MECHANICAL PART
No Definition Function
Supports for shafts, providing
stability, and free and smooth
rotation.
1 Bearing Ex: Supporting requirement of
machine tool spindles, engine
crankshafts, transmission or line
shafts in workshops, etc.
Join/ connect two shafts in such a
way that when both the shafts rotate,
they act as one unit and transmit
power from one shaft to the other.
Shafts to be connected or coupled
may have collinear axes, intersecting
2 Shalf Coupling axes or parallel axes at a small
distance. Based on the requirements,
the shaft couplings are classified as:
(i) rigid couplings, (ii) flexible
couplings, (iii) loose or dis-engaging
couplings and (iv) non-aligned
couplings.
Classification Remark
- Sliding contact bearings (ổ đỡ trượt) :
Rotating shaft has a sliding contact with the
bearing, the friction is relatively high, require more
lubrication.
+ Journal bearings: When the load on a bearing
is perpendicular (normal) to the shaft axis, term
‘journal’, refers to part of shaft contact with
bearing
+ Thrust bearings: Support shafts subjected to
axial loads. Classified into: pivot or foot-step
bearings and collar bearings.
'- Rolling contact bearings (Ổ lăn) : rolling
friction is present. As rolling friction is very much
less than sliding friction, also antifriction
bearings.Consists of four parts: inner race, outer
race, balls or rollers and a cage or retainer.The
inner race is fitted tight into the stationary housing.
The mounting of a shaft with a ball bearing. The
arrangement also illustrates the method used to
prevent the axial movement of the bearing.
+ Radial bearings: Resist normal (radial) loads
acting on the shafts. These bearings are sub-
divided on the basis of the shape of the rolling
elements used, viz., ball bearings (ổ bi cầu), roller
bearings (ổ đũa) and taper roller bearings (ổ bi
côn).
+ Thrust bearings: Support shafts subjected to
axial loads. In general,balls as rolling elements
are used in these bearings and rollers only in
special cases.
- Rigid shaft couplings: Connecting shafts
having collinear axes. Classified into muff or
sleeve couplings and flanged couplings.
- Flexible couplings: Perfect alignment of two
shafts is impossible to achieve and difficult to
maintain, because of inevitable bearing wear and
other reasons. To overcome the trouble, flexible
couplings are employed. These permit relative
rotation or variation in the alignment of shaft axes
within certain limits.
- Disengaging couplings: Power transmission
from one shaft to another is intermittent. With this,
the shafts can be engaged or disengaged as and
when required, even during rotation. A dis-
engaging coupling in general consists of one part
firmly fixed to the driving shaft and another one
mounted with provision for sliding over the driven
shaft. The part that is mounted on the driven shaft,
can be made to slide at will to engage or
disengage from the rotating driving shaft. The
following are the examples of dis-engaging
couplings.
- Non-aligned couplings: Transmit power
between two shafts which are not coaxial. The
following are the examples of non-aligned
couplings:
 Materials used to control or stop
leakage of fluids (liquids and/or
gases) or of solid dry products
through mechanical clearances when
PACKINGS,
3 the contained material is under
GASKETS, AND SEALS
pressure or vacuum. The mechanical
clearances to be sealed may be
between either fixed or moving
components.

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