Contents

Biomedical Sciences
Biruta Bartaševičienė, The Influence of Potassium Fertilizers on the Yield and Quality of
7
Juozas Pekarskas Ecologically Cultivated Vegetables
Marija Rimkevičienė,
Lina Ūksienė,
Rimantas Velička, Aspects of Sulphur Accumulation in Spring Oilseed Rape 14
Aušra Marcinkevičienė,
Jonas Kučinskas
Lina Ūksienė, The Impact of Coating Seeds with Nutrients and Different Sulphur
20
Jonas Kučinskas Norms on the Yield of Spring Rape Seeds
Social Sciences
Rima Adamonienė Management Functions of the Educational Process 27
Rolandas Kripaitis,
Assumptions and Possibilities for the Development of Sustainable
Jonas Čiulevičius, 34
Agriculture in the Sinkhole Region of the North Lithuania
Juozas Kirstukas
Ona Liberienė, The Development and Perspectives of the Information Society in
40
Vida Žemaitienė Lithuania
Competency Profile and Competency Based Training of the Specialists
Pranas Markevičius,
and Executives Working in the Agriculture Products Processing- 46
Stasė Motuzienė
Companies
Rasa Merkienė,
The Attitude of Social Workers’ at Kaunas Regional Municipality to
Dalia Perkumienė,
their Prospects of Rendering Assistance to Adolescents from 54
Stasė Navasaitienė,
Incomplete Families
Pranas Markevičius
Stasė Motuzienė,
Tendencies of Sugar Beet Growing and Sugar Production in Lithuania 60
Pranas Markevičius
Renata Petrauskienė Marketing Mix Decisions in the Business of Rural Tourism 66
Astrida Slavickienė, Assessment of Financing the System of Lithuanian Compulsory Health
73
Albina Novošinskienė Insurance
Technology Sciences
Vidmantas Giedraitis,
The Investigation of Thermo-Physical Processes in Vertical Statically
Stasys Šinkūnas, 81
Stable Foam Flow
Jonas Gylys
Indrė Gražulevičiūtė - Historic Gardens of Former Manor Residencies: Development, Present
87
Vileniškė State and Prospects
Requirements for scientific articles 98

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

The Influence of Potassium Fertilizers on the Yield and Quality of Ecologically Cultivated Vegetables

Biruta Bartaševičienė, Juozas Pekarskas

The influence of potassium fertilizers allowed to use by the regulation of „Ekoagros“ in Lithuania, potassium chloride,
potassium sulfate, potassium magnesia, potassium salt rates on the ecologically cultivated vegetables was studied in 2002-
2004 in the research station of Lithuanian University of Agriculture.
It was set, that all K90 potassium fertilizers increased the total and marketable harvest of carrots. The reliable increase
in the yield of carrots has been obtained after fertilization with K130 - potassium sulfate and K90 - potassium magnesia.
Having fertilization with potassium magnesia and potassium sulfate in carrots the quantity of carotene was increased.
Potassium fertilizers has not substantion influence on the quantity of omount of suger in carrots. It was revealed, that the
fertilization all potassium fertilizer forms decreased the quantity of nitrates in carrots.
Fertilization with all potassium fertilizer forms and rates significantly increased the total harvest of beetroots. The
biggest yield was achieved after fertilization with potassium salt (K120). Potassium chloride and potassium salt has
essentially increased the yield, but comparing with fertilizing by potassium magnesia, the yield increase was not
substantial. The use of potassium fertilizers did not make influence on the dry mater of beetroots, but positively influenced
the accumulation of nitrates.
The study suggests, that biggest yield of onions was achieved after fertilizing with potassium sulfate and potassium
magnesia K90 .
Ecologically, vegetables, potassium fertilizers.

