Lab 5

Classes

Objectives

The C++ programming skills that should be acquired in this lab:

 

 To learn how to define a class, members of class, member access specifier.

 To learn how to declare object of class.
 To learn how to call member functions of a class.
Class
The building block of C++ that leads to Object Oriented programming is a Class. It is
a user defined data type, which holds its own data members and member functions,
which can be accessed and used by creating an instance of that class. A class is like
a blueprint for an object.

For Example: Consider the Class of Cars. There may be many cars with different
names and brand but all of them will share some common properties like all of them
will have 4 wheels, Speed Limit, Mileage range etc. So here, Car is the class and
wheels, speed limits, mileage are their properties.

 A Class is a user defined data-type which has data members and member
functions.
 Data members are the data variables and member functions are the functions
used to manipulate these variables and together these data members and
member functions defines the properties and behavior of the objects in a Class.
 In the above example of class Car, the data member will be speed
limit, mileage etc and member functions can be apply brakes, increase
speed etc.

An Object is an instance of a Class. When a class is defined, no memory is

allocated but when it is instantiated (i.e. an object is created) memory is allocated.

A class is defined in C++ using keyword class followed by the name of class. The
body of class is defined inside the curly brackets and terminated by a semicolon at
the end.
Declaring Objects: When a class is defined, only the specification for the object is
defined; no memory or storage is allocated. To use the data and access functions
defined in the class, you need to create objects.

Syntax:

ClassName ObjectName;

Accessing data members and member functions

The data members and member functions of class can be accessed using the dot(‘.’)
operator with the object. For example if the name of object is obj and you want to
access the member function with the name printName() then you will have to
write obj.printName() 
.
Accessing Data Members

The public data members are also accessed in the same way given however the
private data members are not allowed to be accessed directly by the object.
Accessing a data member depends solely on the access control of that data
member.
This access control is given by Access modifiers in C++. There are three access
modifiers : public, private and protected.
 
Lab Task

1. Create a class named Student. It contains two private members name, marks.
Create a constructor that initializes the data; name to an empty String and
marks as zero. Create two functions input() and display(). Input() takes value
from user and display() displays the values of name and marks.

2. Create a class Counter with an integer data member. Write one method to get
value of counter, one to increment counter, one to decrement the counter and
one to reset counter to zero. Make sure that value of counter never gets less
than zero.do we need to create a constructor in this class?
3. Create a class Distance contains two data items, feet and inches.The class
Distance also has three member functions: setdist(), which uses arguments to
set feet and inches; getdist(), which gets values for feet and inches from the
user at the keyboard; and showdist(), which displays the distance in feet-and-
inches format.
4. The value of an object of class Distance can thus be set in either of two ways.
In main(),define two objects of class Distance. The first is given a value using
the setdist() member function with the arguments and the second is given a
value that is supplied by the user. Then display the two distances.
Write a program by using class emp to input record of employees.

Define the following data members:

a. Name, basic pay, house rent, medical allowance, Gross pay.
b. Set name ,basic pay, house rent medical allowance and gross pay as
private.
c. Define the following member functions:
d. To input data of name & basic pay in function
e. To calculate h_rent,ma,gpay.
f. To print the complete record on the computer screen
Where
h_rent= house rent=60% of bpay
ma=medical allowance=20% of bpay
gpay=bpay+h_rent+ma