PHYSICS EXPERIMENT REPORT (I)

Basic Physics

“Oscillation Mathematics”

Arranged by:

Name : Irwandi Waitina

NIM : 19101101019

Department : Chemistry

Group : I (One)

Tesalonika Karepouwan
(17101101018)

PHYSICS LABORATORY
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE
SAM RATULANGI UNIVERSITY
MANADO
2019
A. Aim
a. To find the gravitation acceleration at sam ratulangi university
b. To find the relation between harmonic vibration and gravitation acceleration
c. To find the maksimum velocity of oscillation
d. Students can apply and interpret to the graphic
B. Equipment Required
- Ruller
- Rope
- Pendulum
- Stative
- Digital Counter or Stopwatch
C. Introduction

The oscillation motion that we often encounter is swing. This oscillation

motion takes place under the influence of the earth's gravitational force. If the swing
deviation is not too large, the oscillation is a simple harmonic motion. This simple
harmonic motion occurs because there is a force (gravity) that occurs in objects whose
direction is always directed towards the center of the equilibrium point.

Gravity is a force of attraction that occurs between all particles that have mass
in the universe. Modern physics describes gravity using Einstein's Theory of General
Relativity, but Newton's simpler universal law of gravity is a pretty accurate
approximation in most cases. For example, the earth which has a very large mass
produces a very large gravitational force to attract objects around it, including living
things, and objects that exist on earth. This gravitational force also attracts objects in
outer space, such as the moon, meteors, and other celestial bodies, including man-
made satellites.

The magnitude of the inverting force is expressed in Hooke's Law as F = - kx

where k is the constant.

If a point with mass m is hung (by a massless rope) at point O, and mass m is
deviated so that it forms an angle  to the vertical axis at that point O. After releasing
m, it will move towards its equilibrium point by the back force F which is a
component of the gravity on m. If the length of the rope is l, and the acceleration due
to gravity of the earth g then F can be written as:

 
 F = - mg sin θ (1.1)

If the path is small so that the arc of the ball (S) is also small, then sin θ ≅ θ =

s
and the turning force can be written as :
l

−mg
F= S (1.2)
l

For the swing to be a simple harmonized vibration, there is no (if any can be
ignored) air friction or twisting force on the rope so that the resultant force equation is:

d2 F g
= S (1.3)
dt2 l

Equation (6.3) is a simple harmonized vibration equation and S is a periodic

function with a period T that satisfies the equation::

l
T =2 π
√ g
(1.4)

4 π 2l
g= (1.5)
T2
 Figure 6.1. Force diagram in a mathematical pendulum experiment

To determine the linear velocity of the swing, it can be derived from the Law
of Conservation of Energy as follows:

Mechanical energy at point O = Mechanical energy at point 1

1 1
m h0 +¿ m v 02=mg h1 +¿ m v 12 (1.6)
2 2

1 1
m h0−¿ mg h1 ¿ m v 12 −¿ m v 02 (1.7)
2 2

1
g ∆ h= v 12 (1.8)
2

v1 =¿ √ 2 g ∆ h (1.9)

with, v1 = linear velocity at point 1 (highest)

        h = difference in height of points O and 1
D. Procedure

1
0 mg sin mg cos

mg

1. Arrange the experiment tool as shown (6.1).

2. Set the length of the rope to the base of the ball is 120 cm, 110 cm, 100
cm, ... .., or according to the instructions of the lecturer / assistant.
3. Round the swing so that it forms an angle of approximately 5° to 10°, then
release.
4. Measure the time for 15 swings for each length of rope.
5. Do 3 repetitions for each length of the rope
E. Result
(Dilampirkan)
 F. Analysis

Suatu metode pengukuran yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui gravitasi

yang terjadi di tempat kita berada dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan bandul
yang biasa kita kenal dalam pembelajaran fisika adalah bandul matematis. Dari
percobaan yang kami lakukan dilaboratorium Fisika Dasar Universitas Sam
Ratulangi Manado dapat kita ketahui besar gravitasi di tempat tersebut yaitu
dengan menggunakan metode regresi. Dari hasil percobaan didapatkan suatu
nilai gravitasi yang berbeda-beda yang disebabkan oleh metode pengambilan
data yang dilakukan dengan mengganti panjang tali dan tampa mengganti
panjang tali tersebut. Selisih nilai gravitasi tidak jauh berbeda sehingga grafik
yang diperoleh memiliki nilai korelasi yang sangat bagus sehingga didapatkan
percobaan bandul matematis yang kita lakukan sudah cukup baik untuk
membuktikan nilai gravitasi di laboratorium. Karena ralat yang diproleh dapat
dikatakan cukup baik karena nilai ralat yang diproleh tidak terlalu besar.
Penentuan gravitasi melalui pengamatan yang dilakukan pada bandul
matematis sangat berpengaruh terhadap ketelitian pengamat sehingga nilai
ralatnya tidak terlalu jauh menyimpang dengan teoriyang selama ini kita
kenal.Sudutsimpangan sangat berpengaruh terhadap ayunan yang kita lakukan
sebab jika sudut simpangannya besar maka jumlah waktu ayunan yang diperoleh
kecil sehingga gravitasi lebih kecil.

G. Conclusion
 Gerak hermonik sederhana yaitu gerak bolak balik benda melalui
suatu titik keseimbangan tertentu ini berhubungan dengan gerak
hermonik pada bandul dapat dijdikan acuan untuk mengukur
besarnya gravitasi
 Kecepatan maksimum ayunan dapat diperoleh dari pengamatan
yaitu semakin pendek tali digunakan semakin cepat ayunan yang
terjadi , begitu pula sebaliknya
 Dari hasil pengamatan yang diperoleh percepatan 9 m/¿s ¿ sampai 10
m/¿s ¿ sebagai besarnya gravitasi di Unsrat
 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Ayunan Sederhana .Jakarta:Depdiknas
Anonim.2007. Ensiklopedia Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (Fisika). Semarang:Aneka Ilmu.