ch.9 Test Bank

The Cultural Landscape, 11e (Rubenstein)
Chapter 9 Development
1) Which is the least developed region among the following?

A) North America
B) Eastern Europe
C) Southwest Asia
D) Western and Central Europe
E) East Asia
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.1 A Decent Standard of Living
Learning Outcome: 9. 1: Identify the HDI standard of living factor.
2) The total value of the output of goods and services in a year in a country is its
A) gross national income.
B) primary economic sector.
C) productivity index.
D) value added.
E) gross domestic product.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
Learning Outcome: 9.22: Explain problems with financing development in developing
countries.
3) Gross domestic product (GDP) is the

A) total value of the outputs minus inputs of goods and services produced in a country during a
year.
B) total value of exports of goods and services produced in a country during a year.
C) total value of outputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year.
D) total value of human capital development in a country during a year.
E) total value of investments made in domestic and foreign sources of revenue during a year.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Geog. Standard: 11
1
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
4) An example of a primary sector activity is
A) education.
B) manufacturing.
C) banking.
D) retailing.
E) mining.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
5) Processing of computer information is an example of which sector of the economy?

A) sixth percentile
B) primary and secondary
C) primary
D) tertiary
E) the data sector
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
6) The secondary sector of the economy includes which of the following?

A) data processing
B) mining
C) government
D) construction
E) banking
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
2
7) In MDCs, employment is increasing more rapidly in which of the following sectors?
A) farming
B) primary
C) secondary
D) tertiary
E) fishing
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
8) The primary sector of the economy includes which of the following?

A) data processing
B) beverage bottling
C) government
D) sheep herding
E) banking
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
9) The value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy is
A) gross domestic product.
B) productivity.
C) tertiary sector analysis.
D) market value.
E) value added.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
3
10) ________ is an example of a secondary sector activity.
A) Banking
B) Farming
C) Manufacturing
D) Secondary education
E) Professional football
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
11) In less developed countries, consumer goods such as telephones, televisions, and motor
vehicles are
A) available for sharing by a large number of people.
B) unknown and unfamiliar to most people.
C) essential to rural life.
D) familiar to many but owned by relatively few.
E) available only through local manufacture.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
Learning Outcome: 9.23: Explain problems with financing development in developed countries.
12) Examples of material conditions include

A) drinking water and sewage systems.
B) systems of thought.
C) religious institutions.
D) division of jobs into different sectors.
E) political institutions.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
4
13) A country that has a higher level of development exhibits a(n)
A) improvement in material conditions.
B) growth of the output of goods and services.
C) improvement of a product compared to the needed labor.
D) division of jobs into different sectors.
E) growth of political institutions.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
14) Per capita GDP is a poor indicator of which of the following?

A) the approximate level of material well being in a country
B) the number of countries below the poverty level
C) the distribution of wealth within a country
D) the spatial distribution of global wealth
E) potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
Learning Outcome: 9.25: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed or
stayed wide.
15) Per capita GDP is a good indicator of which of the following?

A) the approximate level of spiritual well being in a country
B) the number of countries below sea level
C) the distribution of wealth within a country
D) the political dimensions of a population
E) potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application
Geog. Standard: 11
stayed wide.
5
16) Which of the following is an indicator of a country's level of development?
A) the number of millionaires
B) the number of newspapers
C) crude death rate
D) natural death rate
E) natural increase rate
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.2 A Long and Healthy Life
Learning Outcome: 9. 2: Identify the HDI health factor.
17) The inequality-adjusted human development index of the United States is

A) inferior to that of Canada and most Western European countries.
B) greater than any other country in the world.
C) inferior to that of Canada but superior to most Western European countries.
D) greater than Canada because a higher percentage of people in the United States have quality
health care.
E) inferior to Western European countries but far superior to Canada.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 10
18) The IHDI of Latin American countries is

