So far, we have discussed:

ANALYSIS OF PRESTRESSED SECTION: DETERMINING THE FLEXURAL STRENGTH CAPACITY, ɸMn

A. BONDED TENDONS-pre-tensioned and grouted post-tensioned PC beams

𝛾𝑝 𝑓𝑝𝑢 𝑑 𝑓𝑦
a. Evaluate fps using code equations: 𝑓𝑝𝑠 = 𝑓𝑝𝑢 [1 − (𝜌𝑝 + ( ) (𝜌 − 𝜌′))]
𝛽1 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑑𝑝 𝑓𝑐′

b. Evaluate fps using strain compatibility analysis

c. Evaluate fps using modified strain compatibility analysis

B. UNBONDED- un-grouted post-tensioned beams

a. Evaluate fps using code equations
i. If span to depth ratio is less than or equal to 35:

𝑓𝑐′
𝑓𝑝𝑠 = 𝑓𝑝𝑒 + 70 + ≤ 𝑓𝑝𝑦 ≤ (𝑓𝑝𝑒 + 415)
100𝜌𝑝

ii. If span to depth ratio is greater than 35:

𝑓𝑐′
𝑓𝑝𝑠 = 𝑓𝑝𝑒 + 70 + ≤ 𝑓𝑝𝑦 ≤ (𝑓𝑝𝑒 + 210)
300𝜌𝑝

b. Evaluate fps using strain compatibility analysis – same procedure as in bonded tendons

c. Evaluate fps using modified strain compatibility analysis- same procedure as in bonded tendons

NOTE: The flexural strength, ɸMn, of sections with unbonded tendons is about 75-80% of the flexural strength of
sections for an identical bonded member.

Also, frrom our discussions during the prelims, we recall the following:

ALLOWABLE STRESSES AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF LOADING

1. INITIAL STAGE

fci=allowable compressive stress immediately after prestress transfer

fti=allowable tensile stress immediately after prestress transfer

2. FINAL STAGE

fcs=allowable compressive stress after all prestress losses

fts=allowable tensile stress after all prestress losses

CRITICAL SECTIONS FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF TENDONS

1. Beams with variable eccentricity/ parabolic tendon

a. Initial stage at midspan
b. Final stage at midspan
2. Beams with constant eccentricity/ straight tendon
a. Initial stage at support
b. Final stage at midspan
3. Beams with deflected tendon/ harped tendon
a. Initial stage at hold-down point
b. Final stage at midspan
Now, for the finals, we shall proceed to:

FLEXURAL DESIGN OF PRESTRESSED BEAMS USING ELASTIC STRESSES

A. BEAMS WITH VARIABLE ECCENTRICITY

Required Section Moduli

(𝟏 − 𝑹)𝑴𝑶 + 𝑴𝑫 + 𝑴𝑳
𝑺𝒕 ≥
𝑹𝒇𝒕𝒊 − 𝒇𝒄𝒔

(𝟏 − 𝑹)𝑴𝑶 + 𝑴𝑫 + 𝑴𝑳
𝑺𝒃 ≥
𝒇𝒕𝒔 − 𝑹𝒇𝒄𝒊

Centroidal Stress, fcci

𝒄𝒕
𝒇𝒄𝒄𝒊 = 𝒇𝒕𝒊 − (𝒇𝒕𝒊 − 𝒇𝒄𝒊)
𝒉

Initial Prestress Force, Pi

𝑷𝒊 = 𝒇𝒄𝒄𝒊𝑨𝒄

Eccentricity, e (at midspan)

𝑺𝒕 𝑴𝒐
𝒆 = (𝒇𝒕𝒊 − 𝒇𝒄𝒄𝒊) +
𝑷𝒊 𝑷𝒊

B. BEAMS WITH CONSTANT ECCENTRICITY

Required Section Moduli

𝑴𝑶 + 𝑴𝑫 + 𝑴𝑳
𝑺𝒕 ≥
𝑹𝒇𝒕𝒊 − 𝒇𝒄𝒔

𝑴𝑶 + 𝑴𝑫 + 𝑴𝑳
𝑺𝒃 ≥
𝒇𝒕𝒔 − 𝑹𝒇𝒄𝒊

Centroidal Stress, fcci

𝒄𝒕
𝒇𝒄𝒄𝒊 = 𝒇𝒕𝒊 − (𝒇𝒕𝒊 − 𝒇𝒄𝒊)
𝒉

Initial Prestress Force, Pi

𝑷𝒊 = 𝒇𝒄𝒄𝒊𝑨𝒄

Eccentricity, e (at support)

