EXCEL CROP CARE LTD.

A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO
THE BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY OF BHAVNAGAR
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE DEGREE
OF
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

PREPAIRD BY GUIDED BY
KAJAVADARA KRISHNA L. SHAHEZAD BODILA
ROLL NO. 76 (LACTURER)
S.Y.B.B.A.

SWAMI SAHAJANAND COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND

MANAGEMENT
BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY
BHAVNAGAR

BATCH NO.
2009 - 2012
 CANDIDATE STATEMENT
I, the undersigned, Kajavadara Krishna L. here by declare and confirm that
work done by me is original and true to the best of my knowledge and belief. It is the
result of my efforts and dedication under the proper guidance of my guide –Mr.
Shahezad Bodila.This project is just a part of my college curriculum and will not be
used elsewhere.

Place: Bhavanagar Student Sign.

Date: 30/12/2010 Name: Kajavadara Krishna L.
 PREFACE

The course of BBA covers 2 areas, theory and practical. Each

of them incomplete without the other. Theoretical knowledge differs from
practical knowledge. Students are like unpolished diamonds and training dose
the job of polishing, shaping them and making them fine enough to face the
real life challenges. It is very useful in giving insight to practical aspect of
today’s business.
As a student of S.Y.B.B.A.I am very obliged to attain my
practical knowledge by training at “EXCEL Crop Care ltd”, located at
Bhavnagar. I have tried to include all the necessary details regarding the
subject. The main purpose behind this reports is to fill up the gap between
theory & practical aspect. All the information given here is per my efforts and
knowledge about subject.
By taking the 15 days training in Excel Crop Care ltd I collect
the information connected with different department by the support of
company. I am sure that this project report will expand my practical
knowledge and make of my future challenges in management field.

Place: Bhavanagar Student Sign:

Date: 30 / 10 / 2010 Name: Kajavadara Krishna L.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
At this outset, it is a great opportunity for me to express my sense
of gratitude, great pleasure and my sincere thanks to all those who have helped
me while working on this project. The success I have achieved in the
accomplishment of the project work is not only due to my efforts. So with the
great pleasure, I would like to take this opportunity to thank all those individuals
who have helped and inspired me in completion of my project work.
I specially thank to the Managing Director Dr. Sureshbhai Sawani,
Principal Miss Hetalben Mehta and B.B.A Coordinator Mrs. Pooja Mehta and all
those who support me in this project. I would like to express my heart felt thank to
my guide – Mr. Shahezad Bodila (Lecturer), for his guidance and constant
motivation.
I express my special gratitude to the Mr. M. V. Mer of Excel crop
care Ltd who gave us the permission of training in Excel crop care Ltd industries.
And, all the other staff members who have been helpful to us either directly or
indirectly.
The practical knowledge, which is necessary in this world, which I
got through this project Report, by studying BBA in such a good Swami
Sahajanand College of commerce and management

Place: Bhavanagar Student Sign:

Date: 30 / 10 / 2010 Name: Kajavadara Krishna L.
 PROJECT CONTENTS

No. Content Page No.

1. General information 1 to 10
2. Human resource management 11 to 33
3. Marketing management 34 to 45
4. Finance management 46 to 59
5. Bibliography 60

INDEX OF GENERAL INFORMATION

No. Contents Page No.
1. Introduction of the Excel crop care Ltd 1
2. History and development 2
3. Company profile 3
4. Size of the unit 4
5. Organization structure 5
6. Types of product and manufacturing process 6
7. Time keeping system 8
8. Contribution of the unit to industries 10

INDEX OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

No. Content Page No.

1.1 Introduction of Human Resource Department 11
1.2 Organization structure of Human Resource Department 12
1.3 Recruitment 13
1.4 Selection 14
1.5 Induction 15
1.6 Placement 16
1.7 Training 17
1.8 Managerial Development 19
1.9 Job description 20
1.10 Promotion and Transfer policy 21
1.11 Performance appraisal system 22
1.12 Wage & salary administration 23
1.13 E.S.I.C. scheme 24
1.14 Grievance handling procedure 25
1.15 Employee welfare 26
1.16 Trade union and collective bargaining 28
1.17 Personal records 30
1.18 Provident Fund Scheme 31
1.19 Health and Safety measure 32

INDEX OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT

No. Content Page No.

2.1 Introduction 34
2.2 Organization structure of Marketing Department 35
2.3 Product portfolio 36
2.4 Product planning 37
2.5 Market segmentation 39
2.6 Pricing Decision 40
2.7 Promotion Mix 42
2.8 Channel of distribution 43
2.9 Marketing Research 45
 INDEX OF FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT

No. Content Page No.

3.1 Introduction 46
3.2 Organization Structure 47
3.3 Financial Planning 48
3.4 Capital Structure 49
3.5 Capital Budgeting 50
3.6 Management of Fixed Assets 51
3.7 Working Capital Management 52
3.8 Receivable Management 53
3.9 Inventory Management 54
3.10 Cash Management 55
3.11 Ratio Analysis 56
3.12 Leverage 58
 General
Information
 INTRODUCTION
The name of the company Excel Crop Care Ltd. is rightly chosen, it means
‘Better than anything ‘. In todays ara. There are few industries which take care
about their employees & Excel Crop Care Ltd. is amongst one of them.
The development of Excel Crop Care Ltd.industry was began with small
seed and later grew in to a big tree. It is still growing and giving shade to every
one in the society.
The idea of creation of. Excel Crop Care Ltd was of C.C.SHROFF who
was the founder, found Excel Crop Care Ltd. in 1949 (1969 in Bhavanagar) . It
was founded on close relationship with the farmers . Initiatly the structure is a
very small but now activities are expanded so that today it provides to farmers
with broad range of product and technical guidance.
Excel Crop Care Ltd..occupies very important and prestigious role in
pesticide in the world for 65% market share in Excel .Excel is a chemical
producing company that exports their product over 36 countries like
Africa,Germany,Natherland, Australia,Japan,France,Singapore, Argentina,
Mexico, Iran.