A) inferior to that of Canada and most Western European countries.
B) greater than the United States but less than Canada.
C) inferior to that of Canada but superior to most Western European countries.
D) greater than that of Canada and twice as great as that of the United States.
E) inferior to Western European countries and far superior to Canada.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 10
6
19) Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have higher rates of
A) literacy.
B) childhood mortality.
C) infectious disease.
D) illiteracy.
E) environmental pollution.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.3 Access to Knowledge
Learning Outcome: 9. 3: Identify the HDI access to knowledge factor.
20) People are more productive in more developed countries because they
A) work harder.
B) have access to more technology.
C) have a low amount of value added per person.
D) are consistently better educated.
E) understand their jobs better than workers in less developed countries.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis
Geog. Standard: 11
countries.
21) Even though a higher percentage of GDP is spent on education in less developed countries,
A) more women than men have access to education in LDCs.
B) LDCs spend less per pupil than MDCs.
C) LDCs have smaller average class sizes than MDCs.
D) literacy rates are higher in urban areas of LDCs than in many MDCs.
E) levels of educational attainment are higher in LDCs.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 10
7
22) If a country has a large number of publishers and globally esteemed universities, you might
surmise that the country is most likely
A) neither an LDC nor an MDC.
B) an MDC.
C) an LDC.
D) an LDC that has some of the world's top universities.
E) an MDC that has some of the world's lowest literacy rates.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 10
23) Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have lower
A) percentages of GDP spent on education.
B) literacy rates.
C) numbers of teachers available per pupil.
D) numbers of years attending school.
E) amounts of spending per student.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 10
24) The difference in per capita GDP between the more developed and less developed regions is
A) widening.
B) remaining constant.
C) decreasing.
D) zero.
E) cycling up and down.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.4 Gender Inequality Measures
Learning Outcome: 9. 4: Describe the UN's measures of gender inequality.
8
25) The North American region has high rates of material development but troubling levels of
A) wealth.
B) inequality.
C) financial and management services.
D) spiritual development.
E) educational attainment.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 10
stayed wide.
26) The Gender Inequality Index (GII)

A) compares the level of development of women in a country to the average development level
of women in the world.
B) compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country.
C) is composed of the same measures as the HDI but is applied only to women instead of the
entire population.
D) combines economic and political indicators of empowerment.
E) cannot be used as an indicator of development in the United States.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 10
27) Severe gender inequality is a challenge to development because

A) it leads to smaller family sizes, and families with fewer child laborers cannot earn enough
money to pay for their rent and utilities.
B) it is associated with higher literacy rates, higher economic vitality, and lower infant mortality
rates.
C) it excludes men from the informal economy, wasting a major economic asset.
D) it severely limits the economic and social mobility of women, as well as families that are
headed by women.
E) it does not allow men and boys the freedom to attend the schools and seek the jobs that are
best suited to them.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
Learning Outcome: 9. 5: Describe changes since the 1990s in gender inequality.
Global Sci LO: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
9
28) In terms of the GII, most African countries have
A) rates far below the United States and Western Europe.
B) rates that exceed the United States and Western Europe owing to African investment in
centers of higher learning.
C) rates that are greater than the United States but less than Europe.
D) core-periphery models.
E) weak national economies.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 10
29) Since 1990, most countries have seen a decline in previous patterns of
A) gender inequality.
B) gender equality.
C) economic inequality.
D) gender dynamics.
E) innovative agricultural methods.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 10
Section: 9.5 Gender Inequality Trends
30) Since 1990, most countries have seen an increase in

A) gender equality.
B) gender inequality.
C) gender indices.
D) economic indices.
E) market forces.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 10
10
31) Which of the following is not an indicator of global gender inequality?
A) Women on average have only two-thirds of the income of men in MDCs.
B) Women have much lower incomes than men in LDCs.
C) Female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world.
D) Female literacy is much lower than males in Sub-Saharan Africa.
E) Women hold less than one-fourth of managerial jobs in LDCs where data are available.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 10
32) Gender inequality is a challenge to development because

