Excersise: 2.

The displacement time graph of a

person walking along a straight 10

path way is shown in Fig. 1. Displacement (m) 160

t (s)
Estimate the positions at the end 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

of (a) 20s (b) 40s (c) 60s (d) 80s

10
(e) 160s.

Solution:
Time Displacement Remark

20s 10m

40s 10m

60s 0 The person is at the starting position

80s - 10m The person is at 10m in the opposite

direction

160s 0 The person is at the starting position

 Excersise: 2.6

A swimmer’s speed along the river is 20 km/h and upstream is 8km/h.

Calculate the velocity of the stream and the swimmer’s possible speed in still
water.

Solution: Stream

Vs + Vr = 20 km/hr
Swimmer
Vs - Vr = 8 km/hr
Stream

2Vs = 28 km/hr
Swimmer
Vs = 14 Km/hr = 3.889 m/s

Vr = 6 Km/hr = 1.667 m/s

Excersise: 2.7
A electric train leaves a station starting from rest and attains a speed of 72 Km/h is
10s. It travels at that speed for 120s. Then it undergoes uniform retardation for 20s to
come to halt at the next station. Calculate (i) the distance between the two stations
and (ii) average velocity of the train.

Vx
Solution:

P Q
72km/hr
=20m/s

S
t(s)
O 13Os 20s
10s R

Total distance = Area of trapezium = ½ (PQ + OR ) x QS = ½ (120 + 150) x 20 = 2700m

Average velocity = Total distance/Total time = 2700/150 = 64.8 m/s
Excersise: 2.17
A car’s velocity as function of time is given by Vx(t) = α + βt2 where α = 3m/s and β =
0.1m/s3. Calculate the average acceleration for the time interval t =0 to t 5s. (b)
Calculate instantaneous acceleration for t = 0 and t = 5s. (c) Draw Vx Vs t and ax Vs t
graphs for the car’s motion between t = 0 and t = 5s.

Solution:
Vx = 3 + 0.1m/s3 t2

(a) aav-x = Vx2 – Vx1/t2-t1 = 3.5 -3/5 =0.5/5 = 0.1m/s2

(b) Vx = 3 + 0.1m/s3 t2
ax = dvx/dt = 0.1 x 2t , At t =0 ax = 0 , t =5 ax = 1m/s2

(c) P P

ax Vx ax = 0.2t =1

O O
t t
 Excersise: 2.19
An antelope moving with constant acceleration covers the distance between two points
70m apart in 7s. Its speed as it passes the second point in 15m/s.
(a) What is its speed at the first point?
(b) What is its acceleration?

Solution:

Vx = V0x + axt
→ V0x = Vx - axt
=15 – 7ax

X –x0 = V0x + 1/2axt2

→ 70 =( 15 – 7ax) 7 + 1/2ax x 49
→ ax = 1.43 m/s2

V0x = 5 m/s
 Excersise: 2.35

A stone is dropped into a well and the sound of the splash is heard after 3.5s.
If the velocity of sound in air is 325 m/s, find out at what depth, the water is
found in the well ( g = 9.82 m/s2).
Solution:

y –y0 = ½ gt2 (For stone)

y –y0 = 325 (3.5 –t) (For sound)

From eqn. 1 and 2

½ gt2 = 325 (3.5 –t)
gt2 = 650(3.5 –t) t1 = time taken by stone to reach the vertical
2
→ t +65t-227.5=0 (g=10, cancels out) distance ‘y’
→ t1 = 3.333s t2= time taken by sound to cover a
→ t2 = 3.5 – 3.333 = 0.167061s = 0.17s distance ‘y’
t1 + t2 = 3.5 ---------------------------(i)
S = ut2 Sound travels with uniform speed. So
= 325 x 0.17 = 55.25 m y = vt2 = (325m/s) t2
y = 325 t2 ---------------------------(ii)
Excersise: 2.36
A small rock is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 18m/s from the
edge of the roof of a 30m tall building. The rock doesn’t hit the building
on its way back down and lands on the street below. Air resistance can be
neglected. (a) What is the speed of the rock just before it hits the street?
(b) How much time elapses from when the rock is thrown until it hits the
street?.
Solution:
2 2
v1y  v0y = 2 g y1
2

0  18m/s  = 2 - 9.8m/s 2 y1 
y1 = 16.531m
y = y1 + 30 = 16.531 + 30 = 46.531m
v 22y  v1y
2
= 2g y

v 22y  0= 2 9.8m/s 2   46.531m  v 2y = v 0y + g t
v2y = 30.199m/s
v2y  v0y 30.199  18
t=   1.245 s
g 9.8
 Excersise: 2.38

A stone is thrown up vertically with a velocity of 20 m/s. Find out the

instance at which the magnitude of its momentum and its kinetic energy
will be half its initial value.
Solution:
(Vx/2)2 – (V0)2 = -2g (y –y0)
→ y – y0 = (10)2 – (20)2/ -2 x 9.8
= 15.306

(Vy/2)2 - (V0)2/ -g = t
→ 10 -20/ - 9.8 = 1.02 s
E = ½ mVy2 and E1/2 = ½ mVy12 → 2 = (Vy)2/(Vy1)2 → Vy = Vy/

t = 20/ - 20/ -9.8 = 1.317s

 Excersise: 2.51

A rocket starts from rest and moves upward from the surface of the earth. For first 10s of
its motion the vertical acceleration of the rocket is given by ay = 2.8m/s2, where +y
direction is upward. (a) What is the height of the rocket above the surface of earth at t =
10s (b) what is the speed of the rocket when it is 325m above the surface of earth.

Solution:
(a)

(b) y = 1.4t3/3 → t3 = 3y/1.4 = 696.428 → t =8.864s

Vy = 1.4 t2 = 110m/s
 Excersise: 2.52
The acceleration of a bus is given by ax(t) = αt where α = 1.2 m/s3 . (a) If the bus’s velocity
at t 1=1s is 5m/s. What is the velocity at t = 2s (b) If bus’s position at t = 1s is 6m. What is
its position at time t =2s
P P
P
Solution: Vx x
ax

O
O O t
t t