Biruta BARTAŠEVIČIENĖ. Assoc. Prof. of the Department of Chemistry, Lithuanian University of Agriculture, doctor of agricultural
sciences. Address: Studentų 11, Akademija, Kaunas district LT-53361. Tel. +370 75 22 15. E-mail: ch@lzuu.lt.
Juozas PEKARSKAS. Assoc. Prof. of the Department of Soil and Agrochemistry at Lithuanian University of Agriculture doctor of
agriculture sciences. Address: Studentų 11, Akademija, Kaunas district LT-53361. Tel. 8671 03 749. E-mail: DA@lzuu.lt.

ISSN 1648 – 116X LUA RESEARCH PAPERS. 2007. Nr. 74 (27)

BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Aspects of Sulphur Accumulation in Spring Oilseed Rape

Marija Rimkevičienė, Lina Ūksienė, Rimantas Velička, Aušra Marcinkevičienė, Jonas Kučinskas

In the Experimental Station of Lithuanian University of Agriculture over the period of 2000 − 2005 it was established
that the concentration of sulphur in plants of spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) variety ‘Sponsor’ was increasing during
the process of ontogenesis. Sulphur in oilseed rapes the most intensively was accumulating during the flowering stage (from
0.18 % at the inflorescence emergence stage to 0.64 % at the flowering stage). The concentration of sulphur depends on
meteorological conditions. Strong relationship has been revealed among the concentration of sulphur in the oilseed rapes and
the sum of precipitation (r = 0.71-0.75), relative humidity (r = 0.57-0.62), sum of active temperatures (r = 0.62-0.67) and
concentration of sulphur in rainfall (r = 0.60-0.63). Increasing the amount of sulphur in soil, the sum of active temperatures
and concentration of sulphur in rainfall the amount of glucosinolates in the seeds of oilseed rape ‘Sponsor’ has been
increasing, but stayed within the requirements of standard (20 µmol g-1). Fertilising rate higher than S34 (content in the
mineral fertilisers) is beside the purpose if the spring oilseed rape ‘Sponsor’ is grown in the sulphur-rich soil.
Brassica napus L., sulphur, meteorological conditions, soil.

Marija RIMKEVIČIENĖ. Doctor of biomedical sciences, Associate Professor, senior scientific worker at the Experimental Station,
Lithuanian University of Agriculture. Address: Karkiškes, LT-53347 Akademija. Tel. (8 37) 75 22 17.
Lina ŪKSIENĖ. PhD student at the department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Agronomy faculty, Lithuanian University of
Agriculture. Address: Studentų g. 11, LT- 53347 Akademija, Kauno r. Tel. (8 37) 75 22 79, el. paštas lina.uksiene@lzuu.lt.
Rimantas VELIČKA. Doctor hab. of biomedical sciences, Professor at the department of Soil Management, Lithuanian University of
Agriculture. Address: Studentu g. 11, LT-53347 Akademija. Tel. (8 37) 75 22 11.
Aušra MARCINKEVIČIENĖ. Doctor of biomedical sciences, Associate Professor at the department of Soil Management, Lithuanian
University of Agriculture. Address: Studentu g. 11, LT-53347 Akademija. Tel. (8 37) 75 22 11.
Jonas KUČINSKAS. Doctor of biomedical sciences, Associate Professor at the at the department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry,
Agronomy faculty, Lithuanian University of Agriculture. Address: Studentų g. 11, LT- 53347 Akademija, Kauno r. Tel. (8 37) 75 22 79.

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

The Impact of Coating Seeds with Nutrients and Different Sulphur Norms on the Yield of Spring Rape
Seeds

