14/02/2020

Universidad Mariana Pasto-Nariño

GRANULOMETRIA AGREGOS FINOS Y GRUESOS
Facultad de ingeniería - Programa Ingeniería Civil
Martínez T, Oliva S, Cortes B, Jojoa S

Summary
Based on the knowledge learned through the INV standard on granulometry of coarse and
fine aggregates, the practice was carried out based on the theory described in the standard.
Thus achieving a correct quartering, correct order and execution of the sieve and for the
proper identification of the materials used, recognizing if it is a thin or thick material, and
thus it is considered that the material is suitable for the realization of the concrete,
subsequently the data were taken obtaining the percentages of material through and retained
in the different sieves, generating a graph through which the distribution of the material in
each sieve can be observed.
I. Introduction. III. Procedure.
The report shows the application of For the determination of whether a
standard INV SECCION 200/E material is of fine or coarse origin it is
213(2013), which covers the necessary to follow a series of steps or
granulometry of fine and coarse a process. First, a distribution of all
aggregates. Putting each of the quartet material was made to make it as
concepts into practice, screening, homogeneous as possible, following
calculation of the passing or retained the steps described by INV 2013 /E
mass and calculation of the 202 (2013) method A manual
percentages necessary for the quartering of large samples. Where
production of a graph summarizing the sample was first placed on a hard,
the entire process on the material clean and level surface. It is mixed
through or retained, so as to be able to with the aid of a spade about three
determine the type of soil or material times, then a conical stack is formed,
being worked with. then we distribute the sample in 4
equal parts and mix so that there are
II. Objectives.
two parts where diagonally they are
• To be able to identify in an analytical joined in two pairs.
and experimental way the type of material
that was handled, both its origin and its
properties.
• To learn an appropriate manipulation of
the instruments and techniques necessary
for the practice.
• Analyze the graph of the results
obtained.
• Adapt to the use and verification of the
standard for each process required.
 14/02/2020
Universidad Mariana Pasto-Nariño
GRANULOMETRIA AGREGOS FINOS Y GRUESOS
Facultad de ingeniería - Programa Ingeniería Civil
Martínez T, Oliva S, Cortes B, Jojoa S

Starting from the quartet we carry out the
necessary measurement of 5kg of the
cracked material, for our sifting with the
help of the weighed balance
openings several times during sieving
operation. So we had to perform this
process several times until the initial 5kg
has been done. The process was carried
out with a mechanical sieve in a time of
60 seconds, for a greater precision before
the measurement of the masses that were
present in each sieve, we again carried out
a manual sieve for each one. We perform
the measurement of retained masses on
each sieve and aggregate the data
obtained at each repetition to obtain the
final results.

Sieving: we made the selection of the

sieves which were the following: sieve 2,
1, 1, 3/4, 1/2, 3/8, and sieve No 4.
SIEVE ORDER
mm in
50 2
25 1 -Graphics: with
19 3/4 the final results,
12.5 1/2 we continue to
9.5 3/8 build a graph in the Excel program, where
4.75 4 we can briefly show the entire process.
Carrying out an analysis of the same
Table 1: Order of sieves.
including the limits of percentages interns
As described in the standard they should dictated by the norm.
be arranged in decreasing order. From
IV. Results:
this we carry out the sifting of the
material distributing it in such a way that After the screening procedure we
as the norm tells us The amount of obtained the following results:
material in a given sieve should be
limited in such a way that all particles
have the opportunity to reach the sieve
 14/02/2020
Universidad Mariana Pasto-Nariño
GRANULOMETRIA AGREGOS FINOS Y GRUESOS
Facultad de ingeniería - Programa Ingeniería Civil
Martínez T, Oliva S, Cortes B, Jojoa S

21 %+ 0 %=21%
% through=¿
100−%acumulated retention=79 %

With the obtained data we could calculate

from all masses the total mass which was
4.97kg and we calculated the percentage
of loss which was 0.6%.
% loss=¿
( mass initial−final mass )∗100
mass initial
Table 3: Percentage of loss.

Table 2: Sieving data.