1
 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
The dream of C.C Shroff was take its shape with the
establishment in 1941 as a partnership firm. It was converted in to private limited
company in 1960, and in the year 1964 Messer tata and Messer fison joined this
firm to convert it in to public limited company under artical 43 – A. C.C.Shroff
having brilliant career in chemistry with a generous class of natural ingenuity to
introduce chemical which are not yet known in India.
It was started with 6 employees ,10000 capital, 1500from
family, 8500from friends. It was start with a small kitchen laboratory and groomed
up as a unique organization with the value based system of management style.
The development of Excel is different from other company. As
year passed the curve of development is goes to be increased.Turnover
exceeding 4000 Million . EXCEL became the first India’s agro chemical
company to certify ISO 9002 in 1994.
Company is first in Asia to make Butane dial and Endosulfane. It is
second in the world to develop glyphosate phosphide, third in the world regarding
aluminum phosphide, and endosulfane product.Today nearly 100 product
produce by it.
Our main line distribution network in India, comprise of 14
branches office, with more than 4000 distributors.The company is divided in to
two parts.
1.EXCEL industry ltd
2.EXCEL crop care ltd
Excel industry operate from manufacturing plants which are
strategically spread across the country in Mumbai (Maharashtra), Gujarat,
Andhrapradesh and Selvassa. They have the representative office in Australia
and Singapore.
Thus, we can say that from the establishment of it to the present
period it got lot of success, achievement and progress

2
 COMPANY PROFILE

Name : EXCEL CROP CARE LTD.

Address :6/2. Ruvapari Road,
Bhavanagar 364005.
Registered office: 184 -87. Swami Vivekanand Road,
Jogeshwari (west)
Mumbai (4001021)
Form of the unit :Public Ltd.company.
Establishment :1941
Board of Director : A .C. Shroff
Dipesh k. shroff
Prakash k.shroff
J.R.Naik
M. L. Shah
Mukul G.Asher
Sandeep Jannarkar
Bankers :Bank of India
Syndicate Bank
City bank N.A.
State Bank of India
ICICI Bank Ltd.
Auditors : S.V. Ghatalia and Association (C.A.)
Branch office : Delhi, Kolkata, Hydrabad, Bhavanagar, Madurai
Ahmedabad.
PhoneNo :0278 – 2212401
Fax No :91 – 278 -2212410
Types of Production :Agro chemical &
Industry chemical.

3
 SIZE OF THE UNIT
A company is an association of many persons who contribute money or
money’s worth to a common stock and employs it in some trade or business and
who share the profit or losses arising therefrom.
Lord Justice Lindle
According to new industrial policy there are three type of units.which are
as under.

1.SSI:
an industry is the one whose investment in the fixed assets and
current assets does not exceeds 5 crore is called SSI.
2.Medium scale indusry:
An indusry is the one whose investment in the fixed assets and
current assets is in 5 crore and does not exceeds 10 crore is called Medium scale
indystry.
3.Large scale industry:
An industry is one whose investment in fixed assets and current
assets exceeds 10 crore is called Large scale industry.

In Excel crop care Ltd , the capital investment is more than 300
crores that implies it is Large scale industry.

Form of the organization:

There are various kind of organization which are as under.
1. Sole Proprietorship:
2. Partnership
3. Joint stock company
4. Co – operative organization
5. Government company (undertaking)
6. Public Limited company
7. Private Limited company
Excel is public limited company. because like public ltd company
Excel’s share can be transferred freely and can be invite public to subscribe for
shares.
4
 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
Organization chart \ structure of Bhavanagar unit is as under:

Vice President

General manager

Senior manager

Manager

Personnel Production Engineering Marketing Administration

S.R. Executive

Executive

Officer

Staff supervisor

Worker

5
 TYPES OF PRODUCT
Excel is divided in to two parts:
1. Excel crop care Ltd.
2. Excel industry Ltd. among which,
Excel crop care Ltd. manufacture agriculture chemical and Excel industry Ltd.
,manufacture industrial chemical. Most agriculture is being manufactured at
Bhavanagar unit. Their products are used for almost every crop grown in India with
major focus on cotton, Soya been, corn, vegetables and plantation crop like tea,
coffee and coco.
There are various types of products which are produce by Excel are as under.
1. White Phosphorous:

It is the basic raw material for producing the pesticides. Generally,

company is producing this product in the factory itself.
2. Butane Diol :

It is consumed by the Endosulfan plant. It can be used for a raw

material for other chemical industry. Company also provide this
product to the competitors as and when they required it.
3. Endosulfan technical:

Its turnover is 15 tones per day. A large portion of this product is being
exported, earning valuable.
4. Endosulfan 35 % E. C. ( Formulation ) :

It is uesd in crops like Alfa, tobacco, vegetables, fruits and todder.

Veering, ripening stage with a minimum waiting period before harvest.
So it is helpful to the every farmer.
5. Chloro Pyriphosphate:

It is used in producing the product of pesticides and insecticides. It is

used for manufacturing of tricel 20 % E. C. as a pesticides in
agriculture application.

6. Oxylic Acid:
 It is used in leather industry for shining of tiles etc. The company
produce it for export purpose only.
6

MANUFACTURING PROCESS
1. Butane Diol:

Dormal denhyde Acetylene Agueousolution

First reactor
Catalyst
Fiteration

Treatment

Filtration

Distilotion

Disolver

Second

Reactor

Catalyst

2. Chloro Pyriphosphate

TCAC T.C.L. N.T.C.P.\ ACN

 Reaction Fiteration

Dospatch Packing Product

7

TIME KEEPING SYSTEM

It is to be said that “Time is gold”.and considering the importance of
time every company make its own Time Keeping System that provide the complete
information regarding the arrival and departure of worker, staff, supervisor and
management. From this, the information regarding the panctuality can be obtain that
helps for the calculation of wage and salary of person doing their work in the
company.
This system is handelled by the personnel department.
Structure of time keeping:

General Manager

Personel Manager

Chief time officer

1. Time keeper (shift A)

2. Time keeper (shift B)
3. Time keeper (shift C)
4. Time keeper (Shift D)
In Excel, for the time keeping system worker, staff, and management
follow the “Show Card System”.Company provide a card to every worker and
staff members.
When they enters in to the premises of the company they have to show
the card and the time, date, number of card will be automatically saved by the
electronic machine of this system.
Similarly when they leave the premises they have to again shown the
card so that their leaving time is automatically marked.There are three types of
card that are shown as below.
 8

1. Card No 0

2 .Card No 1
3. Card No 2.