Lina Ūksienė, Jonas Kučinskas

The investigations of the influence of coating seeds with nutrients (iSeed) and different sulphur norms for spring rape
yield were caried out at the Experimental Station of Lithuanian University of Agriculture in 2001–2004. The soil -
Calc(ar)i – Epihypogleyic Luvisols. Arable layer of soil – neutral, semi-humus, semi-phosphorus and potassium. It was
found that coating seeds (iSeed) with nutrients (KH2PO4) substantialy increased the yield of spring rape seeds and fat
content in the fields where only nitrogen fertilizers (N85) were used. Seed yield increased by 0.19 t ha-1 in comparison with
the control treatment and fat content increased 79.7 kg ha-1, respectively. The coating seeds with nutrient decreased the
fatness of spring rape seeds, fiber content and glucosinolats content in seeds. Content of eruc acid varied not consistently.
Application of S also increased the yield of spring rape and seed oil content. Large increase in seed yields, was obtained in
response to the application of 67 kg S/ha with 100 kg N/ha and 60 kg P/ha and 90 kg K/ha treatment. The seed fatness and
fiber content varied not consistently, content of erucic acid and glucosinolats content in seeds increased fractionally under
the influence S norms.
Spring rape, fertilizers, coating seeds, sulphur.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jonas KUČINSKAS. Doctor of biomedicine sciences, Assoc. Prof. at the Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Agronomy
faculty, Lithuanian University of Agriculture. Address: Studentų str. 11, LT- 53347 Akademija, Kauno r. Tel.(8 37) 75 22 79.
Lina ŪKSIENĖ. PhD student at the department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Agronomy faculty, Lithuanian University of
Agriculture.Address: Studentų str. 11, LT- 53347 Akademija, Kauno r. Tel.(8 37) 75 22 79, e-mail: lina.uksiene@lzuu.lt.

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SOCIAL SCIENCES

Management Functions of the Educational Process

Rima Adamonienė

The aim of the research is to reveal the proportion of professional pedagogue’s qualifications and personal qualities.
In the research we have analyzed the qualifications and competences of 107 professional pedagogues. We used R.Cattell‘s
questionnaire of 16 personality factors that allowed the establishment of 16 interdependent and psychologically significant
units – factors of personality.
The analysis of professional lecturers‘ qualifications, competences and personalities shows that the professional
pedagogue with higher competence and qualification significantly distinguishes due to his/her professional personal
features. Trying to reach the success in their activities the professional pedagogues have to improve not only the
professional qualifications but the competences as well. Besides, they have to recognize their own personal features, inner
abilities and possibilities necessary for their professional occupations.
The results of the research show the predominant features according to the qualifications of professional pedagogue
and the influence management on the educational process.
Personalitie‘s lineaments, Educational process, Management, Professional Pedagogue,.

Rima ADAMONIENĖ. Dr., Assoc. Professor of social sciences at Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Department of Professional
Pedagogics and Psychology. Address: Lithuania, Universiteto str. 10, LT-53361 Akademija, Kaunas distr. Tel. (+370 37) 75 23 82, e-
mail: rima.ad@centras.lt

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SOCIAL SCIENCES

Assumptions and Possibilities for the Development of Sustainable Agriculture in the Sinkhole Region of
the North Lithuania

Rolandas Kripaitis, Jonas Čiulevičius, Juozas Kirstukas

This article presents the results of socio- economic research carried and with the purpose to evaluate social
assumptions and possibilities to accelerate the development of sustainable agriculture as an alternative to traditional
farming in the region and to review social subsequences of sustainable farming in other countries.
Observations have revealed that the intensive traditional farming is limited by strict environmental requirements and
constantly increasing value of natural resources therefore it is becoming not competitive. The development of ecological
farming is blocked by the slow-growing market of ecological products and strict environmental regulations. The
promotion and development of sustainable agriculture could be one of the ways solving economic and social problems in
the sinkhole rural areas.
Sustainable agriculture, compensatory payments.

Rolandas KRIPAITIS. Economics and Management faculty, Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Graduate student at the Department
of Economics. Address: Universiteto g. 10, LT-53361 Akademija, Kauno r. Tel. (8 37) 752259, e-mail: motelsilas@gmail.com
Jonas ČIULEVIČIUS. Economics and Management faculty, Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Professor, Hab. Doctor of Social
Sciences, at the Department of Economics. Address: Universiteto g. 10, LT-53361 Akademija, Kauno r. Tel. (8 37) 752259, e-mail:
ekokat@lzuu.lt
Juozas KIRSTUKAS. Economics and Management faculty, Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Associate Professor at the
Department of of Economics. Address: Universiteto g. 10, LT-53361 Akademija, Kauno r. Tel. (8 37) 752259, e-mail:
juozas.kirstukas@lzuu.lt