Where to calculate the % retained and
trainee we use the following formulas:
RETAINED MASS∗100 %
% RETAINED=
MASS INITIAL
By typing the results in Excel we got the
Sieve No 1:
1.04 kg∗100 %
% RETAINED= =21 %
5 kg
%THROUGH=¿
100−%ACCUMULATED RETENTION
The percentage retained accumulated is
the sum of the percentage retained in each
sieve.
% ACCUMULATED RETENTION =¿
%CURRENT SIEV +%FRONT SIEVE following graph.
Sieve No 1: Graph 1: Granulometric curve of gravel
% ACCUMULATED RETENTION =¿ in mm.
 14/02/2020
Universidad Mariana Pasto-Nariño
GRANULOMETRIA AGREGOS FINOS Y GRUESOS
Facultad de ingeniería - Programa Ingeniería Civil
Martínez T, Oliva S, Cortes B, Jojoa S

LOWER LIMITS
SIEVE MM % THROUGH
N2 50 100%
N1 25 68.00%
N3/4 19 58.00%
N1/2 12.5 47.00%
N3/8 9.5 40.00%
N4 4.75 27.00%
Graph 2: Granulometric curve of gravel N10 2
in. Tab
le 5: percentage passing (lower limit).
For comparison between the limits
proposed by the standard and the data
obtained from the practice, the three
conditions were plotted.
Ta
b le
4:

Graph 3: Particle size with lower and

upper limits in mm.

percentage passing (upper limit).

 14/02/2020
Universidad Mariana Pasto-Nariño
GRANULOMETRIA AGREGOS FINOS Y GRUESOS
Facultad de ingeniería - Programa Ingeniería Civil
Martínez T, Oliva S, Cortes B, Jojoa S

Graph 4: grain size with upper and lower
limits in.
V. Analysis of results.
Through the data obtained in the sieving,
we can determine that the material with
which we work is gravel, since this
material is retained in its entirety up to
the sieve of 4.75 mm (No.4).
With respect to the percentage of mass
loss, the standard mentions that the sieve
is continued for a sufficient period, so
that after finishing no more than 1% of
the material used in the sieve is lost
which is why we can say that we are
within the range with 0.6%.
When making the graph we could observe
that when comparing the base curve has a
minimal difference that we can explain
due to several factors.
the first of these can be due to the fact
that the precision of the balance was not
enough because we worked with a
balance with great sensitivity, which in a
minimal measure varied the values.
This variation can also be explained by
the fact that between the 2’ to ¾’ sieves
more material was retained because they
had a diameter that allowed us to pass to
the next sieve and generate that drop in
the graph, so this small difference was
generated at the beginning and end of the
graph.
As observed between 100% and 60% a
small curvature is observed tending
towards the horizontal, this indicates that
there is a greater passage of material
between the sieves of 2’ a ¾’’, this shows
a smaller distribution of material sizes,
which could lead to our final concrete
having to fill in more fine aggregate
spaces which reduces the resistance of the
sample.
We can observe the remarkable difference
between the boundaries and the graph that
we can explain through different factors,
one of them may be the error that the
material did not contain entirely gravel if
not soil and clay residues, which could
affect the results, Therefore, we consider
that it is necessary to carry out washing
and drying suitable for the material to be
used.
Analyzing the graph we can observe that
the material we handle is more of coarse-
sandy gravel, since the final graph tends
to be in the range of 10.1 of the graph.
Also consider the option of determining
that the established limits do not
correspond to the same material we work
with. since comparing the passing
percentages of the limits with the
experimental ones have a big difference,
besides that as expressed in the standard,
the gravel is retained entirely in the sieve
4.75mm (No 4.), so would not correspond
to coherent percentages.
Conclusions
• From the analysis of the results it can be
deduced that the material worked, is a
material of thick type, more specific fine
gravel.
 14/02/2020
Universidad Mariana Pasto-Nariño
GRANULOMETRIA AGREGOS FINOS Y GRUESOS
Facultad de ingeniería - Programa Ingeniería Civil
Martínez T, Oliva S, Cortes B, Jojoa S

• It can be verified that the result is within

the stages dictated by the standard INV
2013 section 100, that fine gravel is
retained in the sieve 4,75 mm (No_4)
• It is important to stress the fact that the
use of very sensitive scales can affect the
mass results, whether retained or through
• Despite having used a mechanical sieve,
we consider that to have better results is
complemented manually.
• A suitable quartering is essential as this
allows for a representative quantity of
fine and thick aggregate to be present for
each sample.
• It is essential to follow the correct order
of the sieves as specified in the standard
fits the sieves in descending order of
aperture size and places the sample on the
upper sieve
• Good sieving is important so that empty
spaces do not need to be filled when
concrete is made