Computer Aided Engineering Design Practical

A PRACTICAL WORKBOOK OF COMPUTER AIDED ENGINEERING DRAWING
A PRACTICAL WORKBOOK OF
By: Azam Rafique Memon
OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
PAGE 1 of 38
CERTIFICATE
certified that Mr. Azam Rafique Memon bearing roll
number 08ES33 has carried out the necessary work as per
course of studies prevailed in the Department of
Electronics Engineering, for the year 2008.
__________________
ENGR. AMIT KUMAR
PAGE 2 of 38
INDEX
L ab Object Page No. Remarks Signature

01 Introduction to Microsoft Paint & Different 2D 4
Shapes
. Draw A Square of 100x100
02 Introduction to Different 3D Shapes 6
. Draw 100x100 cube using MS-Paint
03 Introduction and Installation of AutoCAD2004 7
04 To familiar with Line Command & Draw a Line by 10

all possible ways.
. Draw a Square of 10x10 using Line Command
05 To Familiar with Ray, Construction Line & Rectangle 12
and Draw rectangle by different ways
06 To familiar with polyline & explore all attributes / 14

arguments of Polyline.
. Tomb of Quaid-i-Azam
07 To familiar with polygon & explore all attributes / 16
arguments of Polygon.
08 To familiar with Circle & Arc and explore all their 17

attributes / arguments.
09 To familiar with Ellipse, Ellipse Arc & Spline and 19

explore all their attributes / arguments.
10 To become familiar with 3D-Shapes, Draw different 22

3D-Shapes using AutoCAD
PAGE 3 of 38
LAB # 1
OBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO MICROSOFT PAINT & DIFFERENT 2D SHAPES
INTROUDCTION TO MICROSOFT PAINT

Paint (formerly Paintbrush for Windows) is a simple
graphics painting program that has been included with
almost all versions of Microsoft Windows since its first
release. It is often referred to as MS Paint or Microsoft
Paint. The program opens and saves files as Windows
bitmap (24-bit, 256 color, 16 color, and monochrome, all
with the .bmp extension), JPEG, GIF (without animation
or transparency, although the Windows 98 version and a
Windows 95 upgrade did support the latter), PNG
(without alpha channel), and TIFF (without the multiple
pages). The program can be in color mode or two-color black-and-white, but there is no
grayscale mode. For its simplicity, it rapidly became one of the most used applications in the
early versions of Windows—introducing many to painting on a computer for the first time—and
still has strong associations with the immediate usability of the old Windows workspace.
2D SHAPES:
The Shapes which have only two dimensions (length & breadth), are called 2D Shapes.
Line:
Distance between any two points is called a Line.
Circle:
A Geometrical shape, which is equidistant from a Fixed Point. The Fixed point is
called Centre of Circle.
Polygons:
A polygon is a multisided plane figure of any number of sides (more than two).
Triangle:
A Triangle is a three sided polygon. The Sum of Interior Angles is 180 degrees.
Quadrilaterals:
A quadrilateral is a four sided polygon of any shape. The Sum of Interior angles of
Quadrilateral is 360 degrees.
Rectangle:
A Geometrical shape, having opposite sides equal and all angles of 90 degree.
PAGE 4 of 38
Square:
A geometrical shape, having all four sides equal in Length and each angle
of 90 degrees.
A Square of 100 x 100:
In the Tools Toolbar (on Left hand side) in MS-Paint there is a option to Draw
Rectangle, click on it. Click and Drag anywhere in working Area of MS-Paint, you
will see on Right-Bottom of MS-Paint, there is a Dimension of Mouse from the
point of Click. Drag the Mouse till they become 100x100, and then release the
mouse button.
PAGE 5 of 38
LAB # 2
OBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO DIFFERENT 3D SHAPES USING MS PAINT
3D Shapes:
Any geometrical shape of 3Dimensions (i.e. Length, breadth and Thickness), is called 3D
Shape.
In Microsoft Paint, the Basic 3D shapes are:
Cone:
A cone has a circular base, while the other end is a fixed vertex. The line from
the centre of base to the fixed point is called Axis. If the axis is perpendicular to the
base then the cone is Right Cone otherwise it is oblique Cone.
Cube:
A cube is a geometrical shape of 3 Dimensions, Length, width and height.
All sides and angles of a cube are equal.
Cylinder:
A cylinder has two parallel circular surfaces joined together with lines. If
the centre of both the circular faces is perpendicular then its Right Cylinder
otherwise it’s Oblique Cylinder.
Sphere:
A three dimension circular surface.
Draw a cube of 100 x 100?

Theory:
A 3D shape having all sides and all angles equal.
Procedure:
From Tools Bar take rectangle, check the dimensions at bottom of ms-
paint, click and drag till the second dimensions bar shows 100x100.
Now draw another rectangle same way but from point 50x50. and join
the angles / edges respectivily.
PAGE 6 of 38
LAB # 3
OBJECT: INTRODUCTION AND INSTALLATION OF AUTOCAD 2004?
INSTALLNG AUTODESK AUTOCAD 2004

1. Insert CD into the CD-ROM
2. Start SETUP.EXE from AUTOCAD 2004 Directory.
SCREEN # 1a SCREEN # 1b SCREEN # 2

3. Click NEXT
4. Click I ACCEPT and then Click NEXT
SCREEN # 3 SCREEN # 4 SCREEN # 5

5. Enter Serial # as 000-00000000 and Click NEXT
6. Enter PERSONAL INFO and Click NEXT
7. Select INSTALLATION TYPE [Better suggested is TYPICAL] and Click NEXT
SCREEN # 6 SCREEN # 7 SCREEN # 8
8. Enter PATH (to Install AutoCAD) and Click NEXT