Rules for late coming:

1.Workers
There are 10 minutes is allowed for late coming and after 10minutes
they given 5 minutes more to enter in to the premises. Otherwise half hour wages
will be cut down.
2.Staff Supervisor:
The staff supervisor of the company are allowed to come
10minutes late. After those 10 minutes they are given 19 minutes to enter in to
the company.After 29 minutes they won’t be allowed to enter in to the company
premises.
3.Management :
The management staff of the company is not allowed to come late in
the premises of the company. They have to come in a stipulated time. If they can
not come in time their salary of half day will be cut down by the company.
In Excel, 8 casual leave, 12 sick leave, 31 privilege is given to worker.

TIME SHIFT

1.Time shift for supervisor and labouror:

A.shift – 7:00 am to 3:00pm
B.Shift – 3:00pm to 11:00 pm
C. Shift – 11:00 pm to 7:00 am.

2. Shift for management functionaries:

D. Shift – 8.30 am to 5: pm
9
 CONTRIBUTION OF THE UNIT
Excel, the well known industry for the production of agriculture product
becomes the leader by exceeding 4000 million. It build a very solid history by
exporting the product, it earn foreign currency.65% of the market share is
covered by the company.
This company is first in Asia to make Butane Dial and Endosulfane.
It is second in the world to develop Glyphosate phosphide, third in the world
regarding Aluminum phosphide and Endosulfane product.
Excel is the largest producer of phosphorous based pesticides in the
country.Excel is one type of boon , especially for the farmer. It export the
chemical in other country and import the chemical fertilizers for the farmers.
However, earn too much of profit.
So we can say that Excel is a company that provide the platform to all
person working in it regarding development, innovation, encouragement to
increase their inner talent and skills simultaneously. In the employment but also
facility to improve their living standards by providing employment and welfare
facility.

10
 Human
Resource
MANAGEMENT
 INTODUCTION OF H.R.DEPARTMENT
An organization is made up of four resources namely (1).Man, (2).
Material, (3). Money and (4). Machinery among these foue resources the first
one is living one.i.e. Human that is consider as a very valuable assets of the
company because without this, all other resources are useless.Personnel means
manpower.It is one of the most crucial factors of organization. Personnel
management is made up of the management of workers, employer and people of
organization.
personnel management is important to increase productivity and
efficiency of the organization . So, it is the heart of every organization.
In short, HRM can be defined as “a process of procuring
developing and maintaining competent human resources in the
organization”. So the goals can be achieved effectively and in efficient
manner.
The range of people working in it is broad,approximately 763. So vast
function maintain by the personnel department. Excel has separate department
of personnel that doing the activities which are related to person.So it is a
“CENTER POINT” and play a very important role in the company.
Manpower strength in Excel is as under.
Male Female Total
Management 125 1 126
Staff 214 10 224

Supervisor
Worker 413 0 413
Total 752 11 763

11
 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF H.R. DEPARTMENT

General Manager

Chief Manager

Senior manager of personnel

Manager of personnel

Senior executives

Senior executive welfare Senior executive training

Executive
Senior personnel
of personnel

Personnel officer

Staff supervisor

Peon

12
 RECRUITMENT
“Recruitment is the process of identifying the prospective
employees, stimulating and encouraging them to apply for a particular job
or jobs in an organization”. The need of or recruitment arise due to the
following reasons.
1. Death
2. Retrenchment
3. Retirement
4. Resignation
5. New project
6. New Technology
7. Plant expansion
8. Other reasons.(installment, promotion, transfer, special skill development)
In Excel different source are used for recruitment which are as under.
1. Internal sources: ( promotion, transfer )
2. External sources:
a. Advertisement
b. Employee recommendation
c. Campus interview
d. Professional institutes
e. Employee exchange.
For the recruitment of labour they directly contact with employment
exchange, for supervisor post they are going for the very well – known
source that is advertisement, and for technical specialist person
proffessional institute are consulted.
Mainly three types of recruitment are as under.
1.Permanent Recruitment
2.Temporary
3.Apprenticeship
So, Recruitment is consider as a first step of procuring the adequate
workforce.

13
 SELECTION
Selection is consider as a second step in the process of procurment of
people.It is the process of choosing the individuals who possess the necessary
skills, abilities and personality.So it is a negative process. Selection procedure in any
bussiness concern is a matter of choice
.
It is to be said that Selection is start at the end of the Recruitment.It is quite
complicated and expensive involving the several steps or nothing but to select a
proper person to match with the vacant job.
Excel crop care Ltd believes in” Right man for right job” selection process
is as under.
1. Jon analysis
2. Advertisement
3. Collection of application
4. Scruting of application
5. Conduct written test
6. Psychological tests
7. Personal interviews
8. Reference check
9. Medical examination
10. Final selection for appointment.

14
 INDUCTION
Induction is “ Introduction of an employee to the job and the
organization.” Introduction is also known as orientation programmes.
Every employee has to work with fellow employees and his
supervisors. So it becomes necessary to make him \ her aware about them, the
policy and practice of the organization and this is to be fulfilled by Induction .
Because the purpose of Induction is to show the company to new employee.So
that he can take pride of his association with the company and they fell that the
organization is his \ her own.
In case of ignorance of proper Induction it would may result in to high
labour turnover,confusion, waste of time and expenditure.
Excel is famous for its family environment and they they work as a
family member.So it is not difficult for any new employee to become familiar
about it. However, he \ she is moved at various department in initial few days.
So he get the information regarding while organization. Excel is very alert for
this and never comprise in this matter.

15
 PLACEMENT
After an employee has been hired and oriented, he or she must be
place in his or her right job. Placement is understood as the allocation of
people to the jobs, it is an assignment or re – assignment of an employee to a
new or different job.
“Placement may be defined as “the determination of the job which
an accepted candidate is to be assigned and his assignment to that job.
“
Thus, we can say that Placement is viewed as a positive process
involving filling up of positions with the most suitable candidates.
By this way Placement takes place after training and induction of the
selected persons.
Excel follows a policy of placement. After selection, the employee
directly place to his job – place and when he his place comfortably at his job
then and then he is introduced to the organization’s other department through
Induction.

