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B
V
t
E dl t ds
C SC
B
E
t
Show that Ampère’s law of magnetostatics does not hold for time-
varying EM fields (i.e., it is inconsistent with the conservation of
charge). ?
H J J
t
Show that Ampère’s law with Maxwell’s correction observes the
conservation of charge for time-varying fields.
Nikolova 2012 LECTURE 02: MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS: REVIEW 3
All Four Time-domain Maxwell’s Equations
D D
Ampère’s Law H dl J t ds H
t
E
J
i
C SC J
Gauss’ Law of
Electricity
D ds v dv Qfree
D v
S VS
Gauss’ Law of
Magnetism
B ds 0
B 0
S
Gauss laws follow from the conservation of charge and the curl MEs
Nikolova 2012 LECTURE 02: MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS: REVIEW 4
Time-domain Maxwell’s Equations and Charge Conservation
yˆ E y ( x, y, z )e
j y ( x , y , z )
yE y ( x, y, z )
zˆ Ez ( x, y, z )e j z ( x , y , z ) zˆ E z ( x, y, z )
H j j tan E J i
d Im
tan
Re
d,eff
1 j tan d
effective conductivity: eff Im eff
or tan d,eff
Nikolova 2012 L
ECTURE02: M ' E
AXWELL S :R
QUATIONS EVIEW 15
Symmetric Maxwell Equations: Fictitious Magnetic Sources
j B
E E jB Mi
H j D J i H j D J i
D v D e
B 0 B
m
E jB Mi
H j D J i
D e
B m
l3
E(2) h an 2
(1) l2
tan1
l4 a tan11
En(1)
E M tan 2
(1) tan1
E C l1
left side: right side:
B
lim E dl ( Etan1 Etan1 )w
(2) (1)
lim ds 0
h 0
C
h 0
SC
t
lim
h 0 M ds lim
h 0
Mtan2
h w M s ,tan2 w
SC M s ,tan2
Etan1
(2)
Etan1
(1)
M s ,tan 2
Nikolova 2012 LECTURE 02: MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS: REVIEW 19
Generalized Tangential E-field BC: Surface Magnetic Currents (2)
En(2) E(2)
w
l3
E(2) an 2
(1) l2 M
tan 2
l4 h a tan 21
En(1) E
(1) tan 2
tan1
E C l1
left side:
d E E tan2 ) w
(1) (2)
lim E l ( tan2
h 0
C
right side:
lim
h 0 M ds lim
h 0
M
tan1h w M s ,tan1w
SC M s ,tan1
Etan2
(1)
Etan2
(2)
M s ,tan1
Etan1
(2)
Etan1
(1)
M s ,tan 2
an ( E(2) E(1) ) M s
(1)
Etan2 Etan2
(2)
M s ,tan1
a n (E(2) E(1) ) 0
S
D ds e dv
VS
Dn(2) lx
an
2 ly ds h
S D ds
(2)
lim A lx l y Dtan
h 0
( Dn(2) Dn(1) ) A an a tan 2 S D(1)
tan
a tan1 ds
Dn(1)
h 0 V
lim e dv
S 1
lim e h A e, s A
h 0
e , s
• use the analogy (duality) of the electric and magnetic Gauss laws
D ds e dv
B ds m dv
S VS S VS
( E(2) E(1) ) an M s
an ( H(2) H(1) ) J s
Dn(2) Dn(1) e,s
Bn(2) Bn(1) m ,s
Special Cases:
(a) dielectric interface (b) PEC (electric wall)
a n E(2) a n E(1) E an 0
a n H (2) a n H (1) an H J s
a n D(2) a n D(1) a n D e,s
a n B (2) a n B (1) an B 0