9. Select TEXT EDITOR(default is: C:\WINDOWS\NOTEPAD.EXE) and Click NEXT.
10. Click NEXT to Begin Installation in Next Screen.
11.Uncheck YES, I WANT TO VIEW THE README and Click NEXT
PAGE 7 of 38
REGISTRATION PROCEDURE:
1. Check if their Exist a Folder named as CRACK or PATCH in Installation(Backup)
Directory of AUTOCAD 2004.
2. If Exist goto that Directory.
3. There is a File named ADESK.REG, double click on It
4. Click YES
5. Click OK
6. Then Check for File named LICPATH.LIC copy this file into Installed Directory(where
AutoCAD is installed, default is: “C:\Program files\AutoCAD 2004\”)
7. Now it is the Registered Version of AUTODESK AUTOCAD 2004.
UNINSTALLING AUTODESK AUTOCAD 2004

1. Go to CONTROL PANEL
2. Double Click ADD & REMOVE PROGRAMS
3. Select AUTODESK AUTOCAD 2004 from LIST of Programs and Click REMOVE
the Following Sequence of Screens will appear and Program will be uninstalled.
PAGE 8 of 38
INTRODUCTION TO AUTOCAD2004
Drawing Toolbar
Working Area
Modify Toolbar
Axis
Command Line
Working Area:
The Area / Space at which all work is to be performed. It is a Plateform for all drawing and
drafting work. In this Area 2D and 3D shapes can be creating / viewed.
Drawing Toolbar:
The Toolbar present at the Left side of Computer Screen. A Toolbar which contains basic
drawing objects, like: line, polygon, polyline, circle, arc, ellipse etc.
Modify Toolbar:
A Toolbar on Right side of Computer Screen. This Toolbar contains most important features /
actions, which are required very much while drawing / drafting. The Toolbar contains: Erase,
Move, Rotate, Cut etc.
Axis:
Axis is the configuration / View of the Working Area, Normally it is in 2D (i.e. X-Axis & Y-Axis)
but it can be rotated according to the view of object on the Screen. “3dorbit” command is used
to make is rotate and to view its 3D figure (i.e. X-Axis, Y-Axis & Z-Axis).
Command Line:
It is bottom portion of AutoDesk’s AutoCAD 2004. It is a Command Line, which is mostly used
for Drafting means for Accurate Measurements to check out Errors or Defects before
Assembling.
PAGE 9 of 38
LAB # 4
OBJECT: TO FAMILIAR WITH LINE COMMAND & DRAW A LINE BY ALL
POSSIBLE WAYS.
Theory:
Line:
Distance between any two points is called a Line. OR
Line is collection of points in straight direction. OR
Line is the shortest possible distance between two points.
Procedure:
In AutoCAD it can there are four ways to draw a Line, which are:
 Drawing Toolbar
 Draw Menu
 Command Line
o Using Length
o Using Co-ordinate System
From Drawing Toolbar:

Select Line Tool from Drawing Toolbar and Click on one place for first point and
then on second place for 2nd point.
From Draw Menu:

Select Line from Draw Menu and Click on one place for first point and then on
second place for 2nd point.
From Command Line:

There are two methods to draw a Line from Command Line, which are:
 Using Length (@....)
 Using Co-Ordinate System (x, y, z axis Location)
Syntax1: Line
Syntax2: l
Using Length:
This technique is used when we have to create a line of Some Length (in mm, cm or
meters), In this case we just have to enter initial values (i.e. First Point Value) and then
@ Command is used to specify length from current point (from first point selected).
Command: line
Specify first point: 10,10
Using these value options we
Specify next point or [Undo]: @10,5 have created a Line of 10m in X-
Specify next point or [Undo]: *Cancel* Axis & 5 m in Y-Axis. Its co-
ordinates will be from 10,10 to
20,15.
PAGE 10 of 38
Using Co-ordinate System:

This technique is used when we know both the point values in co-ordinates (x, y).
Command: line
Specify next point or [Undo]: 20,15
Specify next point or [Undo]: *Cancel*
DRAW A SQUARE OF SIZE 10X10?

Theory:
A 2D Geometrical shape, which has all sides equal and all angles of 90 degrees.
Procedure:
To get the accurate Reading, this square has been drawn by using Command Line.
Command: line
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 5,15
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 5,5
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: *Cancel*
PAGE 11 of 38
LAB # 5
OBJECT: TO FAMILIAR WITH RAY, CONSTRUCTION LINE & RECTANGLE AND
DRAW RECTANGLE BY DIFFERENT WAYS?
Theory:
Ray: It is a Helping line used in drawing / drafting for accurate
(Near to Accurate) Measurements, or Accurate Shape Size. It is
also non-terminated line but its one end is fixed and other is non-
terminated. It is helping Line, So it will not be Printed.
Construction Line: It is also an Helping Line having both Ends

non-Terminated. It is used for measurement Accuracy in Drafting
/ Drawing. It is also non-printable Line.
Rectangle: It is the type of quadrilateral.in which opposite sides are parallel and
are equal & all angles are of 90 degrees.
Procedure:
Ray: This ray line can be drawn from Drawing toolbar, Draw Menu and using command “ray”.
It can be draw manually as well as from command line & by using “from” option.
Construction Line: This line can be drawn from Drawing toolbar, Draw Menu and using
command “xline”. It can be draw manually as well as from command line & by using “from”
option.
Rectangle:
In autocad the option of rectangle is available.u can draw simply by select the
rectangle from toolbar and draw it on Working Area. The second way is by
command line simply type
Command: rectangle
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: 5,5
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: 10,10
Second Method:
If you want to make the rectangle of exact length and width. You can use this command as
follow(6 x 7 rectangle)
Command: rec
RECTANG
Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
5,5
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: d
Specify length for rectangles <0.0000>: 6
PAGE 12 of 38
Specify width for rectangles <0.0000>: 7