16
 TRAINING
Training is the process of teaching the new or existing employees the
basic skills that they need to effectively perform their jobs. Training is the
teaching and learning activities.
Training is the tool that helps the person to acquire and also implement the
required knowledge, skill and atitudes.So it is possible to compete any work
accurately and perfectly by well trained staff and experienced people.
Excel manufactured chemical which is very dangerous. So reduce the unsafe,
the company has to adopt special Training for workers. Separate Training and
development department which is known as EITEM (excel institute of technology
environment and management).

Methods:
Excel was giving training to its employees by PTT (Participating Training
Techniques). In Excel two methods are useful.
1. On the job method
2. Off the job method.

1.On the job method:

a. Performance appraisal
b. Experiment
c. Simulation
d.Demonstration
e. Apprenticeship.

2. Off the job method:

a. Pannel discussion
b. Role playing
c. Case study
d. Conference
e. Lectures. 17
 Excel is having its own training center that is “Vivekananda Research Training
Institute “Excel has two halls with ISO certificate as well as LCD screen.
If required the employees are also sent to various different institute mentioned
below.
1. ITA
2. NSC
3. BMA
4. NITE

Excel gives the emphasis on training not only for effective in

productivity but also for producing a better citizen.

18
 MANAGERIAL DEVELOPMENT
On one hand Training is short run process; on other hand development is a
long run process. It is not connected with the primarily skills but it is connected with
the systematic procedure by which conceptual and theoretical knowledge are to be
learned to the personnel managers, which will be helpful them for the higher
possition.

Excel gives the chance for the self development by arranging different type of
activity regarding development.

Excel crop care Ltd has a separate training and development department
known as EITEM (excel institute of technology environment and management).
Excel always takes in to consider the suggestions which are appropriate, which are
helpful for the development of the employees and the whole unit.

19
 JOB DESCRIPTION
A Job Description is a broad statement of the purpose, scope, duties
and responsibilities of a particular job. That means Job Description describe job
not job holder.
Job Description provides both (1). Organizational information.(location,
structure, authority etc.) and (2). Functional information (the work). Job
Description defines job divison,duties and responsibilities which helps to keep away
the specific job from other job. The information obtain from it is useful for finding out
the qualities and qualifications required by a person in order to perform the job
efficiently.
management of Excel is having a positive attitude towards Job Description
.Without Job Description there would be over lapping of authority and response of
persons at different posts. The detailed given on Job Description of Excel is as
under.
1.Nature and Title of job
2.The operations and tasks involved in the job
3.Duties required to be performed
4.Location of the job, physicalrating and the comforts connecting with the job
5.Machine, tools and material required to the job
6.Types of supervision required the job
7.Relation with the other jobs in the organization
8.Working condition fir the job
9.Hazards connecting with the job
10.Opportunity for promotion.

20
 PROMOTION AND TRANSFER POLICY
Promotion refers to the upward movement of employees from one job to
another higher one, with increase in salary, status and responsibilities.
Promotion may be temporary or permanent, depending upon the needs of
organization.
A Transfer refers to literal movement of employees within the same
grade, from one job to another. A Transfer is a change in job of an employee
without a change in responsibilities or remuneration.

Promotion Policy:
In Excel, there is a very good performance appraisal system by which it is
possible to evaluate the performance of person on the job. If the performance of
person is found more satisfactory then he is given promotion. Generally Promotion is
given on the basis of Seniority. Because in Excel, one belief that experience in any
task of a person make it efficient and effective means that is possible by senior
person.

Transfer Policy:
In Excel, the employees are transferred unless demanded, or specially
asked for by employee. Most of internal Transfer takes place in Excel.

21
 PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEM.
To appraise is to assess the worth or value. In the context of an industrial
organization. Performance Appraisal is a systematic evaluation of personnel by
supervisors or those who are familiar with their performance. In other words,
Performance Appraisal is a systematic and objective way of judging the relative
worth or ability of an employee in performing his \ her task.
It is the step where management can find out how effective the employees
are. A Performance Appraisal System is a process of evaluating an employees
performance of the job in terms of its requirment.
It is done for the purpose to give effect to promotions, transfer, assess
training needs, offer rewards, awards, punishment etc.
Excel has adopting “360 – Degree and Rating Scale Method Performance
“. At the end of each month, employees are given the appraisal form in accordance
with his / her designation which is to be filled by supervisors. At the end of each year
the employees who has highest rating is awarded. By this the person who has lower
rating, a reason behind their performance is discovered and if required they are
provided training.

22
 WAGES AND SALARY ADMINISTRATION
“Wages and salaries are the compensation of the person for their work
that is done by them in organization.” So properly developed compensation
whether in form of salary or wages – system is required to attract, obtain, retain and
motivate people of required skills and qualification in the organization.
Wages and salary should fair and equitable. There should not be any type of
prejudice and favouritism in this matter. But it must be given on the basis of their
skill, performance in the real work.
In Excel first of all the file is given from time office to the personnel
department. On the basis of which they count the number of days of their work and
on this basis wages and salary are count for different category’s people.
In Excel on 7 Th of every month, wages and salaries are distributed. Salaries
are given to the employees in form of cheque. The employees can also for an
nd
advance salary on the 22 of the preceding month. If they take loan, amount is
deducted from salary, amount of over time is add in the salary.

The following facilities are paid with salary every month.

Add the above matter
1. Daily allowance
2. Medical allowance
3. Education facility
4. Night shift
5. Petrol reimbursment

Less the following matter.

1. ESI
2. Installment if loan is taken.
The workers are given the wages on daily basis. On other hand the
staff supervisors are given the salaries on monthly basis.

23
 EMPLOYEE STATE INSURANCE SCHEME (ESI)
ESI scheme is the abbreviation of Employee State Insurance Sheme.
How this scheme is applicable and work in Excel, the informations
regarding this are as under.
In Excel, the employees whose salary is less than Rs. 15,000 per
month, given this scheme with following facilities.