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SOCIAL SCIENCES

The Development and Perspectives of the Information Society in Lithuania

Ona Liberienė, Vida Žemaitienė

The description of information technologies implies the information and communication technologies by highlighting
the importance of computer networks, relation lines and data transmission. The EU information society plan „Europe‘s
rolling action plane for the information society“ includes four main directions: expansion of business environment,
promotion and motivation of the investments, priority of citizens‘ needs and the development of international information
trades. The State regulation for Informatics in Lithuania has been launched in 1991, since Lithuania has less computers and
worse Internet access points than other European countries. However the changes in this area are clearly visible. The
creation of Central Internet Gates in Lithuania stimulates the society to update the level or its computer and information
literacy.
Information society, computer literacy, development and perspectives.

Ona LIBERIENĖ. Lietuvos žemės ūkio universitetas. Fundamentinių mokslų studijų instituto Informatikos katedros lektorė. Adresas:
Universiteto g.10, LT-53361 Akademija, Kauno r. Tel. (8 37) 75 23 94, el. paštas ona.liberiene@lzuu.lt
Vida ŽEMAITIENĖ. Lietuvos žemės ūkio universitetas. Fundamentinių mokslų studijų instituto Informatikos katedros biomedicinos
mokslų daktarė, docentė. Adresas: Universiteto g.10 LT-53361 Akademija, Kauno r. Tel.(8 37) 75 23 94, el.. paštas
vida.zemaitiene@lzuu.lt
Ona LIBERIENE. Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Department of Informatics, lector.
Address: Universiteto g. 10.LT-53361 Akademija, Kaunas distr. Tel.(370 37) 75 23 94, e-mail: ona.liberiene@lzuu.lt
Vida ŽEMAITIENĖ. Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Department of Informatics, doctor of
biomedical sciences, Assoc. Prof. Address: Universiteto g. 10. LT-53361 Akademija, Kaunas distr. Tel. (370 37) 75 23 94, e-mail:
vida.zemaitiene@lzuu.lt

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SOCIAL SCIENCES

Competency Profile and Competency Based Training of the Specialists and Executives Working in the
Agriculture Products Processing-Companies

Pranas Markevičius, Stasė Motuzienė

In integration of Lithuania with the European union, the development of the economy and the globalisation of market
have demanded to focus on the competency profile for the specialists and executives. Applying the method of social
survey, analysing the documents and scientific literature on economic studies, the specialist and executive competency
profile for staff working in agriculture products processing-companies has been investigated and assessed. The article
provides sound arguments on the development of the methodical recommendations for the evaluation of these
competencies, presents the standards and indicates the direction for the development of specialist and executive
competencies. The paper explores the influence or training on improving the career prospects for the executives and
specialists working in the field of agriculture products processing.
Сompetency profile, methodics, training, career prospects.

Pranas MARKEVIČIUS. Doctor of social sciences, Assoc. Professor. Department of Business Management, Lithuanian University of
Agriculture. Address: Universiteto g. 10, Akademija, LT-53361 Kauno distr. Telephone: (+370 37) 752328, e-mail verslas@lzuu.lt
Stasė MOTUZIENĖ. Doctor of social sciences, Assoc. Professor. Department of Informatics, Institute of Fundamental Science Studies,
Lithuanian University of Agriculture. Address: Universiteto g. 10, Akademija, LT-53361 Kauno distr. Telephone: (+370 37) 75 23 94,
el. paštas smotuziene@one.lt

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SOCIAL SCIENCES

The Attitude of Social Workers’ at Kaunas Regional Municipality to their Prospects of Rendering
Assistance to Adolescents from Incomplete Families