Third Method:
To make two rectangles, which are equi-distant from each other
Example # 1:
Command: rectangle
Specify first corner point or
[Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: 10,10
Command: rectangle
[Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: from
Base point: 10,10
<Offset>: @-5,-5
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: from
Base point: 20,20
<Offset>: @5,5
Example # 2:
Command: rectangle
[Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: 40,10
Command: rectangle
[Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: from
Base point: 40,10
<Offset>: @-5,-5
Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: from
Base point: 50,20
<Offset>: @-5,-5
PAGE 13 of 38
LAB # 6
OBJECT: TO FAMILIAR WITH POLYLINE & EXPLORE ALL ATTRIBUTES /
ARGUMENTS OF POLYLINE?
Theory:
Polyline: It is a multi-pupose line contains more than just a line specialities. It has Special
features of Arc, Width, Angle etc., which can be used at any instant in use of polyline.
Attributes / Arguments / Parameters:

Parameters: Arc, Halfwidth, Length, Undo, Width, Close
Command: pline
Specify start point: 5,6
Current line-width is 0.0000
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 10,6
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 12,10
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: c
Arc: It is used to draw a part of circumference of Circle.

Sub Parameters: Angle, CEnter, CLose, Direction, Halfwidth, Line, Radius, Second pt, Undo,
Width
Angle: It is used to give the angle at which to start the arc.

Specify included angle: 30
CEnter: Center point to Draw a arc.

Specify center point of arc: 15, 15
CLose: Ends the Current Function/ Command & Joins First a Last
Point through Running Condition / Parameter.
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second
pt/Undo/Width]: d
Specify the tangent direction for the start point of arc: (manually)
Specify endpoint of the arc: (manually)
Specify endpoint of arc or
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: Cl
Direction: It is used to define the direction of Arc(either circumference of arc should be on top
or bottom of Working Position.
Without Direction: Without Direction Arc can only be

Without Direction With Direction
drawn to bottom or top(means end point of arc). In this
case Its circumference can not be raised upwards to downwards but can be raised left-wards and right-
wards.
With Direction: With the help of Sub-parameter Direction(d), arc can be drawn with its start and
end point on same plane and its circumference raised upwards or
downwards.
PAGE 14 of 38
Width: It asks for Starting Width and End Width and Draws the Shape in increasing width order
or decreasing width Order.
Line: Draws a Line to Sends the Pline to Line, to draw a line.
Radius*: It is the value, which is usually asked in between the commands but if
we provide the radius it might not ask between the commands.
Second Pt: It asks a point from which arc must pass

through. OR it is a point on Arc.
Length: It asks for the length of Line in x,y and z axis.
Undo: This cancels your last done action or change.
Close: This ends the drawing at the instant(current /

Last) stage. But also connects the starting pont and End point.
Command: pline
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 10,6
PAGE 15 of 38
TO DRAW THE TOMB OF QUAID-I-AZAM?

Command: pline
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: l
Specify length of line: 0,5
Specify next point or
[Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: a
pt/Undo/Width]: d
Specify the tangent direction for the start point of arc:
10,10
Specify endpoint of the arc: 15,5
pt/Undo/Width]: l
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: l
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: a
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: d
Specify the tangent direction for the start point of arc: 18,22
Specify endpoint of the arc: 7,20
[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]: l
PAGE 16 of 38
LAB # 7
OBJECT: TO FAMILIAR WITH POLYGON & EXPLORE ALL ATTRIBUTES /
ARGUMENTS OF POLYGON?
Theory:
Polygon: Any closed shape having more than two sides called polygon. OR
A plane shape having three or more sides is called as polygon.
There are two types of polygons:
 Inscribed in circle
 Circumscribed about circle
Inscribed In Circle: Means whenpolygon can fit inside a circle. In this case edges of polygon
will touch the circumference of circle.
Circumscribed about circle: In this case a circle can fit inside a polygon and the circumference
of circle will touch the sides of polygon.

Parameters: Center and Edge
Using Center: When drawing the polygon by providing its center point and radius.
Sub parameters: Inscribed in circle & Circumscribed about circle
Inscribed in circle: A Polygon whose edges (Angles) should touch the circumference of circle
when placed in circle of same radius, is called Inscribed In Circle.
Command: polygon
Enter number of sides <5>: 5
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: 15, 12.5
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: i
Specify radius of circle: 5
Circumscribed about circle: A Polygon whose sides touches the circumeference

of circle, when a circle of same radius is drawn, is called Circumscribed About Circle.
Command: polygon
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: 15,12.5
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: c
Specify radius of circle: 5
These are both polygons of same size, same shape, same radius and at same
centre point/location. But are different in Look, it is because of Circum / Inscibed
Circle.
Using Edge: When drawing a polygon by providing its any two Ponts (angle Point).

Center of Polygon or [Edge]: e
Specify first endpoint of edge: 10, 10
Specify second endpoint of edge: 20, 15
PAGE 17 of 38
LAB # 8
OBJECT: TO FAMILIAR WITH CIRCLE & ARC AND EXPLORE ALL THEIR
ATTRIBUTES / ARGUMENTS?
Theory:
Circle: A locus of points, moving in such a way that its distance from a fixed point is constant.
The Fixed point is called Centre of Circle.
Arc: It is a part of circumference of circle.