(1). Free medical benefit to the employees and to their family members. There are 4
hospitals of ESI. Corporation in Bhavanagar.
(2). In case of employee’s injury and sickness 80% to 82 % of their salary is given to
him.
(3). In the case of death of the employees, his family members are given
compensation and pension also.
(4). Maternity leave for women workers for three month.

Calculation of it is as under.

1.75 % Amount from employees

4.75 % Amount given by the company.
6.75 % Amount is given as a contribution.

At the time of joining in the company they have to fin the form
regarding this scheme.

24
 GRIEVANCE HANDLING PROCEDURE
Employees are the vital part of the company. To take care about their
satisfaction is necessary for any company. Because dissatisfaction leads adverse
effect on output, productivity etc. This dissatisfaction is nothing but Grievance
A Grievance is any dissatisfaction or feeling of injustice in connection
with one’s employment situation that is brought to the notice of the
management.
Complaints affecting one or more individual workers in respect of their
wage payments, overtime, leave, transfer, promotion, seniority, work assignment
and discharge would constitute Grievance.
In Excel two type of Grievance are arise that are
1. Mass Grievance
2. Individual Grievance
In Excel 80 % to 85 % of problems are solved with mutual
understanding. While 15 % to 20 % of Grievance are solved by following
procedure.

.
Arbitration

Top Management Trade union

Middle Management

Supervisor

Aggrieved Employees

25
 EMPLOYEES WELFARE
One of the best ways to motivate the employees is provide welfare
measures. So that they can deliver maximum output in better manner.
In Excel, different facilities regarding welfare are as under.
1. Canteen Facility:
Excel has its own canteen for its employees. It provides tea at
consessional rate at 0.35 paisa and lunch at only Rs. 1 to their employees. Company
provides butter milk and banana to all.

2. Library:
Excel has full – fledge library having technical, non- technical books as
well as newspapers, magazins of interest, periodicals etc. are kept in large number.

3. Uniform Facility:
Company gives 3 pairs of uniform and washing allowance of Rs. 230 to
the workers and 2 pairs of uniform and washing allowance of Rs. 85 to staff every
year. The shoes are provided to every employee twice in year.

4. Bonus:
Excel gives handsome bonus along with sweet packet to their
employees on Diwali festivals.

5. Medical Facility:
The birth day chart is maintained by industry. So gift is given to all by general
manager.

There are other facilities which are as under.

Blood donation: Excel employees are encouraged for these activities and are give
special leave to the blood doner.
26
Milk facility: Every employee is provide 250 ml of milk every day free cost of before
they start their work in the morning and giving.
Sports policy: Sports competition or programmes are conducted from October to
December. Indoor gamess like chess, carom, badminton, table tennis, quiz and outdoor
games like authletics like loomrun, disk throws etc.

27
 TRADE UNION
Trade Union is a continuous association of wages earners for the
purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their working lives.
Trade Unions are voluntary association to which a worker may or may not
join.
The Trade Union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on
behalf of union members and negotiate labor contracts with employers. This may
include the negotiation of wages, work rules, complaints procedures, rules governing
hiring, firing and promotion of workers, benefits, work place safety and policies.
In Excel, two types of Trade unions are working which are mentioned
as below.

1. Workers union
2. Staff union.

Both unions are recognized by the management and registered under

the Trade Union Act 1928.

28
 COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
“Collective bargaining s a process by which employers on the one
hand, and representatives of employees , on the other hand, attempt to arrive
at aggrements covering the conditions under which employees will contribute
and be compensated for their services.”
Why it is called Collective bargaining ? It is called “Collective” because both
the employer and employee act collectively and not individually in arriving at an
aggrement . It is known as “ bargaining” because the process of reaching an
agreement involves proposals and counter proposals, offers and counter offers.
The basic objective of Collective bargaining is to arrive at an agreement
between the management and employees determining mutually beneficial terms and
conditions of employment.
. There are two Trade union in Excel. So obviousally there exist Collective
bargaining. In this case, Excel arranges meeting of the management and the union
at every 3 years, in this meeting the union puts their demands and problems that
are negotiated upon with mutual understanding because of the family environment of
the Excel.

29
 PERSONNEL RECORDS
Personnel Record is very important thing that include name, address, birth
date, date of appointment, hobbies, education, qualification, knowledge etc. of each
employees.
Personnel Record useful to provide ready information which preserves
evidence for taking some important decisions like selection, promotion, and transfer.
Excel maintains the Personnel Records are as under.
(1). Name
(2). Date of birth
(3). Qualifications
(4). Father Name
(5). Address
(6). Language known and mother tongue
(7). Sex
(8). Salaries
(9). Hobbies
(10). Experience
(11). Membership
(12). Blood group.

30
 PROVIDENT FUND SCHEME
The purpose of Provident Fund Act 1952 is to provide safety and security to
the employees on their super annulations. If there are more than 20 persons in the
company then it is necessary to give it.
In Excel, Provident Fund 12% is deducted from the employees’ salary every
month and the same amount is contributing to the employee’s account and from this
8.33 % is for Provident Fund. Under the scheme employees get pension after
retirement and other amount is refunded when he retires.
Company has to send a yearly report to Ahmedabad, a regional office of
Provident Fund. The year followed by the head office is March to February and also
company must pay the amount of Provident Fund in bank after 15 days of payment.

31
 HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES
The term “Health “is a positive and dynamic concept. In common words,
health implies absence of disease. However an industrial point of view Health is
defined as under:

“A state of complete physical, mental and social well – being and not merely
the absence of disease or illness or infirmity. “

In simple words, Safety means freedom from the occurrence or risk of injury
or loss. In other words industrial safety refers to “protection against accidents
occurring in the industrial establishment”.
The objective of safety department are
1. Zero accident
2. Make every one safe minded
3. Legal compliance
4. Maintain safe working procedure.

In Excel at bhavanagar agro chemical is produced. So required safety

measures which are as under.
1. Goggles:
It is used to protect eyes from the gas, chemicals and dust particales.
2. Helmet;
It is used to protect head from the material falling, during repairing of a
plant.
3. Ear plugs:
It is used against land noise in plant where the work man has to remain
present.
4. Cotton mask:
It is used against land noise in plant where dust particles are present.

