BIOMASS​ ​ENERGY

Prepared for

Prof. Hariprasad P
Prof. Satyawati Sharma

Prepared by

Jitendra 2016EE30517
Ankit 2016EE10475
Samarth 2016EE30516
Akhil 2016EE30
Paras 2016CE10(lauda hai ek number ka)

07 April, 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS  

1.Introduction to Biomass energy

2.Power supply
3.Renewable Vs non-renewable energy
4.Motivation for biomass energy
5. Extraction of energy
5.1 Solid fuel combustion
5.2 Gasification
5.3 Paralysis
5.4 Digestion
5.5 Fermentation
5.6 Anaerobic Digestion
6. Biogas designs
6.1 Introduction of design
6.2 Fixed dome Vs Floating Drum
7. Uses of Biogas
8. Case Study
8.1. Biogas Electricity in Pure Village
8.1.1 Technology
8.1.2 Lighting
8.1.3 Water supply
8.1.4 Biomass Gasifies
8.2 Electrification of Hosahalli, a south Indian village
8.2.1 Technology
8.2.2 Lighting
8.2.3 Water supply
8.2.4 Flour milling
Introduction to Biomass energy

Biomass  is  the  material  derived  from  plants  that  use  sunlight  to  grow  which  include 
plant  and  animal  material  such  as  wood  from  forests,  material  left  over  from 
agricultural  and  forestry  processes,  and  organic  industrial,  human  and  animal  wastes. 
Biomass comes from a variety of sources which include: 

● Wood from natural forests and woodlands 

● Forestry plantations 
● Forestry residues 
● Agricultural  residues  such  as  straw,  stover,  cane  trash  and  green  agricultural 
wastes 
● Agro-industrial wastes, such as sugarcane bagasse and rice husk 
● Animal wastes 
● Industrial wastes, such as black liquor from paper manufacturing 
● Sewage 
● Municipal solid wastes (MSW) 
● Food processing wastes 

In nature, if biomass is left lying around on the ground it will break down over a long 
period of time, releasing carbon dioxide and its store of energy slowly. By burning 
biomass its store of energy is released quickly and often in a useful way. So converting 
biomass into useful energy imitates the natural processes but at a faster rate.
 
Biomass  can  be  transformed  into  clean  energy  and/or  fuels  by  a  variety  of 
technologies,  ranging  from  conventional  combustion  process  ​to ​advanced 
biofuels​ ​technology.  Besides  recovery  of  substantial  energy,  these  technologies  can 
lead  to  a  substantial  reduction  in  the  overall  biomass  waste  quantities  requiring  final 
disposal,  which  can  be  better  managed  for  safe  disposal  in  a  controlled  manner while 
meeting the pollution control standards. 
 
Biomass  conversion  systems​ reduces  greenhouse  gas  emissions  in  two ways.  Heat and 
electrical  energy  is  generated  which  reduces  the  dependence  on  power  plants  based 
on  fossil  fuels.   The  greenhouse  gas  emissions  are  significantly  reduced  by  preventing 
methane  emissions  from decaying biomass. Moreover, biomass energy plants are highly 
efficient  in  harnessing  the  untapped  sources  of  energy  from  biomass  resources  and 
helpful in ​development of rural areas​. 

In the past few years, there have been significant improvements in renewable energy technologies
along with declines in cost.
Biomass can be converted into modern energy forms such as liquid and gaseous fuels, electricity,
and process heat to provide energy services needed by rural and urban populations and also by
industry.
This paper explains the different ways of extracting energy from biomass and a comparison is
made among them.
Brings out the advantages over the other renewables putting forth the drawbacks to be overcome
to make it still more successful.
Power supply

The supply of grid power to rural areas is characterized by

a) Low loads.
b) Power shortages.
c) Low reliability.
d) Low and fluctuating voltages.
e) High transmission and distribution costs and power losses.

Decentralized power generation based on renewables is an attractive option to meet the

energy needs. ¾ The availability of biomass such as wood, cow-dung, leaf litter in rural areas
is more. ¾ Hence a choice of biomass energy especially in rural areas is more reasonable but
at the same time the technology is being developed to meet the large-scale requirements using
biomass.

Biomass energy has played a key role in the time of Second World War when there was a
fuel deficiency. ¾ Many vehicles, tractors and trucks used wood gasifies, which generate
producer’s gas, running an internal combustion Engine. ¾ One of the major advantages of
biomass energy is that it can be used in different forms.

For e.g., Gas generated from the biomass can be directly used for cooking or it can be used
for running an internal combustion Engine for developing stationary shaft power or otherwise
coupled to generator for generating electric power.

Motivation
• Renewability benefits
• Environmental benefits
• Sociopolitical benefits

There are several renewable and non-renewable energy options for power generation at the
decentralized level.
It is necessary to understand why biomass-based energy options should receive priority over
other options and to discuss the advantages to local and global communities as well as the
environment.

Biomass is renewable fuel used in nearly every corner of the developing countries as a source
of heat, particularly in the domestic sector.
Biomass energy includes energy from all plant matter (tree, shrub, and crop) and animal
dung.
Biomass, unlike other renewables, is a versatile source of energy, which can be converted to
modern forms such as liquid and gaseous fuels, electricity, and process heat.