ARC
Parameters: Center, Angle, Chord
Normally: Normally it asks three points First or Start Point, center or any point from which to
pass & end or Finish Point of Arc.
Center: This asks for Center Point, Start and End Point.
Command: arc
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: c
Specify center point of arc: 10,10
Specify start point of arc: 5,5
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: 15,15
Center further have 2 parameters: Angle & Chord
Angle: This asks Center Point, First/Start Point and Angle.

Command: arc
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: a
Specify included angle: 60
Chord: Chord asks Center Point, First/Start Point of Arc and Length of Arc.
Command: arc
Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: L
Specify length of chord: 6
PAGE 18 of 38
CIRCLE
Parameters: 3P, 2P, ttr(Tan Tan Radius)
r c
Normally: It asks for Center Point and radius.
3P: It asks for Three Points from which to draw circle, it automatically detects
the radius from these three points
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 3p

Specify first point on circle: 5,2
Specify second point on circle: 5,10
Specify third point on circle: 10,5
2P: It asks for Two points from which to draw circle and automatically detects
radius from the points.
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 2p
Specify first end point of circle's diameter: 5,5
Specify second end point of circle's diameter: 10,10
Ttr (tan Tan Radius): It draws a circle with reference of any other shape and asks for two
points and radius.
CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan
radius)]: t
Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: (manually
selected edge point of triangle)
Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: (manually
selected edge point of triangle)
Specify radius of circle <3.5355>: 5
OR
It asks for any two points on an object and auto detects its center and asks
for Radius.
CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: t
Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: (manually selected
edge point of triangle)
Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: (manually selected
edge point of triangle)
Specify radius of circle <5.0000>: 1
The Two Figures using above two examples of TTR.
PAGE 19 of 38
LAB # 9
OBJECT: TO FAMILIAR WITH ELLIPSE, ELLIPSE ARC & SPLINE AND EXPLORE
ALL THEIR ATTRIBUTES / ARGUMENTS?
Theory:
ELLIPSE:
A closed figure drawn on two axis namely horizontal and the vertical axis,when the distance
from intersecting point of the axis to end points of both the axis is same,the figure is a circle.
ELLIPSE ARC
The part of ellipse, is known as ellipse arc.
SPLINE
Spline is used to make curved or zig-zag line.

ELLIPSE
Parameters: Arc, Centre, Rotation
Normally: Normally It asks three points to draw an Ellipse.
Example:
Command: ellipse
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: 10,10
Specify other endpoint of axis: 15,10
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 8
ARC: It is same as Ellipse Arc. This Asks the same options and draws in same way but it
draws only a part of an Ellipse. Moreover defined in Ellipse Arc.
Centre: This asks Centre Point, one end point and distance to axis point to draw an Ellipse.
Example:
command: ellipse
Specify axis end point of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: c
Specify center of ellipse: 10,10
Specify end point of axis: 20,10
Specify distance to other axis or [rotation]: 6
Rotation: It is sub-parameter of Centre and it makes an Ellipse on some rotation(provides)

around Axis.
Example:
command: ellipse
Specify axis end point of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: c
Specify center of ellipse: 10,10
Specify distance to other axis or [rotation]: r
PAGE 20 of 38
Specify rotation around major axis: 30
ELLIPSE ARC
Some Examples are Given below to draw an Ellipse Arc. The Procedure is same as of Drawing
an Ellipse.
1. By giving endpoints of an axis,rotation to major axis and the included angle:

Command: ellipse
Specify axis end point of ellipse or [Arc/center]:a
Specify axis end point of elliptical arc or [center]: 10,10
specify other end point of axis: 20,10
Specify rotation around major axis: 5,5
specify start angle or [parameter]: 45
Specify end angle or [parameter/included angle]:i
Specify included angle for arc<180>: 90
2. By giving center, endpoint of axis,start and the end angle:

Command: ellipse
Specify axis end point of elliptical arc or [center]: c
Specify center of elliptical arc: 20,10
Specify distance to other axis or [rotation]:15,15
Specify start angle or [parameter]: 90
Specify end angle or [parameter/included angle]:180
3. By giving Parameters
Command: ellipse
Specify axis end point of elliptical arc or [center]: 10,10
specify other end point of axis: 20,10
Specify rotation around major axis: 20,20
specify start angle or [parameter]: p
Specify start parameter or [Angle]: 10,20
specify end parameter or[Angle/Included angle]: 5,5
SPLINE
Using Spline command:
command:spline
Specify first point or [object]: 10,10
Specify next point: 12,12
Specify next point or [close/fit tolerance] <start tangent>: 14,7
Specify next point or [close/fit tolerance]: 20,15
PAGE 21 of 38
LAB # 10
OBJECT: TO BECOME FAMILIAR WITH 3D-SHAPES & DRAW DIFFERENT 3D-
SHAPES?
THEORY:
3D-SHAPES:
The Geometrical Shapes drawn in x, y & z co-ordinates. Having three parameters are called 3D-Shapes.
OR
A Geometrical shape having three dimensions are called 3D-Shapes. Solids are the examples of 3D-
Shapes.
BOX: A 6 Faced Geometrical Shape. It can be Cube as well as parallelepiped.