Rasa Merkienė, Dalia Perkumienė, Stasė Navasaitienė, Pranas Markevičius

The number of incomplete families is rapidly increasing in Lithuania. Incomplete families appear when one of the
spouses dies or, in case of divorce, withdraws from a family. Another type of incomplete family is a single mother.
Children from incomplete families often fall into a high – risk group and become drug addicts, alcoholics moreover,
law breakers and criminals. It is evident that it is one of the most painful problems. Considering that with an increasing
number of such families the number of children who experience poverty also increases, the solution to this problem must
be made the principal aim.
A social worker working with adolescents from incomplete families could help teenagers to adapt to society, enhance
their self-esteem and reinforce their social status.
The research data analysis shows the respondents’ point of view.
Teenagers growing in incomplete families often experience the following difficulties: absence of the father or mother,
behavioral problems, poor leaving conditions.
The most meaningful work a social worker does solving adolescents’ from incomplete families problems is an
educational work: educational seminars on self-confidence and self-esteem, precautionary work with teenagers, – the
organization of the drug addiction prevention programs.
Both an individual teenager consulting and the work with his/her family take an important place working with
adolescents.
Cooperating with social workers from other institutions, who defend teenagers’ interests and pay the greatest attention
to their representation.
Social worker, incomplete family, working opportunity, teenager.

Rasa MERKIENĖ. Assistant at the Department of Administration and Rural development, Lithuanian University of Agriculture; Phone.
+370 37 75 22 14, e-mail: rmerkiene@yahoo.com
Dalia PERKUMIENĖ. Lecturer at the Department of Administration and Rural development, Lithuanian University of Agriculture;
Phone. +370 37 75 22 14, e-mail: perkum@one.lt

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Stasė NAVASAITIENĖ. Doctor of Sociology, lecturer at the Department of Administration and Rural development, Lithuanian
University of Agriculture, phone + 8 37 75 22 14, e-mail: stase.navasaitiene@gmail.com
Pranas MARKEVIČIUS. Doctor of Social Sciences, assoc. prof. at Lithuanian University of Agriculture. Address: Universiteto 10, LT-
53361 Akademija, Kauno r. tel: +370 7 752328. E- mail: pranas.markevicius@lzuu.lt

ISSN 1648 – 116X LUA RESEARCH PAPERS. 2007. Nr. 74 (27)

SOCIAL SCIENCES

Tendencies of Sugar Beet Growing and Sugar Production in Lithuania

Stasė Motuzienė, Pranas Markevičius

Lithuania provides itself with sugar from sugar beet grown in the country and processed in the local factories. Only a
very small quantity of sugar necessary for food industry is imported, but not produced in Lithuania. There are enough soils
in the country that are suitable for growing sugar beet, and their fertility can reach up to 50 t/ ha.
Sugar beet is one of the most profitable agricultural plants in the country because of its high buying up prices. The
sugar beet growers’ incomes were 150.2 million Lt in the year 2000, 143.8 million Lt – 2001, 158.6 million Lt – 2002, 134.9
million Lt – 2003, 134.1 million Lt – 2004, and 133.4 million Lt – 2005.
The article focuses on the changes of sugar beet growing and sugar production in the year 1990–2005. The analysis of
Lithuanian and European Union practices of sugar beet growing and sugar production was made. Mathematical models of
indicator changes and their tendencies were analyzed. The data of different seasons was generalized and compared. It was
estimated that for the local consumption and sugar quota in Lithuania it is necessary to cultivate 750-850 thousand tons of
sugar beet per year on 18-19 thousand hectares of land.
Sugar beet growing, sugar production quota, sugar sector.

Stasė MOTUZIENĖ. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Institute of Fundamental Science Studies, Department of
Informatics. Address: Universiteto 10, LT-53361 Akademija, Kauno r. Tel. (8 - 37) 75 23 94, E-mail: Stase.Motuziene@lzuu.lt
Pranas MARKEVIČIUS. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Department of Business Management. Address:
Universiteto 10, LT-53361 Akademija, Kauno r. Tel. (8 - 370) 75 23 28, E-mail: verslas@lzuu.lt

ISSN 1648 – 116X LUA RESEARCH PAPERS. 2007. Nr. 74 (27)