𝑺𝒕
𝒆 = (𝒇𝒕𝒊 − 𝒇𝒄𝒄𝒊)
𝑷𝒊

C. BEAMS WITH DEFLECTED TENDON

Required Section Moduli

(𝟏 − 𝑹)𝑴′𝑶 + (𝑴𝒐 − 𝑴𝒐′ ) + 𝑴𝑫 + 𝑴𝑳

𝑺𝒕 ≥
𝑹𝒇𝒕𝒊 − 𝒇𝒄𝒔

(𝟏 − 𝑹)𝑴′𝑶 + (𝑴𝒐 − 𝑴𝒐′ ) + 𝑴𝑫 + 𝑴𝑳

𝑺𝒃 ≥
𝒇𝒕𝒔 − 𝑹𝒇𝒄𝒊

Centroidal Stress, fcci

𝒄𝒕
𝒇𝒄𝒄𝒊 = 𝒇𝒕𝒊 − (𝒇𝒕𝒊 − 𝒇𝒄𝒊)
𝒉

Initial Prestress Force, Pi

𝑷𝒊 = 𝒇𝒄𝒄𝒊𝑨𝒄
Eccentricity, e (at hold-down point)
𝑺𝒕 𝑴𝒐′
𝒆 = (𝒇𝒕𝒊 − 𝒇𝒄𝒄𝒊) +
𝑷𝒊 𝑷𝒊

Where:

Mo= moment at midspan due to beam weight, wo

MD= moment at midspan due to superimposed service dead load, w D

ML= moment at midspan due to superimposed service live load, w L

Mo’= moment at hold down point due to beam weight, w o

Ac=gross area of section

R=effectiveness ratio= Pe/Pi

Pe= RPi=Effective prestress force

1-R=(Pi-Pe)/Pi= ratio of deferred losses to the initial prestress force

Pi-Pe=deferred losses

St=I/ct

Sb=I/cb

ct

u.n.a

h
e

cb
SAMPLE DERIVATION:

For beams with variable eccentricity:

A. Stress Diagram during the Initial Stage:

+Pie/St -Mo/St ft ≤ fti

-Pi/Ac

Mo

u.n.a + + =
fcci
e

Pi

-Pi/Ac +Mo/Sb fb ≥ fci

-Pie/Sb

B. Stress Diagram during the Final Stage:

-Pe/Ac +Pee/St -Mt/St ft ≥ fcs

Mt
fcce
u.n.a + + =

Pe

-Pe/Ac -Pee/Sb +Mt/Sb fb ≤ fts

𝑃𝑒 𝑅𝑃𝑖
𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑒 = = = 𝑅𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑖
𝐴𝑐 𝐴𝑐
𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑒 𝑃𝑖 𝑅𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑖
𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑖 − 𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑒 = − = − = (1 − 𝑅) = (1 − 𝑅)𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑖
𝐴𝑐 𝐴𝑐 𝐴𝑐 𝐴𝑐 𝐴𝑐
 fti fcs

𝑀𝑜 ∆𝑓𝑡 𝑀𝐷 + 𝑀𝐿
𝑆𝑡 𝑓𝑡𝑟 ≥
𝑆𝑡

𝑀𝐷 + 𝑀𝐿 𝑀𝑜
∆𝑓𝑏
𝑓𝑏𝑟 ≥ 𝑆𝑏
𝑆𝑏

fts fci

--------- due to Pi

--------- due to Pi +Mo

--------- due to Pe +Mo

--------- due to Pe +Mt

Required Section
𝑴𝑫 + 𝑴𝑳
𝑺𝒕 ≥
𝒇𝒕𝒓

𝑴𝑫 + 𝑴𝑳
𝑺𝒃 ≥
𝒇𝒕𝒓

where ftr=available stress at the top fiber

fbr=available stress at the bottom fiber

Changes in the Stress

𝑴𝒐
∆𝒇𝒕 = (𝟏 − 𝑹) (𝒇𝒕𝒊 + ) = 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒐𝒑 𝒇𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓
𝑺𝒕

𝑴𝒐
∆𝒇𝒕 = (𝟏 − 𝑹) (−𝒇𝒄𝒊 + ) = 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎 𝒇𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓
𝑺𝒃