CONE: A 3D rouund Figure whose both faces (generally: top and bottom) are circular
DISH: A 3D Figure of Half Sphere, whose locus is at the constant distance from a fixed point.
MESH: A 3D Figure, like a plain paper in 3D Space.
SPHERE: A Circular 3D figure, which is defined as “The Locus of a point, such that its distance
from a fixed point always remain constant.
TORUS: A 3D Figure like a car wheel tube, having one hole in its centre and the distance from a
point in the centre of that hole and any point on tube is same.
WEDGE: A 3D Figure of 5 faces, from which two are triangular, two are rectangular and one is
square Figure.
ATTRIBUTES / ARGUMENTS / PARAMETERS:

Using “3D” command all 3D shapes in Auto CAD 2004 can be listed, which are:
Box, Cone, Dish, Mesh, Sphere, Torus and Wedge.
Note: The Figures will be made available in 2D View, to see its 3D View,
“3dorbit” command is used and its different views can be seen through the
rotation of figure through mouse (dragging).
BOX:
Parameters: Cube
Normally: The required values are Centre, Length, Width, Height and Axis of Rotation at Z-axis.
Command: 3d
Enter an option
[Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]: B
Specify corner point of box: 15,15
Specify length of box: 10
Specify width of box or [Cube]: 15
Specify height of box: 12
Specify rotation angle of box about the Z axis: 0
Cube: After asking Length it give a choice to draw a cube(whose length, width and height are
same) of size length, which is asked.
Command: 3d
Enter an option
[Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]: B
Specify corner point of box: 15,15
Specify length of box: 10
Specify width of box or [Cube]: c
Specify rotation angle of box about the Z axis: 60
PAGE 22 of 38
CONE:
Parameters: Diameter
Normally: The values required to draw a cone are: Centre of Base, Radius of Base, radius of top
of Cone, Height and Segments.
Command: 3d
Enter an option
[Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]: C
Specify center point for base of cone: 15,15
Specify radius for base of cone or [Diameter]: 10
Specify radius for top of cone or [Diameter] <0>: 0
Specify height of cone: 10
Enter number of segments for surface of cone <16>: 16
Diameter: In this all the information is same but instead of asking radius it asks for Diameter
(Diameter = 2 x radius).
DISH:
Normally: The required values are Centre of Dish, radius, longitudinal and Latitudinal
Segments.
Command: 3D
Enter an option
[Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]: DI
Specify center point of dish: 15,15
Specify radius of dish or [Diameter]: 10
Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of dish <16>:
16
Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of dish <8>: 16
MESH:
Parameters: <No Extra parameter>
Normally: The required values are four corner points and Mesh size in M and N Directions.
Command: 3d
Enter an option
[Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]: M
Specify first corner point of mesh: 15,15,0
Specify second corner point of mesh: 30,30,0
Specify third corner point of mesh: 34,15,80
Specify fourth corner point of mesh: 30,45,50
Enter mesh size in the M direction: 30
Enter mesh size in the N direction: 20
PAGE 23 of 38
SPHERE:
Normally: The required values are centre point, radius and longitudinal and Latitudinal
segments.
Command: 3D
Enter an option
[Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]: S
Specify center point of sphere: 15,15
Specify radius of sphere or [Diameter]: 10
Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of sphere
<16>: 16
Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of sphere <16>: 16
TORUS:
Normally: The required values are centre point, radius of torus and tube & segments on both.
Command: 3D
Enter an option
[Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]: T
Specify center point of torus: 15,15
Specify radius of torus or [Diameter]: 20
Specify radius of tube or [Diameter]: 5
Enter number of segments around tube circumference <16>: 16
Enter number of segments around torus circumference <16>: 16
WEDGE:
Parameters: <No Extra Parameter>
Normally: The required values are corner point, length, width, height and angle of rotation.
Command: 3D
Enter an option
[Box/Cone/DIsh/DOme/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge]: W
Specify corner point of wedge: 15,15
Specify length of wedge: 10
Specify width of wedge: 12
Specify height of wedge: 14
Specify rotation angle of wedge about the Z axis: 30
PAGE 24 of 38
LAB # 11
OBJECT: INSTALLATION & INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS WORKBENCH,
AND ITS TOOLS?
INSTALLATION OF ELECTRONICS WORKBENCH 5.12:

1. Insert EWB CD into CD-ROM
2. Double Click Setup.exe from EWB 5.12 Directory
3. Click NEXT
4. Specify Path to Install (default is: “C:\Program

Files\EWB512”)
5. Click NEXT
6. Click NEXT again in next Screen
7. & then Click FINISH to start Installation process.
8. When Installation Process completes, click FINISH.
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS WORKBENCH:

Electronics Workbench is an electronic circuit simulator, and was also a company based in
Toronto, Ontario, Canada that first produced the software.
The company was originally founded as Interactive Image Technologies by Joe Koenig and
specialized in producing educational movies and documentaries. When the government of
Ontario needed an educational tool for teaching electronics in colleges, the company created a
circuit simulator called Electronics Workbench.
In 1999 the company merged with another Electronic Design Automation company named
Ultimate Technology and renamed itself after its most well known product, Electronics
PAGE 25 of 38
Workbench. The current product line consist of Schematic Capture and a simulation product
named MultiSIM and the printed circuit board software called Ultiboard.
In 2005 the company was acquired by National Instruments.
TOOLS AVAILABLE IN ELECTRONICS WORKBENCH:

Sources Parts Bin: Describes the types of sources available in Electronics Workbench,
including battery, AC voltage source, Vcc source and FM source.
Basic Parts Bin: Describes the basic components available in Electronics Workbench, including
resistor, capacitor, relay, switch and transformer.
Diodes Parts Bin: Describes the types of diodes available in Electronics Workbench, including
diac, triac, LED and Zener diode.
Transistors Parts Bin: Describes the transistor-associated parts in Electronics Workbench,

including NPN transistor, P-channel JFET, N-channel GaAsFet and 3-terminal enhanced P-
MOSFET.
Analog ICs Parts Bin: Describes the operational amplifiers available in Electronics Workbench,
including 5-terminal opamp, 9-terminal opamp, comparator and phase-locked loop.
Mixed ICs Parts Bin: Describes the analog-to-digital converter, digital-to-analog converter,
monostable and 555 timer.
Digital Parts Bin: Describes the digital parts available in Electronics Workbench, including
half-adder, flip-flops, multiplexer, shift register and encoder.
Indicators Parts Bin: Describes the indicators available in Electronics Workbench, including
voltmeter, ammeter, probe, bulb, buzzer, 7-segment display and bargraph.
Controls Parts Bin: Describes the controls available in Electronics Workbench, including
voltage differentiator, voltage gain block, multiplier, voltage limiter and divider.
Miscellaneous Parts Bin: Describes the components that do not fit into any of the other
categories, including fuse, transmission lines, crystal, DC motor, vacuum tube, text box and title
block.
Instruments: Describes the different instruments available in Electronics Workbench, including

digital multimeter, function generator, oscilloscope, logic analyzer and word generator.
PAGE 26 of 38
LAB # 12
OBJECT: DRAW BASIC ELECTRONIC DIAGRAMS USING BASIC ELECTRONIC
COMPONENTS?
THEORY:
The Basic Electronic components are Resistors, Capacitors, etc.
Resistors: Generally Resistors are made up of Carbon, they are used to limit flow of electronics,
they are generally called Voltage Dividers when they are used in Series Combination.
Capacitors: These components are used to store electric charges. A di-electric between two
metal wires is used to constitute a capacitor. These are also used to increase the voltage.
BASIC ELECTRONIC DIAGRAMS:
Calculate the Voltage Across Each Resistor:
Voltage Across 4 Ohms Resistor: 2.797 V

Voltage Drop across 4 Ohms Resistor: 1.703 V
Voltage Drop across 5 Ohms Resistor: 202.7 mV
Voltage Drop across 6 Ohms Resistor: 2.797 V
Calculate the Voltage Across Each Resistor:
Voltage Drop between 99 Ohms Resistor: 4.975 V

Voltage Drop between 100 Ohms Resistor: 5.025 V
Voltage Drop between 1000 Ohms Resistor(Left one):
4.998 V
Voltage Drop between 1000 Ohms Resistor(Right one):
5.002 V
PAGE 27 of 38
LAB # 13
OBJECT: DRAW LOGICAL DIAGRAMS USING AND & OR GATES?
LOGIC GATES:
A logic gate performs a logical operation on one or more logic inputs and produces a single logic
output. Because the output is also a logic-level value, an output of one logic gate can connect to
the input of one or more other logic gates. The logic normally performed is Boolean logic and is
most commonly found in digital circuits. Logic gates are primarily implemented electronically
using diodes or transistors, but can also be constructed using electromagnetic relays, fluidics,
optics, molecules, or even mechanical elements.
In electronic logic, a logic level is represented by a voltage or current, (which depends on