32
5. Hand gloves:
 For the protection of hand it is used.
6. Barrier cream:
Workers can use the cream while will not allow any chemical to come
in to contact with body.

33
 Marketing
MANAGEMENT
 INTRODUCTION OF MARKETING MANAGEMENT
“Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individual and
group obtains what they need and want through creating and exchanging
products and values with others.” It includes the transfer of goods and services
from producers to consumer in process of distribution.
Marketing is everywhere and it is very comprehensive term. Customers
needs and wants are identified by the function of Marketing. By marketing it is
possible to serve various types of product, services and programs to the target
market and survive in the competition for a longer period of time.
Excel is considering as a large scale unit and is a huge manufacturer of agro
chemical. It owes monopoly for many products. It has the separate marketing
department of Excel play a important role in the success of the company.

34
 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF MARKETING
DEPARTMENT

Vice president

G.M. ( for agro chemical ) G.M. ( for industrial chemical )

Eastern Western Northern Central Southern

Zone manager Zone manager Zone manager Zone manager Z.M

Zonal officer

State in charge

Area representative

Field assistant
 35

Buyers and sellers

First we try to understand that what is market? Market is a place where
sellers and buyers are get to gather for some exchange activities. There are two
types of market which are as under.
1. Preliminary Market
2. Secondary Market
Let’s understand these two types by a very simple narration of it that are….

1. Preliminary Market:
The market in which intermediaries like whole sellers and retailers are
to be used for the sale of the product and services.

2. Secondary Market:
The market in which the products and services are
to be sale to the final customer or in other words to the end user of related product.
The information regarding the sellers and buyers of the company is not
provided by the company.
 36

PRODUCT PLANNING
Product is key element in the market. So the need for product
planning is exist. Product Planning is defined as an activities deciding of product to
be manufactured by the industry. It is related with information of new product is
domination of all product.
In simple words, product is a bundle of satisfaction that a consumer
buys and product planning is act of market, supervising the search development and
commercialization of new product.
In Excel, Product Planning is done in such a way that is available to its
users
1. Long range planning
2. Annual operation planning
3. Monthly planning

1. Long range planning:

Planning consist of 3 \ 5 years. It is for over all development of the
organization. It is done at corporate level.
2. Annual operation planning:
The annual operation planning is yearly plan after consulting the
concerned persons from different sites. It involves marketing,
production and purchase function. It considers
a. Market share
b. Market demand
c. Market competition
d. Distributors
3. Monthly planning:
The monthly planning is generally done in OPG (Operating Planning
Group). Meeting held as a corporate office. Here, planning is done for
 Three months. It is effective for providing better review. The decision
are taken at head office Jogeshwari (Mumbai
37

Monthly planning
Month January February March April May
December 3 2 1 _ _
January _ 3 2 1 _
February _ _ 3 2 1
 38

MARKET SEGMENTATION
A market segment consists of a group customers who share a similar
set of needs and wants. It is the strategy of “DIVIDE AND RULE “
Market segmentation means dividing a market in to distinct group of
buyers with different needs, characteristics, behavior who might required separate
product or marketing mix.
In Excel two bases market segmentation are covers which are as
under.
1. Area based segmentation
2. Product based segmentation

. Area based segmentation Area based segmentation

North Zone East Zone Central Zone Southern Zone Western

Manager Manager Manager Manager Zone
Manager

Product based segmentation

l
Industrial chemical Agricultural chemical

Manufacturing unit Head office Branch office

Bhavanagar Delhi _
Roha Hydrabad Banglore
Selvasa _ Patna
Gajod, kutchh _ Madurai.
 39

PRICING DECISION
Price is the one element of the marketing mix that produces revenue, pricing
is basically related to the basis of average total unit cost and some margin of profit,
price is to be fixed.
Generally the decision or policy regarding the price is framed at head office.
The company who has monopoly in the market can charge a higher price as it
wants. But it must be society oriented also. Otherwise it can not survive in the
market.
Enough opportunities were acquired by Excel to increase wealth. They never
think to get the advantage of shortage or market fluctuation.

 Pricing Decision At Excel:

In Excel price is determined in the meeting of board of directors, marketing
manager and production manager. They follow the following price formula.

Production cost + Administration cost + Taxes + Profit = Total Price

There are various factors consider by Excel at the time of pricing policy which
are as under.
1. Objective of business:
Is to provide satisfaction and not to take advantage of fluctuation
2. Taxes:
Taxes like freight,sales tax, excise, octroi excise on agro product 8 % and
finished industry 15 % to 18 %
3. Cost of production:
Production costs like variable as well as fixed cost are consider.
4. Competitors:
There are no competitors of Excel but China is having power to beat Excel
because it has capacity to produce the product at cheaper rate than Excel.
5. Distribution policy:
 Excel’s distribution channel is very high that play a very important role in it.

40
6. Government Policy:
Excel crop care Ltd. fixes the prices as per the rules of the government.
7. Other factors:
a. Wages and salary of the employees
b. Profit
c. Advertising and promotional expenses
d. Level of farmer
e. Price of raw material
f. Credibility in the market.
41
 PROMOTION MIX
Promotion Mix is also known as Market communication. In today
marketing practices, a market promotion has much vital role.
Promotion Mix deals with those activities directed to increase sales
volume. It includes all those attempt that are directed towards increase the sales of
product on a continuous basis.
Market promotion is not only concerned with raising sales volume but
is also a tool for establishing long term relations with the parties involved and is a
matter of image, reputation and goodwill for the company.
Although advertising is often a central element of a marketing
communications programs, Apart from it there are many elements of it. That means
it consists of Six major model of communication.

1. Advertising
2. Sales promotion
3. Events and Experience
4. Public relations and publicity
5. Direct marketing
6. Personal selling

In Excel, in order to increase the volume of sales and maintain

Healthy relationship with its customer use following elements.

1. Advertising:
They use various types of advertising tools like news papers,
magazines, posters, television etc.
2. Events:
Excel arranges various types of events like management event, event
related to art etc.
3. Personal selling:
By use of Internet it is possible to increase the volume of sales for
Excel.
42
 CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION
Channel of distribution indicates their routes of path ways through
which goods and services flow and reach to the customers. So it is consider as “ an
intermediate “ between producers and customers.
There are various types of distribution channel like,
1. Sales through Advertising
2. Sales through Traveling sales force
3. Sales through retail shop of manufactures.
In Excel different channel use for both product which are as under.
1. Agricultural product:
The Excel sent products firstly to the distributors (nearly 22 in Gujarat)
that provide to dealer. There should be 60 dealers. Then it is reached
at retailer that provides to the ultimate consumers means to the
farmers.

