ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTAL 1

NAME: JASJEET SINGH A/L HARJEET SINGH

ID: 53106118068
CLASS: 1 AEM 8
LECTURER: MEJAR ABU BAKAR BIN SAUD
Table of comparison of Characteristics of RCL in Series and Parallel
R = Resistance XC = Capacitance Reactance
Reactance
RCL IN SERIES
 The total opposition or the
impedance of a circuit is the
vector sum of the total
reactance and the resistance.
This is determined by the
formula:-
Z = √ R 2+ ¿ ¿
 If the capacitive reactance (XC)
is larger than the inductive
reactance (XL), the circuit is
capacitive
 If the inductive reactance (XL) is
larger than the capacitive
reactance (XC), the circuit is said
to be inductive.
 Once impedance (Z) is found, to
find current use ohm’s law
(Z=E/I)
 Current flow through RCL are
same. Voltage
XL= Inductive
RCL IN PARALLEL
 The current flow through each of the
three components must take into
consideration for the phase shift to
occur.
 To find Inductive Reactance (XL) and
capacitive reactance (XC) using the
same formulas as before
 To find impedance (Z) the formula
use is:-
Z= √¿1¿ ¿
 To find total circuit current the
formula is (Ohm’s Law):-
I = (E/Z)
 To find current drop across each
component, the formula:-
IR = ER/R
IL = EL/XL
IC = EC/XC
 ER = IR × R (For Resistor)
 EL = IL × XL (For Inductor)
 EC = IC × XC (For Capacitor)
RCL IN SERIES RCL IN PARALLEL
 Apparent Power – is the product
of source voltage × total circuit
current and is measured in volt-
ampere (VA)
 P apparent = E × I (VA)
 True Power - which is developed
in a circuit and measured in
watts
 P true = E × I × Power Factor
(cos ϴ) in Watt
 Power Factor – is a ratio between
true power ( I 2R) and apparent
power (E × I) or is a ratio
between voltage drop at R (ER)
and total voltage (ET)
 Phase angle (ϴ) – is the angle
whose cosine ϴ is the power
factor
Series
 Apparent Power – is the product of
source voltage × the total current
and its measured in volt-amp (VA)
 P apparent = E × I (VA)
 True power – which is developed in a
circuit and measured in watts (W) by
the formula
 P true = ET × IT × Power Factor
(cos ϴ)
 P true = I2R (W)
 Power factor – is a ratio of current
drop across resistor (IR) to the total
current (IT)
 Phase Angle – is the angle whose
cosine ϴ is the power factor
Parallel
 XL = XC XL = XC
Z=R Z=R
Z minimum, I maximum IL = IC
Voltage and Current are in phase IR = IT
Power Factor = 1 Z maximum, I minimum
Used as acceptor circuit Voltage and Current are in phase
Power Factor = 1
Used as rejector circuit
Comparison of Resonance