the type of electronic logic in use). Each logic gate requires power so that it can source and sink
currents to achieve the correct output voltage. In logic circuit diagrams the power is not shown,
but in a full electronic schematic, power connections are required.
AND GATE:
If all inputs are high, the output is high. Otherwise, the output is low.
AND gate truth table:
A | B | Y
-----------------
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 0
1 | 0 | 0
1 | 1 | 1
OR GATE:
If one or more inputs are high, the output is high. If all inputs are low, the output is low.
OR gate truth table:
A | B | Y
-----------------
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 1
1 | 0 | 1
1 | 1 | 1
PAGE 28 of 38
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Here is an example of AND & OR Gates. Second AND Gate receives both inputs high
and hence produces high output while others produce low output, First OR Gate receives one
input high and produces high output while other receives both low inputs and produces low,
AND Gate receives one high input and one low and produce low output, Hence LED (probe) is
off. As shown below:
PAGE 29 of 38
LAB # 14
OBJECT: DRAW LOGICAL DIAGRAMS USING NAND & NOR GATES?
NAND GATE:
If one or more inputs are low, the output is high. If all inputs are high, the output is low.
NAND gate truth table:
A | B | Y
-----------------
0 | 0 | 1
0 | 1 | 1
1 | 0 | 1
1 | 1 | 0
NOR GATE:
If all inputs are low, the output is high. Otherwise the output is low.
NOR gate truth table:
A | B | Y
-----------------
0 | 0 | 1
0 | 1 | 0
1 | 0 | 0
1 | 1 | 0
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Here is an example of NAND & NOR Gates. Second NAND Gate produces low signal while all
others (on L.H.S.) produces high signal then when both NOR Gates receives high signal or one
input high then they produce low output and NAND Gate when receives both low signals then
produces a high one and hence LED (probe) glows. As shown in Figure Blow.
PAGE 30 of 38
LAB # 15
OBJECT: DRAW LOGICAL DIAGRAMS USING NOT GATE?
NOT GATE:
If the input is high, the output is low. If the input is low, the output is high.
NOT gate truth table:
A | Y
-----------
0 | 1
1 | 0
In addition to the obvious use this stage has for logic inversion, it is often used to
construct more complex logic gates. For example, the AND gate followed by a NOT gate
becomes the NAND gate. The OR followed by a NOT gate becomes a NOR gate.
Two NOT gates connected in series (one driving the other) become a non-inverting
buffer stage, with high input impedance and low output impedance. In designing practical
circuits, this can be useful for increasing the fanout (gate driving range) of a logic circuit, where
circuit loading may be encountered.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Here is an example of AND, NOR & NOT Gates. When both the inputs in AND Gates are high
the output is high (i.e. Second AND Gate from top to bottom) then NOT Gate inverses the inputs
from low to high and vice versa. NOT Gate 1, 3 & 4 produces high output. The OR Gate results
high in circuit shown below. In first OR Gate only input is high where in Second one both are
high. When AND Gate receives high voltage on both input signals it results high voltage.
PAGE 31 of 38
LAB # 16
OBJECT: DRAW LOGICAL DIAGRAMS USING XOR GATE?
XOR GATE:
If an odd number of inputs are high, the output is high. Otherwise, the output is low.
XOR gate truth table:
A | B | Y
-----------------
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 1
1 | 0 | 1
1 | 1 | 0
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
The Circuit show below is an example of XOR Gate. In following figure second AND
Gate produces high signal while others produce low signal. As XOR gate works on odd
sequence, hence first XOR Gate produce high signal while second produce low signal, and AND
Gate receives one high and one low voltage and produces low voltage signal and hence no LED
(Probe) glows.
PAGE 32 of 38
LAB # 17
OBJECT: DRAW HALF-WAY RECTIFCATION DIAGRAM USING DIODE AND
SHOW ITS OUTPUT GRAPH?
RECTIFIER:
A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), a
process known as rectification. Rectifiers have many uses including as components of power
supplies and as detectors of radio signals. Rectifiers may be made of solid state diodes, vacuum
tube diodes, mercury arc valves, and other components.
A device which performs the opposite function (converting DC to AC) is known as an inverter.
When only one diode is used to rectify AC (by blocking the negative or positive portion of the
waveform), the difference between the term diode and the term rectifier is merely one of usage,
i.e., the term rectifier describes a diode that is being used to convert AC to DC. Almost all
rectifiers comprise a number of diodes in a specific arrangement for more efficiently converting
AC to DC than is possible with only one diode. Before the development of silicon semiconductor
rectifiers, vacuum tube diodes and copper(I) oxide or selenium rectifier stacks were used.
HALF-WAY RECTIFICATION:
In half wave rectification, either the positive or negative half of the AC wave is passed, while the
other half is blocked. Because only one half of the input waveform reaches the output, it is very
inefficient if used for power transfer. Half-wave rectification can be achieved with a single diode
in a one phase supply, or with three diodes in a three-phase supply.
CIRUCIT DIAGRAM:
An example of Half-way rectification is given here. The Half-way rectification is done by
a single diode connected in series with Input. The Diode allows one positive half-cycle (in figure
given below). The negative half cycle will be clipped. The Input and Output wave forms are
given below:
The Following are Input and output waveforms.
OUTPUT WAVE
INPUT WAVE
PAGE 33 of 38
LAB # 18
OBJECT: DRAW FULL-WAY RECTIFCATION DIAGRAM USING DIODE AND
SHOW ITS OUTPUT GRAPH?
FULL-WAY RECTIFICATION:
A full-wave rectifier converts the whole of the input waveform to one of constant polarity
(positive or negative) at its output. Full-wave rectification converts both polarities of the input
waveform to DC (direct current), and is more efficient. However, in a circuit with a non-center
tapped transformer, four diodes are required instead of the one needed for half-wave
rectification. Four rectifiers arranged this way are called a diode bridge or bridge rectifier:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Here is an Example of Full-way Bridge Rectification. In the circuit shown below there is
an A.C. Input Source. When A.C. signal passes through bridge it is converted into pulsating
positive voltage (i.e. negative half cycle will be converted in positive half-cycle). The Input and
Output voltage waves are shown below.
The Input wave of the Battery and output across Resistor is shown below.
OUTPUT WAVE
INPUT WAVE
PAGE 34 of 38
LAB # 19
OBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO MICROSOFT VISIO?
INTRODUCTION:
Microsoft Visio is diagramming software for Microsoft Windows. It uses vector graphics to
create UML diagrams. It is currently available in two editions, Standard and Professional.
The Standard and Professional editions both share the same interface, but the latter has additional
templates for more advanced diagrams and layouts as well as unique functionality that makes it
easy for users to connect their diagrams to a number of data sources and display the information
graphically.
Microsoft acquired Visio Corporation in 2000. Visio 2007 was released on November 30, 2006.
Also released alongside version 2002 were Enterprise Network Tools, an add-on product
enabling automated network and directory services diagramming, and the Visio Network Center,
a Web site where users could locate the latest network documentation content and exact-replica
network equipment shapes from 500 leading manufacturers. The former has been discontinued,
while the latter's shape-finding features are now integrated into the program itself.
Microsoft has revealed that the next version of Microsoft Visio will feature the ribbon user
interface
Toolbars for Faster Action
ENVIRONMENT:
Startup Actions /
Categories / Diagram Resent Files Used
Libraries
IDE / Working Area /

Currently: Template Window
PAGE 35 of 38
LAB # 20
OBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO FLOWCHART & BUILDING BLOCKS / SYMBOLS?
INTRODUCTION:
A flowchart is a schematic representation of an algorithm or a stepwise process, showing
the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting these with arrows. Flowcharts
are used in designing or documenting a process or program.
TYPES OF FLOWCHART:
There are two types of Flow Chart:
 System Flowchart  Logical / Program Flowchart
Logical Flow Chart is Further Divided in two types:

 Micro Flowchart  Macro Flowchart
ADVANTAGES OF FLOWCHART:
The following may be obtained, if flowcharts are used during program preparation:
 The relationship b/w different steps can be easily understood
 The flowchart acts as guide to code a program and it ensures that no step is omitted.
 Flowchart also helps in detecting, locating and removing errors from programs.
 Properly drawn flowcharts lead to better understanding for a new person.
 Flowcharts make the documentation properly.
 Efficient coding possible by flowchart.
 Flowchart helps in Testing Procedure.
FLOWCHART BUILDING BLOCKS / SYMBOLS:

A typical flowchart from older Computer Science textbooks may have the following kinds of
symbols:
Start and end symbols: Represented as lozenges, ovals or rounded rectangles, usually
containing the word "Start" or "End", or another phrase signaling the start or end of a process,
such as "submit enquiry" or "receive product".
Arrows: Showing what's called "flow of control" in computer science. An arrow coming from
one symbol and ending at another symbol represents that control passes to the symbol the arrow
points to.
Processing steps: Represented as rectangles. Examples: "Add 1 to X"; "replace identified part";
"save changes" or similar.
Input/Output: Represented as a parallelogram. Examples: Get X from the user; display X.
Conditional or decision: Represented as a diamond (rhombus). These typically contain a

Yes/No question or True/False test. This symbol is unique in that it has two arrows coming out
of it, usually from the bottom point and right point, one corresponding to Yes or True, and one
corresponding to No or False. The arrows should always be labeled. More than two arrows can
PAGE 36 of 38
be used, but this is normally a clear indicator that a complex decision is being taken, in which
case it may need to be broken-down further, or replaced with the "pre-defined process" symbol.
FLOWCHART SYMBOLS:
EXAMPLE: A PROGRAM THAT GENERATES FACTORIAL OF GIVEN

NUMBER?
ALGORITHM:
1. Start a program with clear screen.
2. Initialize a variable.
3. Input any number.
4. Start a loop from input number to 1(step-1).
5. Give the mathematical expression.
6. Print the factorial of a given number.
7. End the program.
PAGE 2 of 38
FLOWCHART:
START
F=1
PRINT “ENTER NUMBER”
INPUT A
FOR C=A TO 1 STEP=-1
F=F*C
NEXT C
PRINT “THE FACTORIAL IS”
PRINT A
END
PAGE 3 of 38

Computer Aided Engineering Design Practical

Încărcat de

Informații document

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Computer Aided Engineering Design Practical

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

A PRACTICAL WORKBOOK OF COMPUTER AIDED ENGINEERING DRAWING

By: Azam Rafique Memon

OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO

certified that Mr. Azam Rafique Memon bearing roll

number 08ES33 has carried out the necessary work as per

course of studies prevailed in the Department of

Electronics Engineering, for the year 2008.

ENGR. AMIT KUMAR

L ab Object Page No. Remarks Signature

03 Introduction and Installation of AutoCAD2004 7

04 To familiar with Line Command & Draw a Line by 10

06 To familiar with polyline & explore all attributes / 14

08 To familiar with Circle & Arc and explore all their 17

09 To familiar with Ellipse, Ellipse Arc & Spline and 19

10 To become familiar with 3D-Shapes, Draw different 22

INTROUDCTION TO MICROSOFT PAINT

A Square of 100 x 100:

In Microsoft Paint, the Basic 3D shapes are:

Draw a cube of 100 x 100?

INSTALLNG AUTODESK AUTOCAD 2004

SCREEN # 1a SCREEN # 1b SCREEN # 2

SCREEN # 3 SCREEN # 4 SCREEN # 5

SCREEN # 6 SCREEN # 7 SCREEN # 8

8. Enter PATH (to Install AutoCAD) and Click NEXT

7. Now it is the Registered Version of AUTODESK AUTOCAD 2004.

UNINSTALLING AUTODESK AUTOCAD 2004

From Drawing Toolbar:

From Draw Menu:

From Command Line:

Using Co-ordinate System:

DRAW A SQUARE OF SIZE 10X10?

Construction Line: It is also an Helping Line having both Ends

Specify width for rectangles <0.0000>: 7

Attributes / Arguments / Parameters:

Arc: It is used to draw a part of circumference of Circle.

Angle: It is used to give the angle at which to start the arc.

CEnter: Center point to Draw a arc.

Without Direction: Without Direction Arc can only be

Second Pt: It asks a point from which arc must pass

Length: It asks for the length of Line in x,y and z axis.

Undo: This cancels your last done action or change.

Close: This ends the drawing at the instant(current /

TO DRAW THE TOMB OF QUAID-I-AZAM?

Attributes / Arguments / Parameters:

Circumscribed about circle: A Polygon whose sides touches the circumeference

Enter number of sides <4>: 5

Arc: It is a part of circumference of circle.

Attributes / Arguments / Parameters:

Center further have 2 parameters: Angle & Chord

Angle: This asks Center Point, First/Start Point and Angle.

Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 3p

The Two Figures using above two examples of TTR.

Attributes / Arguments / Parameters:

Rotation: It is sub-parameter of Centre and it makes an Ellipse on some rotation(provides)

Specify rotation around major axis: 30

1. By giving endpoints of an axis,rotation to major axis and the included angle:

2. By giving center, endpoint of axis,start and the end angle:

BOX: A 6 Faced Geometrical Shape. It can be Cube as well as parallelepiped.

ATTRIBUTES / ARGUMENTS / PARAMETERS:

INSTALLATION OF ELECTRONICS WORKBENCH 5.12:

4. Specify Path to Install (default is: “C:\Program

8. When Installation Process completes, click FINISH.

INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS WORKBENCH:

In 2005 the company was acquired by National Instruments.