Excel

State central warehouse

Carried and forward agent

Distributors

Dealers

Retailers

Consumer (Farmers)

43
2. Industrial Chemical:
Excel has a direct contact with industrial unit for its chemical and they
export also. So company does not have channel of distribution for
industrial products. How it reached to ultimate customers. Let’s
understand this by following chart.

Excel

State central warehouse

Industrial buyer

44
 MARKETING RESEARCH
Marketing Research is a function that provides necessary
informations about the customer to the market. Marketing Research that act as
a link between customers and marketers.
Marketing Research helps the marketing manager link the
marketing variable with the environment and consumers.
For Marketing Research Excel takes in to consideration the following
two steps.
1. Present situation
2. Planning and forecast
Excel has established Two research center.
1. C. C. Shroff research institutions.
2. Vivekanand research and training institute.
In this institution they make effort for water management try to reduce
the pollution and for other research activity. There is an atmosphere
forecast school. In the industry from which they can come to know
about the present and future atmosphere they can forecast about the
future demand for the market.

45
 Financial
MANAGEMENT
 INTRODUCTION OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Finance has served as Back Bone for any economy. In simple
words, finance management means raising of adequate fund at the minimum cost
and using them effectively in business.
According to Soloman “ Financial management is concerned with
the efficient use of fund and important economic resources that is capital
fund.”
We can see the importance of Financial Management in the following
information.
“Business takes money – manage the money - than he can earn more of the
money that he has taken “
Financial management is basically the management of Finance of the
business. So Financial management is necessary to carry on all activity without
finance activity is not possible to run. So it is consider as “ Life blood of business”.

46
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT

Chief Manager A / C.

Senior Manager A / C.

Senior Executive

Manager

Executive

Senior Officer

Officer

Staff
 47

FINANCIAL PLANNING
It will be not be any exaggeration to say that most of the time of a
finance manager is consumed in financial planning. “ Financial Planning may be
referred to as assessment of financial requirement and clear arrangements of
various sources of capital. So as to optimize on the cost and increase return to
share holders and accommodate at all times the carrying of the assets. “
At Excel, they have planning about long term as well as short term
financial planning. Short term financial planning is for yearly. Financial plan and
decision making are undertaken at central level.
In Excel financial planning are done from the head office. The head
office sends month cash to each unit as per requirement by the unit. All financial
expense biills are sent to head office every 10 days, like this it is sent three times in
a month. If more cash is required, the head office sends the amount for the unit.
48
 CAPITAL STRUCTURE
Capital structure is the mix of sources from which the long term funds
required by business are to be or are raised. It decides the promotion of funds to be
raised by promotion of funds to be raised by issue of ownership.
It include equity share capital, preference share capital, and
amount raised from borrowing. i.e. debenture, bonds, public deposits etc.
A firm should always try to maintain an optimum capital structure. that
is to be obtain at that combination of debt and equity that maximize the total value of
firm.
Efforts regarding capital structure are made by financial manager in
Excel. Capital structure of Excel includes owner’s fund, equity capital, reserve and
surplus are there. Preference share is not issued but only in authorized capital.
Thus capital structure may be defined as relationship of debt and
equity decision relation to be taken very carefully. Information of our company is as
under.
Particular Rs. In Lakh (approximately)
Paid up share capital 550.28
Reserve and surplus 14552.14
Secured Loan 7905.62
Unsecured Loan 6891.83

49

CAPITAL BUDGETING
 Capital budgeting decision means a decision as to what ever or
not money should be invested in long term project. It also involves ranking of
different proposals in terms of profitability for facility the selection of best proposal.
Capital budgeting may be used for replacement of an assets,
expansion program, diversification, modernization or for research and development.
In Excel, head office handle all the function of capital budgeting. They
also consider the future plan for capital budgeting and target is given to each
manufacturing branch by the head office.
Excel has invested 30 % of its total source in fixed assets. Ultimately
company is society oriented. So at the time of evaluating project it consider financial
as well as social aspect.

Capital Budgeting of Excel

Particular Rs. In Lakh

Share Capital 550.28
Reserve and Surplus 14552.14
Fixed assets 15558.74

50
 MANAGEMENT OF FIXED ASSETS
Fixed assets are generally those type of assets which remains in the
organization for a long period of time, costly, expensive and give benefit for a long
period of time. Fixed assets are those which can not be convert in to cash
immediately, like machine, building etc.
In Excel different types of machinery, piping are available and their
management required proper planning.The manager or higher authority of the
organization firstly evaluate the requirement of Fixed assets for particular project of a
plant, if they find the project is beneficial . then give permission to invest in the Fixed
assets. All the activities are undertaken at the head office Mumbai. For the smooth
running of the industry they deducted the depreciation from it.

Fixed assets - Depreciation

Fixed assets - Depreciation

Fixed assets turnover ratio:

To ascertain the efficiency and profitability of the business this ratio is
useful.
Sales
Fixed assets Ratio = Net fixed assets

The more the sales in relation to the amount invested in fixed assets,
the more efficient is the use of fixed assets.
In Excel, the fixed assets ratio turn over is higher, which reflects
efficient financial management and high profitability.

51
 MANAGEMENT OF WORKING CAPITAL
Working capital management involves deciding upon the amount and
composition of current assets and how to finance these current assets. Working
capital used to meet the day to day requirement of business.

Determining the appropriate levels of Working capital involves

fundamental decisions with regard to firm’s liquidity and trade off between risk and
profitability. The greater the amount of Working capital level maintained, the lesser
the risk of running out of cash but profitability will be less. In case of the lower level
of Working capital,the profitability will be greater but the risk of running out of capital
to meet the day – to day requirement will be less.
Excel Ltd. has seasonal market. Therefore, it required to manage the
Working capital very carefully to meet the regular as well as unexpected expenses
like cost of raw material, work in progress etc.
In Excel 50 % of total funds are invested in Working capital. In Excel,
each branch has it s own material management department, stores department. It
handles inventory at branch level and transactions regarding to purchase of raw
material and sales of finished are handled at central level. Excel has adopted
scientific inventory control system. So it never faces the crisis of inventory.

