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Incident wave:
i ( xˆ cos i zˆ sin i ) E i e 1 ( x sin i z cos i )
E || ||0
E ||0i
i yˆ
H e 1 ( x sin i z cos i )
||
1
Reflected wave: Transmitted wave:
r ( xˆ cos r zˆ sin r )
E t ( xˆ cos t zˆ sin t )
E
|| ||
|| E ||0i e 1 ( x sin r z cos r ) T|| E ||0i e 2 ( x sin t z cos t )
E||r reflection coefficient E||t transmission coefficient
xˆ r yˆ r
r
E r
H
xˆ t
t
E
xˆ r xˆ sin r zˆ cos r
yˆ r xˆ cos r zˆ sin r r t H t
xˆ i xˆ sin i zˆ cos i y z
yˆ i xˆ cosi zˆ sin i
i yˆ t
xˆ i xˆ t xˆ sin t zˆ cos t
Ei yˆ t xˆ cos t zˆ sin t
H i yˆ
i
( 1 , 1 ) ( 2 , 2 )
Nikolova 2012 LECTURE 05: PLANE WAVE REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION 5
Oblique Incidence – s Polarization (Review) (2)
Incident wave:
E i yˆ E i e 1 ( x sin i z cos i )
0
i ( xˆ cos i zˆ sin i ) E i 0
H e 1 ( x sin i z cos i )
1
Reflected wave: Transmitted wave:
r yˆ E i e 1 ( x sin r z cos r )
E t yˆ T E i e 2 ( x sin t z cos t )
0 E 0
E r 0 reflection coefficient E t 0 transmission coefficient
r ( xˆ cos r zˆ sin r )
H t ( xˆ cos t zˆ sin t )
H
E i 0 1 ( x sin r z cos r ) T E i 0 2 ( x sin t z cos t )
e e
1 2
r i
sin t 1 11 n1
sin i 2 2 2 n2
tan Z s ( H
E tan zˆ ) note: in medium 1, these are total
z 0 (incident + reflected) field values
E ||(1)
x 0 total E ||(2) /
H (2)
x0 ||y 0
2
E ||0i (1 || ) cos i 1 || 1
Z s|| i 1 cos i
2 c os t 2 1 sin 2
i
( E||0 /1 )(1|| ) 1|| 2
H ||(1)
y 0 total
E (1)y 0 total E (2)y 0 / H (2)x 0
E i 0 (1 ) 1 1 2 2
Z s i =
( E 0 /1 )(1 ) cos i cos i 1 cos t 2
1
1 sin 2 i
H (1)x 0 total 2
full transmission occurs when the two media have the same
constitutive parameters (no reflected wave)
1 2 and t r i 0, T 1
• there is no reflected wave
• the field in medium 1 is simply the traveling incident wave
• the field in medium 2 is the same traveling wave
Can total transmission happen if the 2 media are different? Explain.
full reflection occurs when
• medium 2 is a PEC (short circuit)
• medium 2 is a PMC (open circuit)
• total internal reflection at a dielectric interface
• the reflected wave is as strong as the incident one
• there is no field in medium 2
Nikolova 2012 LECTURE 05: PLANE WAVE REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION 13
Full Reflection
• full reflection at PEC
the conducting medium “shorts out” medium 1 by forcing a
zero tangential E-field component (voltage between any 2
points on interface is 0); tangential H-field is doubled
Prove that Γ = −1 and T = 0 if σ2 → ∞.
1
E (0) 0
1 or H 1
H (0) 2 H i (0)
position
Nikolova 2012 LECTURE 05: PLANE WAVE REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION 18
Standing Wave – Animation
standing H-field plane wave has a maximum at the shorted end (the
E-field wave looks exactly the same only shifted by a quarter
wavelength)
/2
http://wn.com/standing_wave_envelope
Nikolova 2012 LECTURE 05: PLANE WAVE REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION 20
Locations of the Envelope Minima/Maxima
• maxima occur where the standing wave and the traveling wave
interfere constructively
• minima occur where the standing wave and the traveling wave
interfere destructively
• maxima are (1 + |Γ|) times the magnitude of the incident wave
• minima are (1 − |Γ|) times the magnitude of the incident wave
E ( z ) E i (0)e jk1z E i (0)e jk1z , | | e j
| E ( z ) | E ( z ) E ( z ) | E i (0) | 1 | |2 2 | | cos(2k1 z )
envelope
Emax
Emin
0.5
Emax
SWR 3
Emin