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BIOPAC Systems, Inc.

Training Seminar
• About BIOPAC
• Hardware Setup
• Software Setup
• Subject Preparation
• Data Acquisition Demonstration
• Data Analysis
• Application Notes and Other Resources
• Question and Answer Session
MP150
MP150
• A/D Conversion
• Range of the MP150 system: from -10 to +10 Volts
• A/D resolution: 16 bit
• Dual A/D converters: Reduce Channel/Channel
timing latency
65536 levels or 30 microvolts resolution
• Minimum change that can be detected is 30 uvolts. If
the signal is not strong, it must be amplified.
• Sample Rate
• Max Sample Rate = 200 K Samples/Sec. Max
aggregate of 400 kHz
Sampling Rate
ECG waveform sampled with relatively few
samples per second. The black dots are
the sample points.

Above waveform as it would look if plotted.

Representation of the same ECG


waveform sampled at a relatively higher
sampling rate.
Sampling Rate
Recommended sample rates for physiological signals
ECG 200 Hz (1,000 Hz for HRV)
Respiration 50 Hz
GSR 50 Hz
EMG 1,000 Hz to 10,000 Hz
EEG 200 Hz
EOG 200 Hz
Blood pressure 100 Hz
Flow rate 50 Hz
EGG (electrogastrogram) 1 Hz
UIM100C Universal Interface
• 16 analog channels
– Input range between
100 mv and 10 v

• 16 digital outputs

• Digital Trigger

• Channels are input and


output
Amplifier Settings
• Red Channel Switch
– Only one amplifier per channel
• Gain
– Depends on application
• Filters
– AC for Biopotential Recording
– DC for Transducer Recording
• Transducer Amplifiers:
– Calibration Required
• Biopotential Amplifiers:
– No Calibration Required
ECG100C Amplifier
• Designed to pass the ECG signal (P, Q, R, S,
T waves) with minimal distortion

• Works with disposable or reusable electrodes

• Typical Human Settings:


– GAIN: 2000
– MODE: NORM
– 35Hz LP: ON
– HP: 0.5 Hz
GAIN and typical physiological signal levels
Heart Potential (ECG) 0.5-4 mV
Brain Potential (EEG) 5-300 µV (scalp)
Muscle Potential (EMG) 0.1-5 mV
Electrooculogram (EOG) 50-3,500 µV
Blood Pressure: direct measurement 10-400 mmHg Arterial
indirect measurement 25-400 mmHg Venous, 0-50 mmHg Venous
Blood Flow 1-300 cc/sec.
Respiratory Rate 2-50 breaths/min
Pneumotachography (flow rate) 0-600 liter/min.
Tidal Volume 50-1,000 ml/breath
Galvanic Skin Response 1-500 kΩ
Electrogastrogram (EGG) 10-1,000 µV

Source: Revised from Medical Engineering, C.C. Ray (ed.) Copyright 1974 by Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc. Chicago
Filters: Low pass, High Pass, Band Pass, Band Stop, Notch

Low Pass at 5Hz

High Pass at 5Hz


Filters: A practical Low Pass Filter
example with ECG Part I

Noisy ECG data

Data after applying a low pass filter at 35Hz


Filters: A practical high pass filter
example with ECG Part II

Drifting ECG data

Data after applying a high pass filter at 1Hz


GSR100C Amplifier
• Designed to measure skin conductance via the
constant voltage technique

• Works with disposable or reusable electrodes

• Grounding provided by Vin-

• Typical Human Settings:


 For SCL  For SCR
GAIN: 5 µmhos/V GAIN: 5 µmhos/V
LP: 1.0 Hz HP: 0.5 Hz subject’s
HP: DC baseline return to 0 ~ 1 sec.
HP: DC HP: to 0.05 Hz subject’s
baseline return to 0 ~ 10 sec.
DC vs. AC example with skin conductance
Software Setup
Before you start
recording:

• MP150 Menu
– Set Up Acquisition
• Manual recording
• Automatic recording
• Sample rates
• Acquisition length
• Online Averaging
– Evoked Response
Software Setup
Before you start
recording:
• MP150 Menu
– Set Up Channels
• Analog, Digital, and
Calculation Channels
• Scaling and
Calibration
CALIBRATION
• GSR Scaling
Software Checklist
• Set analog, digital, and calculation channels
– Make sure analog channels match amplifier
channels
– Make sure Source channels are set in calculation
channel setup
• Set Acquisition Type and Length
• Set up triggering or stimulator if desired
• Make sure green light is on
Electrodes, Leads, and Gels
Subject Preparation
• Abrade the skin (ELPADs)
• Electrode Gel
• Wait 5 minutes for best results
• Minimal movement
• Impedance check (EEG, etc.)
• One ground per subject!
Einthoven’s Triangle
Hints for minimizing data error
• Subject should remain as relaxed as possible
• Subject must avoid excessive extraneous movement
• Press ESC to add a marker every time you give the subject
an instruction
• Add text to describe all interventions
• During comparative data analysis, ensure that all scales are
the same for every channel
• Remove all jewelry or other metal objects
• Check all cable connections
• RECORD BASELINE PERIOD!
Hardware Checklist
Before you start recording:
• Make sure there is only one amp per channel
• Check the GAIN and filter settings
• Check Subject
– Check electrode placement
– Let gel soak in (5 minutes)
– Make sure there is only one ground per subject
Software Setup
• Set Up Triggering

• Set Up Stimulator

• Set Up Event
Hotkey

• Show Input Values

• Show Manual
Control
Data Analysis
Specialized Analysis package included

• Transform and Analysis Menus


– All post-acquisition processes
– Offline filtering
– Waveform math
– Fast-Fourier Transform
– Automated analysis
• ‘Find Rate’ functions
• ‘Find Cycle/Peak’ functions
• Specialized Analysis Package
– AcqKnowledge 4 Windows
– AcqKnowledge 3.9 Mac

• Always duplicate waveform!!


Controlling the Display
• Vertical Scaling
– Autoscaling
• Horizontal Scaling
– Scrolling vs. Autoplot
• Zoom Tool
• Display Modes
– Chart mode, Scope mode,
X/Y plot, Stacked Plot
• Hiding and Displaying
Channels
Filters – FIR vs. IIR
• FIR – Finite Impulse Response
– used for post-acquisition filtering
– Phase Linear – More accurate than IIR filters

• IIR – Infinite Impulse Response


– used for on-line or post-acquisition filtering
– More efficient (faster) than FIR filters
– Q value
Filters: Role of coefficients in FIR filters
Frequency response for FIR 35Hz LP
Original data with 4 coefficients:

FIR 35Hz LP coefficients = 4

Frequency response for FIR 35Hz LP


with 22 coefficients:

FIR 35Hz LP coefficients = 22


Filters: Performance of FIR filters vs. IIR filters

Original data

FIR 35Hz LP coefficients = 22

IIR 35Hz LP
Online Resources
• Application notes • Publications

• Knowledge base
• Product Resources tab

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