Alternate fuels

Auto LPG

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 World LPG - Scenario

As of 2001
• Global LPG production 203.4 MMTPA
• Global Demand- 199.35 MMTPA
• Asia’s Demand- 56.04 MMTPA
(India – 7.5, Japan- 18.8, China-14.2, South
Korea-6.7, Thailand-2.28)

Increase in Consumption by 1.1%, production up

by2.1 % over on year 2000
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 Sector wise Distribution
Global Statistics

• Domestic- 97.423MMTPA
• Industry- 25.63
• Transport-15.4(Auto LPG)
• Chemical-44.2
• Balance in Agriculture and other applications

Transport Sector accounts for 7.5 % of total

LPG Demand
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 Major Auto LPG Markets
Country Consu No of No of
mption Vehicles Dispensing
(TMT) (Lacs) Stations
South 3326 14.28 846
Korea
Japan 1538 2.86 1862
Italy 1394 12.5 2052
Australia 1370 6.0 3500

Turkey 1230 9.75 3300

Growth in Auto LPG is due to lower tax

structures & other incentives given by governments.
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 AUTO LPG ( PRODUCT)
SPECIFICATIONS

 Product should confirm to IS 14861

 Auto LPG should meet minimum octane no. of 88 as against no such
specific requirement for domestic LPG
 Stringent norms have been laid down controlling the evaporation
residue to 100 mg/kg against no specific requirement in case of
domestic LPG.total volatile sulphur limited to 150 ppm.
 C5 Hydrocarbons and heavier restricetd to mole 2.0% and 1,3
butadienes limited to 0.5%.
 The product has to maintain minimum 7 bar pressure in winter.

Auto LPG Grade different to that of Domestic Grade

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 Comparative characteristics of
LPG

Properties Unit Petrol Diesel Auto LPG CNG

Motor Octane NO MON 85.2 NA 88 120(Plus)

Liquid Density Kg/l 0.775 0.845 0.54 0.42 @ 162

Deg C
Lower Calorific Value Mj/l 32.5 35.9 25 21@
-162 Deg C
Sulphur Content ppm Less than Less than Less than Less than
100 500 50 5

Benzene Vol 2 0 0 0
%

Characteristics indicate better performance & emissions

Of Gaseous fuels 6
 Auto LPG Demand in India
(TMTPA)

YEAR DEMAND(TMTPA)

2002-2003 150.17
2003-2004 168.20
2004-2005 187.20
2005-2006 207.09
Less than 2 % requirement of Over all Demand for LPG
( AS PER MDRA SURVEY ) 7
 Availability of Auto LPG

• The demand is little less than 2.0 % of Total LPG

requirement
• Indian fractionators and few other refineries i.e
Koyali,Haldia, Mathura, Mangalore produce Auto
LPG grade.
• Imported LPG can also be blended with propane to
achieve required specifications

Product availability is not an issue.Logistics have to

be tackled.
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 Effect of emissions

 Carbon monoxide ,the most known pollutant,has direct toxic effect as

it blocks the oxygen transport through the body.
 Nitrogen oxides (No and NO2)have direct toxic effect; They can cause
chronic tightness of the chest.
 Benzene,Butadiene and the Aldehydes can irritate eyes.
 Particulate emission can trigger Nasal allergy and Bronchitis.
 Poly-Aromatic Hydro Carbons have a long term toxicity and can
cause cancer

Conventional Fossil fuels emit several harmful

Pollutants having direct & indirect effects on health
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 Effect of emissions
 Ozone formation occurs due to release of Nox and several other
organic components . O3 and Nox have effect on the mortality of
elderly people and cardiac patients.O3 causes eye irritation,tightness
of the chest and irritation of upper bronchial tubes.
 Release of SO2 and particulates form a health hazard causing
breathing problem and increased mortality.
 Global warming due to release of Green House gases such as
CO2,CH4,N2O(laughing Gas),CFC’s(Chloro-fluro Carbons).