A) it leads to larger family sizes.
B) it is associated with higher literacy rates and lower infant mortality rates.
C) it excludes all women from both the formal and informal economy.
D) it greatly enhances the economic and social mobility of women.
E) men are responsible for all economic development in impoverished areas.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
33) Although there are fewer developed countries in the world, altogether they consume about
________ energy as LDCs.
A) twice as much total
B) the same amount of total
C) five times as much total
D) half as much nonrenewable energy but five times as much renewable
E) one-tenth as much
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 9.6 Energy Supply and Demand
Learning Outcome: 9. 6: Explain the principal sources of demand for fossil fuels.
11
34) Petroleum reserves in Southwest Asia and North Africa are
A) clustered primarily in the Persian (Arabian) Gulf states.
B) dispersed throughout the region.
C) concentrated primarily along the Mediterranean Sea.
D) primarily in Syria and Iraq.
E) clustered in fields along the western shore of the Red Sea.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 16
Learning Outcome: 9. 6: Explain the principal sources of demand for fossil fuels.
35) Saudi Arabia has successfully employed the international trade alternative primarily because
of
A) consumer spending.
B) petroleum reserves.
C) regional cooperation.
D) traditional social customs.
E) its strategic distribution location.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 16
Learning Outcome: 9.12: Describe the role of OPEC and changes in the price and availability of
petroleum.
12
36) Analysis of the maps in this chapter shows that the United States has natural gas fields in
A) Texas but not Oklahoma.
B) the Gulf of Mexico but not the Midwest.
C) the East but not the West.
D) many different areas.
E) the North but not the South.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 16
Learning Outcome: 9.10a: Analyze the distribution of reserves of fossil fuels.
Global Sci LO: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data
13
37) Analysis of the maps in this chapter shows that the United States has petroleum production
A) sufficient to meet its needs without further imports.
B) that is now completely shut down due to taxation.
C) inferior to nearly every other country.
D) at significant levels but must still import oil from other countries.
E) at levels greater than any other country.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 16
14
38) The maps of U.S. natural gas fields in this chapter show that the United States has
A) few natural gas fields in Texas and Ohio.
B) the greatest concentration of gas fields in Illinois and Wisconsin.
C) a greater concentration of natural gas fields in the north.
D) a high concentration of natural gas fields in the Gulf of Mexico.
E) the lowest number of natural gas fields in Oklahoma and Texas.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 16
15
39) The United States has
A) lesser coal and natural gas reserves than China.
B) greater natural gas reserves than Russian and lesser coal reserves than China.
C) a greater concentration of coal reserves in the Gulf of Mexico.
D) more coal reserves than China or Russia.
E) less coal than any other large country.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 16
40) The Chernobyl incident in 1986 involved

A) a nuclear explosion high in the atmosphere.
B) a nuclear missile that misfired and exploded.
C) a nuclear power accident.
D) a massive leak and fire at an oil exploration platform.
E) an explosion and fire at a natural gas field.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 16
Section: 9.7 Alternative Energy Sources
Learning Outcome: 9.14: Describe the challenges in using nuclear energy.
41) The Chernobyl incident occurred

A) in the United States.
B) in Cuba.
C) in the Soviet Union.
D) in India.
E) in China.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 16
Learning Outcome: 9.14: Describe the challenges in using nuclear energy.
16
42) According to the international trade approach to development, a country should identify all
but which of its following assets?
A) abundant agricultural products
B) high quality manufactured goods
C) imports that it should limit
D) international consumer preferences
E) abundant mineral resources
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.8 Two Paths to Development
Learning Outcome: 9.18: Summarize the international trade model.
43) The biggest problem in promoting development through the international trade alternative is
A) increased demand for many goods.
B) increased price of petroleum.
C) regional cooperation.
D) unequal distribution of resources.
E) consumer demand expanding faster than manufacturing can increase.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
44) The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is to promote

A) balanced growth of all economic sectors.
B) global competitiveness for local industries.
C) the maintenance of a large bureaucracy.
D) unequal distribution of resources.
E) international trade.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
Learning Outcome: 9.17: Summarize the self-sufficiency model.
17
45) In contrast to the international trade approach, the self-sufficiency approach to development
A) begins when an elite group initiates innovative activities.
B) attempts to result in uneven resource development. and market correction indices.
C) suffers from market stagnation.
D) attempts to spread investment through all sectors of the economy.
E) attempts to identify appropriate developmental stages.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
Learning Outcome: 9.21: Identify the main sources of financing development.
46) Traditional barriers to international trade have included

A) low taxes on imports.
B) making domestic goods more expensive.
C) eliminating quotas on imports.
D) requiring licenses for importers.
E) strong domestic and international demand.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 9.9 Financing Development
Learning Outcome: 9.21: Identify the main sources of financing development.
47) The biggest problem faced by less developed countries in financing development is
A) trade negotiations with more developed countries.
B) identifying unique economic assets.
C) inability to repay loans.
D) promoting dependency.
E) currency inflation.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
countries.
18
48) What do critics charge are some effects of Structural Adjustment Programs for refinancing
loans to LDCs?
A) more efficient civil service
B) diverting investment from weapons and training for the military to social needs such as health
and education
C) investment benefiting the poor, not just the elite
D) more dissemination of information to the public
E) workers in state enterprises losing their jobs and support for dependent citizens being cut
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
countries.
49) All of the following are considered more developed regions except
A) Southwest Asia and North Africa.
B) North America.
C) Australia and New Zealand.
D) Europe.
E) Western Europe.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
Section: 910a Making Progress in Development
stayed wide.
50) The major economic asset of the Russian region is

