Annotated Bibliography

“What are the pros and cons of genetically modified foods?” Research Project

By: Aliana Yanez

Date: 30 March 2020

Charles W. Schmidt “Genetically Modified Foods: Breeding Uncertainty” Environmental Health

Perspective (Aug 2005)
This is briefly discussing what exactly genetically modified food is and when it was first
introduced. Growing “backlash” was talked about and in April of 2004 a lot of important
companies abandoned the genetically modified flied trials. These trails consisted of tests
ran on different food and different trial runs on the modification process. Each genetically
modified food was made specifically to have as low malfunctions as possible. From this it
was talked about the genetically modified foods becoming “Frankenfood” just jokingly
saying that when two foods are combined to not be so great end up failing before seeing the
market or also meaning that the modification simply lets the food last longer than when it
was supposed to have gone bad if it was not modified. Despite that GM crops has become a
thriving edition and has ventured in variety. Health risks also get talked about, but GM’s
were made to be allergenic proof. They were made to have as little problems as possible.
Fitzgerald, Ruth; Campbell, Hugh; Sivak, Leda “Content Analysis of Bias in International Print
Media Coverage of Genetically Modified Food” (Vol.11, Issue 3) (January 2001)
This is an interesting article on the contrast that exists about claims that the bias media has
against genetically modified foods. The media paints this negative image on genetically
modified foods. Industry groups and academic proponents of the technology claim that
there are high levels of negative media bias. This article also uses environmental
controversies that are relevant to the genetically modified foods while also dealing with the
media perspective. The fight to defend the genetically modified foods comes to a point when
the article points out that all media coverage is a politicized process and that the media is
itself a site of production of ideologies. The media doesn’t always know what they are
talking about and usually have biased opinions.
Hilko van der Voet; Goedhart, Paul W; Lazebnik, Jenny; Kessel, Geert J T; Mullins, Ewen; et
al.Ecology and Evolution “Equivalence criteria for the safety evaluation of a genetically
modified crop: a statistical perspective” (Volume 9, Issue 5) (Mar 2019)
Throughout this crops and soils research paper the topic that’s discussed is the safety
evaluation part of a genetically modified crop. The safety evaluation starts off by
determining the difference between genetically modified foods and natural crops. From
there the team works to meet equivalence criteria and they discuss their pros and cons. The
pros would be things like the genetically modified foods last awhile compared to
organic/natural and the cons were things like not that many foods can be modified so the
system could flop. Obviously, there are many more pros and cons, but they mainly are
about the good and bad aspects that come with the genetically modified foods. The biggest
question that comes up are “are these foods safe to eat”. The equivalence criteria worked
in three different ways through super, conditional and marginal. Investigators revealed
that marginal equivalence was the end goal. This research paper compares European Food
Safety Authority to genetically modified foods despite the European Food Safety Authority
lack of genotype-by-environment interaction terms.
KANG, Q; VAHL, C I.The Journal of Agricultural Science “Statistical procedures for testing
hypotheses of equivalence in the safety evaluation of a genetically modified crop” Cambridge
(Volume 154, Issue 8) (Nov 2016)
This text is a more factual way of testing hypotheses of equivalence in the safety evaluation
of a genetically modified crop. It briefly discusses safety evaluation of a genetically
modified crop and its equivalence to natural crops One of the procedures involves the
modified large sample method there was also another method that was based on
generalized pivotal quantities. These were both created under balanced designs. There is an
equation that was used in the conductions of the procedures, the equation was a sequence
of site, block, reference and error. With a number of resamples with and equation over the
total number of resamples. They then graph the data that was conducted within the
procedures. This soon became the error of the whole procedures and made it to were it just
started having to many problems. The pros and cons are also discussed throughout this text
about the two procedures.
Singhal, Neha “A Study of Consumer Behavior towards Genetically Modified Foods and the
Moderating Effects of Health Consciousness” (Volume 22, Issue 3) (September 2018)
This article is giving an insight and valid data for gathering a study on the consumption of
genetically modified foods. The true insight on thoughts and behavior towards genetically
modified foods. This article also makes sense of the progress that genetically modified foods
have made thus far and what past research work. This article gives the overall health status
of a genetically modified foods consumer. In conclusion the results suggested that
information provided by the government and trusted regulatory help consumers to form
positive attitudes towards genetically modified foods. Genetically modified foods were
found to have a positive result on the consumer which was the key goal of the study. This is
a good article of pro genetically modified foods.
Stephan Brosig and Miroslava Bavorova “Association of attitudes towards genetically modified
food among young adults and their referent persons.” (Vol.14, Issue 2) (Feb. 4, 2019)
This text starts out by talking about how the research that they conducted was on people
that had no prior knowledge or didn’t really have a big influence of socioeconomics,
psychological and political theories because they give off different results. They conducted
two different type of surveys on young adults and adults on there attitudes towards
genetically modified crops. This data was collected from the Czech Republic, Russia and
the Ukraine. The results were positive from the young adults although the effects were
stronger in Russia and the Czech Republic than it was in the Ukraine. It was even found
that the results were stronger in young female adults rather than young male adults. This is
all very important because it involves preference and preference is what makes or breaks
the production of GM crops. A younger audience just adapts better to GM crops because
they are up to date with the times and they are for getting more for your money.
Sun, Jing; Wu, Wenbin; Tang, Huajun; Liu, Jianguo.Scientific Reports (Nature Publisher Group)
“Spatiotemporal patterns of non-genetically modified crops in the era of expansion of genetically
modified food” (Volume 5) (Sep 2015)
This text starts off by explaining the debate that has been going on about genetically
modified food which is the safety. Researches have heavily focused on the expansion of
genetically modified crops since they are still doing very well on the market. They end up
conducting their research of non-GM impacts in Chine because China has a major non-
GM soybean production region. The results to showed that while there was a good amount
of increased hotspots as well as hotspots of loss. There was a large decline in soybean plots.
They believe that if China being the largest non-GM soybean producer in the world that it
might imply that there will be a continual decline of global non-GM soybeans. Thus,
leasing to a much bigger quantity of GM producers. I would say that this has a positive
impact on the genetically modified crops this would be a pro. It’s kind of a stretch but it
has a lot of claims/evidence to back it up.
Virda Hersy Lutviana Saputri; Sutopo, Wahyudi; Hisjam, Muhammad; Azanizawati
Ma’aram.Applied Sciences “Sustainable Agri-Food Supply Chain Performance Measurement
Model for GMO and Non-GMO Using Data Envelopment Analysis Method” (Volume 9, Issue
6) (2019)
This read describes the sustainable agriculture food supply chain performance as a
measurement model for genetically modified foods and non-genetically modified foods
through the envelopment analysis method. The envelopment analysis method is a linear
programming methodology that measures the efficiency of multiple decision-making units
when the production process presents data of multiple inputs and outputs. The supply
chain is big on consumer demand and how it can be improved overall. It goes on to talk
about the materials and methods which in the study primary and secondary data was used.
Primary data was used for questionnaires and interviews of GMO and non-GMO
companies. Secondary data were mainly taken by online resources. The conclusion they
came to was that non-GMO rice chains were better than the GMO chains. The non-GMO
rice was better because it had better ratings people liked it more. The primary data and the
secondary data showed that.