost. Sufficiently high on performance. Disadvantages: Higher hardware/software. Need
designer, compilers, debuggers. May result in delayed time.

CONCLUSION :
CONCLUSION Finally we can say that embedded systems are electronic devices that incorporate a
computer (usually a microprocessor) within their implementation. A computer is used in such devices
primarily as a means to simplify the system design and to provide flexibility.Often the user of the device is
not even aware that a computer is present. The day is not far when almost all automobiles would interact
with computers on dashboards from ordering a pizza to booking tickets at nearest theater. Things would be
as easy as giving orders to your servant.

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THANK YOU…..