SOCIAL SCIENCES

Marketing Mix Decisions in the Business of Rural Tourism

Renata Petrauskienė

Rural tourism is one of the most extensive alternative farmers’ businesses in Lithuanian village, which makes returns
meeting the needs of holiday makers. Rural tourism is business which involves different activities, concentrated in one
place, simultaneously composes the whole tourism market. Rural tourism distinguishes for its extraordinary connection
with nature. That explains the fact, why the services provided by this business sector have become so popular. Right
marketing system and purposeful support from the EU and country’s government help to promote this sector. As bigger
part of country’s companies in the business of rural tourism base their activities on marketing methods and knowledge that
help successfully change the approach and style of their activities, it allows them be different from the competitors
abandoning less profitable and occupying a new segment of market. However, the deficiency in marketing the business of
rural tourism can be marked as one of the problem groups of unused potential.
The author of the article analyses the theoretical model of marketing mix and its singularity in the business of rural
tourism with reference to the literature analysis evaluates and suggests the marketing mix adapted to the specific model of
rural tourism and estimates the trends of development in this sector.
Rural tourism, marketing mix, communication mix.

Renata PETRAUSKIENE. Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Economics and Management faculty, Department Business
Organization, Ph.D student. Address: Universiteto g. 10, LT – 53361 Akademija, Kaunas dist. E-mail: renata.petrauskiene@yahoo.com

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SOCIAL SCIENCES

Assessment of Financing the System of Lithuanian Compulsory Health Insurance

Astrida Slavickienė, Albina Novošinskienė

The research shows the strengths and weaknesses of Lithuanian Compulsory Health Insurance system, helps to evaluate
the appropriateness of the present model applied to the health insurance system and to decide upon the choice of strategy. The
analysis shows that financial means for Compulsory Health Insurance system are not sufficient, therefore it is recommended
to increase the amount of money for health system until Lithuania reaches the average of financial means for health system in
the EU countries, i.e.5.8 % of GDP. The analysis of revenue and expenses of Lithuanian Health Insurance Fund shows that
the variation of revenue and expenses is influenced by economic, social and demographic factors. The influence of these
factors is combined therefore they may not be treated separately. The change of revenue is mostly influenced by the average
salary, the number of employed people and the amount of payment given for one insured person. Where as expenses are
mostly influenced by morbidity rate and the data of hospitalization. The following ways of improving financing of Lithuanian
Compulsory Health Insurance system are recommended: to allot more state financial means for health insurance, to
strengthen the administration of health insurance payments, to reduce administrative expenses of Compulsory Health
Insurance Fund, to change the system of compensation in medicine, to improve and show the evidence of the usefulness
acquiring new equipment and to reduce the expenses on health while privatizing medical services.
System of compulsory health insurance, financing.

Astrida SLAVICKIENĖ. Vice-dean Economics and Management Faculty, Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Assoc. Prof. at the
department at Accounting and Finance, Doctor of social sciences (economics). Scientific interests: international finance, public finance,
insurance. Address: Department of Accounting and Finance, Universiteto street 10, Akademija, Kaunas, e-mail: astrasl@mail.lt
Albina NOVOŠINSKIENĖ. Assoc. Prof. at the department at Accounting and Finance, Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Doctor of
social sciences (economics). Scientific interests: finance, taxes. Address: Department of Accounting and Finance, Universiteto street 10,
Akademija, Kaunas, e-mail: albina.novošinskiene@lzuu.lt

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TECHNOLOGY SCIENCES

The Investigation of Thermo-Physical Processes in Vertical Statically Stable Foam Flow