52
 RECEIVABLE MANAGEMENT
When a firm sales the good for cash, payment are receivable
immediately. So no receivable is to be created. But when the goods and services
are sell at credit, payments are received at future date and receivable that is
expected to collected in near future. The main objective to sale on credit is that its
sales are not lost to competitors.
Excel Ltd. has adopted selective credit policy. So it does not grant
credit to each and every customers whose financial position is good and payment
habits are favorable Generally company grant credit of 30 to 45 days. In many
cases credit for more than 3 months as after the season, the customers may get
money and they can pay. As company adopted the selective credit term, so
company is collection of receivable efforts and bed debts loss are minimum.
Excel crop care Ltd. has developed such an optimum credit policy
through its management which is giving marginal balance of cost and benefit. Such
liquidity position is very good. So, it is investing more and more amount in book
debts to attract customers.

53
 INVENTORY MANAGEMENT.
Inventory is made up of the major investment in current assets. The
various forms in which a manufacturing concern may carry inventory are.
1. Raw material
2. Work in progress
3. Finished goods
4. Stores and supplies
Over investment is used to facilitate efficient and smooth production
and sales operation.
Under investment in inventory is to maximize profitability. Both
inventories are undersigned as both involve certain consequences. So proper
management is necessary.
Excel has adopted scientific inventory control system. So it never
faces crises of inventory.
In Excel, in each branch, they have their own material management
department where their safety decide about stock level and then demanding raw
material from head office. Head office is also adopting such techniques to fulfill the
demand of branch whenever it arises.

54
 CASH MANAGEMENT
Cash is the most liquid asset in any business. It is a very crucial asset
in the day to day operations of a business firm. Cash is the basic input required to
run the business continuously and at the same time, it is also ultimate output
expected to be realized by selling the service or product manufactured by the firm.
The basic objective of cash is to reduce the operating cash
requirement to the minimum possible extent without affecting the routine
transactions.
Cash management is concerned with the managing of
( a ). Cash flows in to and out of the firm
( b ). Cash flows within the firm
( c ). Cash balance held by the firm at a point of time by financing deficit or
investing surplus cash
Excel has many branch at different place. So, it becomes more
important for it to do the cash management and in the best possible manner. Excel
has many selling depose, which are main sources of cash inflows. Therefore, the
planning of all the different locations formal total demand of cash for Excel crop care
Ltd.

55
 RATIO
The relationship between two related items of the financial statement is
known as Ratio. It is useful to known the financial position of any company.
Ratio analysis is the very first technique to justify the financial position
of any company. Simple meaning of Ratio is “ Relationship in a percentage
manner known as a Ratio “.
There are two types of classification of Ratio which are as under.
1. Traditional classification
2. Functional classification
The financial position of Excel is analyzed by the various Ratios which
are as under. that is on the basis of the balance – sheet of Excel as on
31 – 3 – 2010.
Figures of assets, sales and liability, Net profit are in lakh.

1. Gross Profit Ratio

G. P.
G.P. = x 100

Sales

2. Net Profit Ratio

N.P. (PAT)
N.P. = x 100
Sales

Current assets
3. Current Ratio =
Current Liability

4. Liquidity Ratio
Liquid assets
Liquidity Ratio =

Liquid Liability

56
5. Creditor Ratio
Creditor + Bills payable
Creditor Ratio = x 365

Credit purchase

6. Debtor Ratio

Debtor Ratio = Debtor + Bills receivable

x 365

Credit sales

7.Stock turn over Ratio

Cost of goods sold
Stock turn over Ratio =

Average stock

Information regarding all these things are not provided by the company.

57
 LEVERAGE
In very simple words, the Leverage means the relation between two
variables. In financial analysis, the term Leverage represents the influence of one
financial variable over some other financial variable. There are mainly three types of
Leverage may be computed.

1. Financial Leverage
2. Operating Leverage
3. Combined Leverage

Financial Leverage:
It indicates the firm’s ability to use fixed financial charge in EBIT on
The firm’s EPS (Earning per share). It indicate the extent to which the earning per
share will be affected with the charge in earning before interest and tax ( EBIT ) . it is
computed as
EBIT
=

EBIT – Interest
Operating Leverage:
It measures the effect of change in sales quantity and operating
capacity on EBIT. It is computed as:

Sales – variable cost ( i.e. contribution )

Earning before interest and tax

Combined Leverage:
The combined effect of operating Leverage and financial leverage
measures the impact of change in contribution on EPS.
It is computed as:

58
 Operating Leverage Operating Leverage
Sales – variable cost EBIT
EBIT EBIT - Interest

= Sales – variable cost

EBIT - Interest

Leverage is not applicable in Bhavanagar unit of Excel Ltd.

59
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
All the information of the whole project, made by me, collected from the
following reference books.

( 1 ). Human Resource Management

By K. Aswathappa
Publish by Mahajan, Publishing house, Ahmedabad
Fist Edition : 2003 - 04

( 2 ). Marketing Management
By Kevin Keller and Philip Kotler
Published by person education ( Singapore ) Pte. Ltd.
New Delhi, Eleventh edition, 2005

( 3 ). Financial Management
By Prof. S.P. Shah
Dr. Paresh p. Shah
Prof. J. M. Shah
Dr. P. K. Priyan
Dr. Hitesh J. Shukla
Published by Tata Mc.
Grow HILL Education Private Ltd.
New Delhi,
Fifth Edition - 2008
 60

AN
INDUSTRIAL VISIT REPORT
UNDERGONE AT
EXCEL CROP CARE LIMITED

PREPAID BY GUIDED BY
KAJAVADARA KRISHANA L. (SHAHEZAD BODILA)
(ROLL NO.-76) (LECTURER)
(S.Y.B.B.A.)

SWAMI SAHAJANAND COLLEGE OF COMMERCE &

MANAGEMENT
BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY
BHAVNAGAR
BATCH 2009 -2012