Long term effects of emissions on Climate changes &

Global warming
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 Comparative Emissions
Pollutant Gasoline LP Gas Diesel
Carbon Monoxide 100 50 35
Nitrogen Dioxide(NO2) 100 100 1000
Benzene,Toluene,Xylene 100 5 8
Particulates 100 50 700
Formaldehyde,acetaldehyde,Acrolein 100 50 500

Poly-Aromatic hydrocarbons 100 50 45

Global warming potential 100 87 89

LPG on over all parameters has potential in

reducing 11
 AUTO LPG –Salient features
PARAMETER LPG
12 KG/SQ.CM, MUCH
FI LLI NG PRESSURE
SAFER
LIGHTER, EASY TO
FUEL TANK
CARRY IN A VEHICLE
BY ROAD TANKERS
DISTRIBUTION
AND CYLINDERS

ALL CITIES AND

AREAS COVERED TOWN CAN BE
COVERED. NO
LOGISTICS PROBLEM
AVAILABILITY CAN BE IMPORTED
I NVESTMENT ON
40 LAKHS( 0.8
INFRASTRUCTURE
MILLION US DOLLAR)
CONVERSION COST Rs. 23,000/-
FILLING TIME 3 MINUTES PER CAR

AUTO LPG is safe ,cheaper and has no logistics problem.

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 Types of vehicles

• Technology to convert all types of Vehicles available in the world.

• In India target Customers are 1 st Generation vehicles(Carbureted

type) 4 wheelers like Taxies, and 3 wheelers(Auto Rickshaws).
• In the second phase conversions are likely in 2 nd generation
vehicles (MPFI Vehicles)

• Technology can also be imported from Japan, South Korea

,USA,France or Italy to convert City bus fleet to auto LPG Service.

Proven technology available for LCV’ s & HD

Vehicles
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 COST AND MILEAGE COMPARISON
OF AUTO FUEL

FUEL COST OF FUEL MILEAGE COST/KM

Rs./LITRE KMS / LITRE Rs.

MS 34.23 12 2.85

HSD 23.75 12 1.98

CNG 19.70/KG 17 1.16

AUTO LPG 15.79/LITRE 9 1.75

Prices applicable for Mumbai

AUTO LPG is cheaper than MS & HSD.

OMC’s have proposed to Govt. RATES
for incentives for making
APPLICABLE it more
FOR MUMBAI
attractive. 14
 STATUTORY AND GAZETTE NOTIFICATIONS

 All statutory regulations, acts and BIS codes are published for complete
implementation of Auto LPG such as :

 LPG Control Order

 Gas Cylinder Rules
 SMPV rules
 Motor Vehicle Act
 Motor Vehicle Rules
 BIS codes for Auto LPG Product - IS: 14861
 BIS codes for Auto LPG Tanks - IS: 14899: 2000
 BIS codes for multi port valves IS : 15100:2001
 OISD guidelines for storage , handling and operation of Auto LPG Stations:
Awaiting Publication.

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 SALIENT FEATURE OF FUEL TANKS AND
CONTAINERS AS PER BIS : 14899: 2000

 Applicable BIS code 14899 : 2000

 Design temperature -20 to +65 deg C.
 Design pressure 3 Mpa ( approx 30 kg/ sqcm).
 Safety Gadgets:
 80% Fill Limiter
 Remote operated valve with excess flow valve
 Level Indicator
 Gas Tight Housing
 Non return valve
 Fusible Plug.

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 FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT

 Underground Storage Tank with Cathodic Protection designed

to ASME Sec VIII Div-2 / BS: 5500 / IS: 2825 with fittings
mounted as per SMPV Rules.
 Submersible Pump with protection against over heating and
bearing cooling lubrication system- capacity 110 lpm .
 Dual Hose LPG Dispenser with a capacity of 35 lpm per hose
with a break away coupling
 Control Panel/ Run Box
 Safety and Fire Fighting Equipment
 3 Nos Emergency Push Button
 DCP fire extinguisher
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 AUTO LPG DISPENSING STATION- LAYOUT
AND FACILITIES

SITING & LAYOUT

 Minimum distances to be maintained from :

 Boundary wall to U/G tank ( 7.5 kl / 10 kl) is 3 m/ 5m
respectively
 Fill Point to center of Hard Stand is 9 m
 Fill Point/ vent point and POL dispensing pumps to LPG
Vessel is 9m
 All around clearance from LPG dispenser is 6 m.

 It is preferable to locate ALDS away from sensitive areas from

schools , hospitals etc.
 Minimum area required in existing retail outlet is 18m x 30 m

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 PROGRESS MADE BY OIL
COMPANIES

Plans of Oil Companies:

 2001-02 28
 2002-03 111 (cumulative)
 2003-04 228 (cumulative)

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