Vidmantas Giedraitis, Stasys Šinkūnas, Jonas Gylys

Many modern agricultural technologies focus on the control and destruction of weeds. The most promising method for
the destruction of weeds can be spraying of pesticides in the form of foam. The foam consists of two-phase system. These
two phases are distinguished by different characteristics and it depends on hydrodynamic state of the whole system. The
statically stable cellular foam is one of the existing forms of liquid-gas system, which is generated when liquid and gas
come into contact. Such foam is distinguished by especially large surface interphasic contact and can be applied for
different heat and mass transfer exchange processes. Heat and mass transfer processes of foam flow depend on many
physical and chemical factors and the conditions of the experimental technological process.
In this paper the results of the experiments, which have been carried using the model of the heat exchanger are
presented. This model of the in-line tube bundle consists of five vertical lines of the horizontal tubes with six tubes in each
line. In this model the statically stable cellular foam flow has been used as heat transfer carrier. The heat transfer of in-line
tube bundle side lines to vertical statically stable cellular foam flow has been experimentally investigated. The obtained
results of the investigation and the influence of tube position in the line are presented in this paper.
The experimental results have been generalized by analyzing relationship between Nusselt (Nu) and Reynolds (Re)
numbers taking into account volumetric void fraction of statically stable foam flow
Foam flow, heat transfer, in-line tube bundle.

Vidmantas GIEDRAITIS. Phd student of Department of Thermal and Nuclear Energy Kaunas University of Technology. Address: K.
Donelaičio str. 20, LT-44239 Kaunas. Tel. (8 37) 30 04 35, e-mail: vidmantas.giedraitis@stud.ktu.lt
Stasys ŠINKŪNAS. Prof. habil. doctor of Department of Thermal and Nuclear Energy, Kaunas University of Technology. Address: K.
Donelaičio str. 20, LT-44239 Kaunas. Tel. (8 37) 30 04 35, e-mail: stasys.sinkunas@ktu.lt
Jonas GYLYS. Prof. habil. doctor of Energy Technology Institute, Kaunas University of Technology. Address: K. Donelaičio str. 20-
212 LK, LT-44239 Kaunas. Tel. (837) 30 04 44, e-mail: jonas.gylys@ktu.lt

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TECHNOLOGY SCIENCES

Historic Gardens of Former Manor Residencies: Development, Present State and Prospects

Indrė Gražulevičiūtė - Vileniškė

Historic parks of manor residencies are the significant part of Lithuanian cultural heritage as well as the integral part
of the manorial heritage of the country. Manor residencies with surrounding historic parks can be found in the territories of
many Lithuanian towns and village settlements or at least in their vicinity. Nowadays more and more attention is devoted
to the creation and implementation of strategies of sustainable development, to the quality of life and development of
sustainable communities. The inevitable phenomenon of economical globalization makes every community not only to
develop and maintain the economic competitiveness and vitality but also to sustain its individuality and identity. The
crucial role of cultural heritage striving for sustainable economic development, cultural vitality, maintaining local identity
and improving quality of life is widely acknowledged. Considering these circumstances, every community needs to
identify and to use properly its cultural resources. Manor residencies with surrounding historic parks are such resources
too. This category of Lithuanian cultural heritage, considering its cultural value and dispersion, has a great potential to
become an incentive for sustainable cultural and economical development. Sixteen years have passed from the
reestablishment of Lithuanian independence, though the state of many manor residencies and surrounding parks is poor
and still retrogressing. Many difficulties arise solving the problems of protection of historic parks of manor residencies:
the attention of governmental institutions is insufficient, legal basis is inappropriate, and society is insensitive because of
scarce information. Short historical review of Lithuanian manors and parks of manor residencies is presented in the paper
in order to reveal their individuality and the reasons of problems of their preservation that we encounter nowadays. The
present state of manor residencies and surrounding parks, preservation problems, aspects of individuality and
distinctiveness of Lithuanian parks of manor residencies in national and international context, prospects and preservation
guidelines are discussed in the paper.
Cultural heritage, manor residence, park, garden.

Indrė GRAŽULEVIČIŪTĖ - VILENIŠKĖ. PhD student at Kaunas University of Technology at the Department of Architecture and
Civil Engineering. Address: Kaunas University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture and Civil engineering, Department of
Architecture and Land Management, Studentų g. 48, Kaunas 51367, Lithuania, Tel. (8 600) 33 496, e-mail:
grazuleviciute@yahoo.co.uk.