A) Asia's greatest levels of agricultural productivity.
B) the development of tertiary industries.
C) the production of consumer goods.
D) its oil reserves.
E) diversified industrial manufacturing.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
Learning Outcome: 9. 8: Describe the distribution of the production of petroleum.
19
51) Southwest Asia and North Africa may become more developed primarily because of what
characteristic?
A) abundant petroleum reserves
B) desert climate
C) Islamic religious principles
D) democratic reforms
E) dictatorships
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 16
Learning Outcome: 9. 8: Describe the distribution of the production of petroleum.
52) Population density was traditionally low in North Africa because of

A) its wet climate.
B) its dry climate.
C) Dutch colonial activity.
D) its high arithmetic density.
E) its low fertility rates.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 15
Learning Outcome: 9.19: Analyze shortcomings of the self-sufficiency model.
53) Examining the sub-national variation in development for many countries, such as Brazil,
China, or Mexico, reveals
A) development can be attributed only to outside forces.
B) cities are relatively underdeveloped compared to the agricultural lands.
C) wealth is concentrated in the cooler, mountainous regions.
D) almost no variations in wealth and development exist between different subnational regions.
E) substantial variations in development exist at subnational scales.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
stayed wide.
20
54) According to Rostow's development model, the process of development begins when
A) a high percentage of national wealth is allocated to nonproductive activities.
B) an elite group initiates innovative activities.
C) take-off industries achieve technical advances.
D) workers become more skilled and specialized.
E) banking institutions are sufficiently mature.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
stayed wide.
55) If the per capita GDP in a given country is about $1,500, this indicates that it is a
A) petroleum exporting state.
B) less developed country.
C) more developed country.
D) country with a high gross domestic product.
E) country with evenly distributed wealth.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
56) Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A) The higher the GDP of a country, the more equal its income distribution.
B) The primary sector accounts for a larger share of GDP for LDCs than MDCs.
C) Workers in MDCs are more productive than those in LDCs.
D) The HDI is a function of economics, social, and demographic indicators.
E) Women participate in formal and informal economies even in LDCs with high levels of
gender inequality.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
stayed wide.
21
57) The large percentage of population involved in agriculture in China indicates that
A) the country imports most of its food.
B) few people are unemployed.
C) most people consume an inadequate amount of calories.
D) most people must produce food for their own survival.
E) factory production cannot expand.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
58) The highest levels of development within Latin America are generally found in
A) Central America.
B) the Caribbean islands.
C) the interior of South America.
D) southern South America.
E) the countries on the Caribbean coast of South America.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
stayed wide.
59) Sub-Saharan Africa has seen some development because of

