What to study Chemistry 2020

‫ وﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟطﺎﻟب أن ﯾذاﻛره‬٢٠٢٠ ‫ﻣﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ اﻻﺟزاء اﻟﻣﻠﻐﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﮭﺞ اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎء‬

To study:
1. Chapters 1, 2, 3 & 4 complete. No cancellations at all.
2. Organic: Until alkynes (acetylenes) i.e. EZ Way page 1-15 (Organic Notes p 1-30)

Extra topics to be studied:

The following topics were mentioned in other chapters or have links with other
topics so it is strongly advised for students to study them to be sure

‫ﺗم إﻟﻐﺎء أﺧر ﺟزء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎء اﻟﻌﺿوﯾﺔ ﻣن ﺑﻌد اﻷﻟﻛﺎﯾﻧﺎت وﻟﻛن ھﻧﺎك ﻣواﺿﯾﻊ إﺿﺎﻓﯾﺔ ﻣﺗداﺧﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ أﺑواب‬
‫وأﺟزاء أﺧرى ﯾُﻧﺻﺢ ﺑﺷدة ﻣذاﻛرﺗﮭﺎ‬

Please turn over

‫ﻣن ﻓﺿﻠك اﻗﻠب اﻟﺻﻔﺣﺔ‬
a) Cyclic hydrocarbons structures (aliphatic and aromatic)
EZ Way page 16 and 17 (Organic Notes page 6, 31 and 32)
Study the structures of the cyclic compounds and know which are
aliphatic and aromatic.
b) Esterification Reaction (Ester Formation Reaction)

EZ Way page 29 (Organic Notes page 54)

CH3–CO OH (l) + CH3–CH2–O H (l) CH3–COO–CH2–CH3 (aq.) + H2O (l)

acetic acid ethyl alcohol ethyl acetate ester (pleasant fruity odour)

Esterification reactions are reversible reactions as studies in Chapter 3 page 2.

conc. H2SO4 is a dehydrating agent to absorb the produced water and

prevent the backward reaction

According to Le Chatelier, there are many factors to affect the equilibrium.

In this case we use to remove one of the products (water) by adding
concentrated sulphuric acid H2SO4 (dehydrating agent), which absorbs water
and therefore pulls the equilibrium forward.
conc. H2SO4
CH3–CO OH (l) + CH3–CH2–O H (l) ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ CH3–COO–CH2–CH3 (aq.) + H2O (l)

c) Ethylene glycol and Uses:

EZ Way page 32 (Organic Notes page 23)

Study the structure and names and uses of ethylene glycol. The give reason why
it is used as antifreeze is very important.

Please watch the following video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaKSjTAO96U&feature=youtu.be
d) Hybridization of Carbon:

Notes of Chapters 1, 2, 3 & 4 in the Revision part (first part of the notes) page 9.
Study the types of hybridization (sp3, sp2 or sp) in alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.
And study the angle between the bonds in alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

Please watch the following video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9YEkRKToQWA&feature=youtu.be