 Stress range available changes as the superimposed load moments M D+ML are applied
SIGN CONVENTION: (+) tension and (–) compression

Top Fiber

𝒇𝒕𝒊 − 𝒇𝒄𝒔 = ∆𝒇𝒕 − 𝒇𝒕𝒓

𝒇𝒕𝒓 = 𝒇𝒕𝒊 − 𝒇𝒄𝒔 − ∆𝒇𝒕

𝑴𝒐
𝒇𝒕𝒓 = 𝒇𝒕𝒊 − 𝒇𝒄𝒔 − (𝟏 − 𝑹) (𝒇𝒕𝒊 + )
𝑺𝒕

𝑴𝒐 𝑴𝒐
𝒇𝒕𝒓 = 𝒇𝒕𝒊 − 𝒇𝒄𝒔 − 𝒇𝒕𝒊 − + 𝑹𝒇𝒕𝒊 + 𝑹
𝑺𝒕 𝑺𝒕

𝑴𝒐
𝒇𝒕𝒓 = −𝒇𝒄𝒔 + 𝑹𝒇𝒕𝒊 − (𝟏 − 𝑹)
𝑺𝒕

𝑴𝑫 +𝑴𝑳
𝑺𝒕 ≥ 𝑴𝒐
−𝒇𝒄𝒔+𝑹𝒇𝒕𝒊−(𝟏−𝑹)
𝑺𝒕

𝑴𝒐
𝑺𝒕 [𝑹𝒇𝒕𝒊 − 𝒇𝒄𝒔 − (𝟏 − 𝑹) ] ≥ 𝑴𝑫 + 𝑴𝑳
𝑺𝒕

𝑺𝒕[𝑹𝒇𝒕𝒊 − 𝒇𝒄𝒔] − (𝟏 − 𝑹)𝑴𝒐 ≥ 𝑴𝑫 + 𝑴𝑳

𝑺𝒕(𝑹𝒇𝒕𝒊 − 𝒇𝒄𝒔) ≥ (𝟏 − 𝑹)𝑴𝒐 + 𝑴𝑫 + 𝑴𝑳

(𝟏−𝑹)𝑴𝒐+𝑴𝑫 +𝑴𝑳
𝑺𝒕 ≥
𝑹𝒇𝒕𝒊−𝒇𝒄𝒔

Bottom Fiber

𝒇𝒃𝒓 + ∆𝒇𝒃 = 𝒇𝒕𝒔 − 𝒇𝒄𝒊

𝒇𝒃𝒓 = 𝒇𝒕𝒔 − 𝒇𝒄𝒊 − ∆𝒇𝒃

𝑴𝒐
𝒇𝒃𝒓 = 𝒇𝒕𝒔 − 𝒇𝒄𝒊 − (𝟏 − 𝑹) (𝒇𝒄𝒊 + )
𝑺𝒃

𝑴𝒐
𝒇𝒃𝒓 = 𝒇𝒕𝒔 − 𝒇𝒄𝒊 + 𝒇𝒄𝒊 − 𝑹𝒇𝒄𝒊 − (𝟏 − 𝑹)
𝑺𝒃

𝑴𝒐
𝒇𝒃𝒓 = 𝒇𝒕𝒔 − 𝑹𝒇𝒄𝒊 − (𝟏 − 𝑹)
𝑺𝒃

𝑴𝑫 +𝑴𝑳
𝑺𝒃 ≥ 𝑴𝒐
𝒇𝒕𝒔−𝑹𝒇𝒄𝒊−(𝟏−𝑹)
𝑺𝒃

𝑴𝒐
𝑺𝒃 [−𝑹𝒇𝒄𝒊 + 𝒇𝒕𝒔 − (𝟏 − 𝑹) ] ≥ 𝑴𝑫 + 𝑴𝑳
𝑺𝒃

𝑺𝒃[𝒇𝒕𝒔 − 𝑹𝒇𝒄𝒊] − (𝟏 − 𝑹)𝑴𝒐 ≥ 𝑴𝑫 + 𝑴𝑳

𝑺𝒕(𝒇𝒕𝒔 − 𝑹𝒇𝒄𝒊) ≥ (𝟏 − 𝑹)𝑴𝒐 + 𝑴𝑫 + 𝑴𝑳

(𝟏−𝑹)𝑴𝒐+𝑴𝑫 +𝑴𝑳
𝑺𝒕 ≥
𝒇𝒕𝒔−𝑹𝒇𝒄𝒊