Aggregate Impact Value (BS 812: Part 3)

1. Objective

To determine the aggregate impact value in the laboratory

2. Introduction

Impact value of an aggregate is the percentage loss of weight particles passing 2.36mm
sieve by the application of load by means of 15 blows of standard hammer and drop, under
specified test condition. The aggregate impact value gives a relative measure of the
resistance of an aggregate to sudden shock or impact, which in some aggregates differs
from their resistance to a slowly applied compressive load.

3. Apparatus

a. Impact testing machine:

i. A cylindrical hammer of 13.5kg (30 lbs) sliding freely between two

vertical supports (guides).

ii. Falls automatically adjusted to the height of 38cm.

iii. There is a brass plate over which an open cylindrical steel cup of
internal diameter 10.2cm and 5cm depth placed and fixed to the
brass plate.

Figure 3.1: Impact Testing Machine

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 b. Tamping rod of 1cm diameter and 23cm long rounded at one end and
pointed at the other end.

Figure 3.2: Tamping Rod

4. Methodology

a. Samples are weighted up to 600g.

b. The aggregate of size 12.5 – 9.5mm are filled in the cylindrical measure in 3
layers lapped using tamping rod for 25 times. Straight edge was used as the
level of surface tamping rod.

c. The cylindrical measure was transferred to the brass plate.

d. Hammer was released to fall freely on the aggregate and 15 blows are
subjected to a total of the test sample.

e. Samples were sieved by 2.36mm sieve after removed from cup.

f. Weights of retain ad passing were measured.

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Procedure

Step 1
Step 2

Step 3 Step 4

Step 5 Step 6

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 5. Result

Sample Weight Of Size Weight Of Sample Weight Of Sample Percent Wear

(Mm) Before Crush (G) After Crushed (G) (%)
A 12.5 – 9.5 600 41.60 6.93
B 12.5 – 9.5 600 59.20 9.87
C 12.5 – 9.5 600 54.90 9.15

Percent Wear (Average) 8.65%

Calculation

Percent wear = Weight of sample after crushed x 100

Weight of sample before crushed
= 41.60 x 100
600
= 6.93%

6. Discussion

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 The experiment indicated a few improvements to the problem state:

a) Different data will be collected when the weighting process because of wind
resistance. The sample data may be higher or lower than the reading data
because of the reading error.

b) Beside that, the distance of the person hand while tamping may cause different
result. Tamping layer also can affect the error reading because it’s done
manually and not consistence with the others.

c) The brass plate are not closed may cause reduction to the weight of sample after
being crushed. The aggregate will fall out from brass plate because of the
hammer was released freely and fall on the aggregate. The height of hammer
and brass plate can also be the factor to the error data.

Even though this experiment have a problems as stated above, the value of aggregate
physical property requirement still not exceeded as what the JKR had stated in the Table
1.1.

7. Recommendations

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These are the precaution or improvement that can we make:

a) Laboratory must been closed area especially at the measuring area to avoid the
wind resistance affected the weight data or closed box of measuring machine.

b) Second, to avoid error to the sample data. Only one person with consistence
strength and distance can reduced the error. It’s more effective if can be doing
using a machine than manually.

c) The brass plate must been in closed machine to make sure that the sample not
fall out from brass plate. Hammer must in same size with the brass plate to
ensure that the aggregate are crash accurately.

8. Conclusions

From the experiment, we get the value is 8.65% less than the requirement of JKR’s; 15%.
Aggregate physical property must lower Aggregate Impact Value, AIV because is tougher
and resistance to crushed. We can conclude that the aggregate been used are medium tough
and resistant to be crash. It’s because the value are more than half than JKR’s requirement.
These experiments are successful because its still not exceed the JKR’s requirement.

9. Reference

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a. Civil Engineering Sri Langka. Aggregate Impact Value Test. 2010
December 31; 1(1): [5 screen]. Available from: URL:
http://goda02.com/aggregate-impact-value-test

b. MASTRAD Quality and Test System. Aggregate Impact Value.; 1(1): [2

screen]. Available from: URL: http://www.petroleum-test.com/aiv.htm

c. Determination of Aggregate Impact Value.; 1(1): [8 screen]. Available

from: URL: http://theconstructor.org/building/building-
material/determination-of-aggregate-impact-value/1355/

d. Civil Engineering Portal. 1(1): [5 screen]. Available from: URL:

http://www.engineeringcivil.com/aggregate-impact-value.html

e. Muniandy R., Radin Umar Radin Sohadi. Highway Materials, A Guide

Book For Beginners. University Putra Malaysia: Penerbit Universiti Putra
Malaysia; 2010.

f. Paul H.W., Karen K.D. Highway Engineering [Seventh Edition]. USA:

John Wiley & Son; 2003.