Q1:

Advertising is a part of our culture where consumers create their identities with the help
of symbols hidden in the goods. Culture is the mutual programming of people’s thinking
that appears not only in values but also in more superficial ways such as in symbols,
heroes, and rituals.
Humans have always sought fulfillment, and it is obvious that pure materialism cannot
bring happiness since a combination of the spiritual and material is what fulfils our lives.
Advertising billboards claim that you can get friendship, family life, or status through
specific things.
Using the crescent mood in advertising is a good sign for attraction of consumer to buy
companies product. However, these religious events should used in a appealing manner
rather than to discourage someone religion which will negatively effect the consumer
buying and unethical. Despite negative aspects symbolic advertising also brings positive
ideas which advertising can put together just by representing brands and not seducing
buyers by informing clients or by creating healthy attitudes and habits such as second-
hand reuse, recycled, eco-friendly, or a local market product purchase.

Q2:
Ramadan is a holy month marked by gratitude, prayer, family, and
community. So, businesses that do build ad campaigns have to think carefully about
what is said and how products are advertised. Companies using the push strategy to
boost sales of their products in the month of the Ramadan event for the muslim
community and they celebrate the EID day with the full of joy. They buy clothes and
other eatable goods for the EID which provide the competitive edger for companies to
push their sales by offering the EID DISCOUNT which attract the large number of
customers to buy their products. It is good way to advertise and push the sales for
companies to generate big sales and take advantage of this event.

Marketing Communication techniques

Companies that are thinking of advertising during this month can use the following
techniques to reach the customers through marketing techniques as follows;

Times to market during Ramadan

It is important for marketers to understand that Muslims are fasting from consumables.
The best TV series tend to run during Ramadan and ad space is at a premium. Marketers
should see this late time as an opportunity to increase ad spends so they can reach the
widest audience.

B2B Marketing in Ramadan

B2B marketing during Ramadan is advisable in most situations. Some companies may
have some unique services or products that might appeal to other businesses during
Ramadan .

Use iconic Symbols of Ramadan in your Advertisements

Dates
Dates are an essential part of the breaking fast meal each evening during Ramadan and
due to this they can commonly be found in Ramadan ad campaigns.
The Crescent Moon
Widely seen to be one of the most common symbols of Islam today the crescent moon is
used on flags for various countries. This is a very good technique to attract the
consumers in this holy month.

Lanterns
Lanterns are commonly strung up in many Muslim countries become iconic of the
Ramadan season especially in countries like UAE.

Q-1:
Adoption means that a person does something differently than what they had
previously (i.e., purchase or use a new product, acquire and perform a new behavior,
etc.). The key to adoption is that the person must perceive the idea, behavior, or
product as new or innovative.

Diffusion of innovation refers to the spread of products, services, ideas, and practices

in a relatively slow initial manner (most of the time) before the innovation starts to
spread quickly into the rest of the population. Let's go over some examples of
this concept and discuss what may influence it. It is worth noting for marketing
manager that adoption is the process by which a user begins and continues to use a
product; diffusion is a measure of the rate of adoption. It considers the relationship not
just between any given user and a product but the relationship between all users, each
other and the product.
Diffusion has some interesting implications for driving the rate of diffusion including:
Examining social networks and finding highly respected individuals and working with
them to create desire for an innovation
Determining a representative group of desired users and “injecting” the innovation into
that group to gain positive feedback, case studies, etc. to help make the decision
making process easier for other would-be early adopters
Diffusion recognizes that adoption is not an isolated process but rather one which is
influenced heavily by other members of the adoption cycle.
 Q-2:
The new product development process in 6 steps
1. Ideation
Many aspiring entrepreneurs get stuck on ideation, often because they’re waiting for a
stroke of genius to reveal the perfect product they should sell.
2. Research
With your product idea in mind, you may feel inclined to leapfrog ahead to production,
but that can become a misstep if you fail to validate your idea first.
3. Planning
Since product development can quickly become complicated, it’s important to take the
time to plan before you begin to build your prototype.
4. Prototyping
The goal of the prototyping phase during product development is to create a finished
product to use as a sample for mass production.
5. Sourcing
Once you have a product prototype you’re satisfied with, it is time to start gathering the
materials and securing the partners needed for production.
6. Costing
Costing is the process of taking all of the information gathered thus far, and adding up
what your cost of goods sold (COGS) will be, so that you can determine a retail price
and gross margin.

Food Snake Example

Food products are among the easiest to start developing at a low cost and from the
comfort of your own home. Creating a new energy bar can be as simple as buying
ingredients and tweaking the recipe in your own kitchen.

In order to move from recipe to packaged goods you can sell in stores or online, you will
need to find a commercial kitchen that is licensed to produce food and has passed a
health and safety inspection.

These kitchens are usually set up with large ovens and cooking equipment to
accommodate large batches, but if you are considering mass production and packaging,
a co-packer or co-manufacturer might be a better option. These are manufacturing
facilities that specialize in processing raw materials and producing food and beverage
products at scale.

Other factors to consider:

 Labels and warnings: ingredient lists, nutritional information to display
 Laws and regulations: many countries have regulations around dietary
information, allergen warnings, and health claims that you will need to comply with
 Expiry dates: understanding your product lifetime

Q3:
The product audit is the assessment of the final product/service and its qualification
for use evaluated versus the intent of the purpose of the product/service. It ensures a
thorough inspection of a final product before delivery to a supplier or a customer.

A product audit -- often referred to as a quality audit -- is an inspection of a final

product before delivering it to a supplier or a customer. Any company, including small
businesses, should conduct regular product audits, as they help improve quality,
increase profitability and enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty

Types of Audits
Audits can be conducted by a first, second or third party. First-party audits are
performed internally by a quality control department within the business that produces
the product.
Second-party audits are conducted by those who are personally interested in the final
product, such as other businesses. Customers may conduct product assessments to
check if it meets their specific requirements.
Third-party audits are performed by an independent contractor who has no personal
interest in the product and inspects it for quality.

Preparing for an Audit

Before conducting a product audit, it should determine what type of inspection should
take place. If he has received complaints about a product, the internal quality control
department can examine it and take action to resolve it.

Conducting an Audit
The purpose of a product audit is to determine that the final product is void of any
defects and meets the requirements. If it does not meet the requirements, the auditor
should document the findings, list the facts and suggest a corrective action to eliminate
the problem.

Important Points
A product audit should be performed not to catch any slacking employees, but to
uncover potential problems with the product or the production process. Involve every
department that works with the product. If the auditor reports a problem, the correction
team should address and correct it even.