A) the colonial legacy, which has benefited every country in the region.
B) poor leadership.
C) the capacity of land to produce food.
D) investment in the infrastructure of port cities, despite ignoring infrastructure in many other
areas.
E) overworked agricultural land and declining output.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
stayed wide.
22
60) Development prospects are limited in some North African countries because of
A) the lack of colonization and trade with Europe.
B) poor leadership.
C) the great amount of petroleum controlled by OPEC.
D) their limited reserves of petroleum.
E) overworked agricultural land and declining output.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 16
Learning Outcome: 9.12: Describe the role of OPEC and changes in the price and availability of
petroleum.
61) Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Fair Trade movement?
A) Standards intending to protect workers are instituted in LDCs.
B) Fair Trade coffee has become available in most North American cities.
C) Cooperatives intend to benefit local farmers and artisans, rather than absentee corporate
owners.
D) Employers must pay fair wages and comply with environmental and safety standards.
E) Protection of workers' rights is already a high priority for multinational corporations.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
Learning Outcome: 9.24: Explain the principles of fair trade.
62) GDP per capita is the only economic indicator that can reliably determine the level of
development for a country.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
63) The share of GDP in the secondary sector is now larger in LDCs than MDCs.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
stayed wide.
23
64) Gross domestic product (GDP) measures the distribution of wealth in a country.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
65) Development is a completely understood process involving concrete yet difficult steps.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
66) Less developed countries can be distinguished from more developed countries according to
social and demographic characteristics, as well as economic ones.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
67) GDP per capita is a more meaningful measure of development than gross domestic product
alone.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
68) Raising the GDP of a country means an automatically higher standard of living for workers.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
stayed wide.
24
69) The three large relatively developed regions in the world are North America, Western
Europe, and Eastern Europe.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
70) One element of development in Southwest Asia & North Africa has been the loss of
distinctive cultural characteristics.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 10
71) Gender inequality exists in every country of the world.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 10
72) Developing countries are increasingly pursuing the international trade approach to
development.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
Learning Outcome: 9.20a: Analyze shortcomings of the international trade model and give
reasons why international trade has triumphed.
73) India and China are examples of countries which had pursued the self-sufficiency alternative
to development.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
Learning Outcome: 9.17: Summarize the self-sufficiency model.
25
74) One advantage of a large percentage of labor force in agriculture is the ability to generate a
surplus of food for export.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
countries.
75) Southwest Asia & North Africa and Latin America are the less developed regions with the
most favorable balance between population and resources.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
stayed wide.
76) Many countries are clustered at the median of the development continuum.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
stayed wide.
77) The availability of energy and other resources is linked to the level of development.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Geog. Standard: 11
stayed wide.
26
78) Name and define two of the social indicators of a country's level of development.
Answer: Answers may refer to any 2 of the following: literacy rate; teacher-pupil ratio; years
attended school; calories per capita; proteins per capita; provision of health services; level of
social security.
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
79) A ________ developed country is likely to have a lower infant mortality rate.
Answer: more
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
80) Explain why the crude death rate is not an indicator of the level of a country's development.
Answer: Answers will vary. The crude death rate can rise in a more developed country if there
are many elderly, and it might be lower in less developed countries that have a high percentage
of youth (who are less likely to die from natural causes).
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Synthesis
Geog. Standard: 11
81) What is the principal difference between less developed and more developed countries with
regard to the percentages of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector workers?
Answer: A less developed country has a higher percentage of primary sector workers; a more
developed country has higher percentages of secondary and tertiary sector workers.
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
stayed wide.
27
82) Why is the percentage of a country's labor force engaged in agriculture an important
indicator of the level of development?
Answer: Lower percentage in agriculture means more people are free to work in productive
industries and services.
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
stayed wide.
83) Name and define two of the economic indicators that typically describe a country's level of
development.
Answer: Answers may refer to any 2 of the following: GDP or GDI per capita; the percentage of
primary, secondary, or tertiary sector workers; productivity; access to raw materials; or the
production of consumer goods.
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
stayed wide.
84) Is a more developed country likely to have a higher or lower level of GDP per capita?
Answer: higher
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
85) Is a less developed country likely to have higher or lower levels of illiteracy and people
engaged in agriculture?
Answer: higher
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
countries.
28
86) Is a more developed country likely to have higher or lower percentages of telephones per
capita?
Answer: higher
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
87) What is the Gender Inequality Index (GII)?

Answer: Varies
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 10
Global Sci LO: 8. Communicate effectively in writing
88) Imagine that you live in a country with large reserves of fossil fuels but few other natural
resources. To what extent would development be a continuum or a bipolar distribution for your
(imaginary) country? Why? (Attempt to account for a future reduction in fossil fuels.)
Answer: Varies, but students should attempt to describe changing conditions in the future.
Diff: 3
Geog. Standard: 16
89) Determine which are the main sources of electricity that your local community currently uses
(e.g., coal-fired, hydroelectric, nuclear?), and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of those
types of electrical generation.
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluation
Geog. Standard: 16
Learning Outcome: 9.15: Identify challenges to increasing the use of alternative energy sources.
29
90) Assess which two alternative sources of electricity would be most economically and
politically viable for your local community, and propose a plan for making these the main
sources of electricity in your area. Discuss where and why you would install these alternative
sources of energy.
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Geog. Standard: 16
91) Imagine that your city's (or town's) leaders have decided that alternative power sources
should replace fossil fuels and nuclear power in your area. Assess and discuss the more likely
kinds of resistance such a plan might encounter in the community in the next 5 years. What
specific recommendations might you give for overcoming that resistance through democratic
processes?
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Geog. Standard: 16
92) Much of the discussion of alternative energy sources continues to focus on large-scale
projects, such as windmill "farms" and hydroelectric power plants. Propose two or three different
kinds of small-scale energy generation that you could envision building or attaching to your own
dwelling—that is, your own home, apartment building, or block. Provide details on the locations,
sizes, and types of additions you would propose, but do not be concerned with precise
measurements (you need not produce blueprints or construction schematics).
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Geog. Standard: 11
30
93) Look around your own home, apartment, or student dormitory. On a small scale (within your
own living space), what kinds of energy waste seem to be occurring, apart from inefficient types
of insulation in the walls or ceilings? Besides heat insulation, what kinds of energy "recycling"
and repurposing could you imagine creating or installing if you had sufficient money and
engineering ability to make these changes happen in the near future?
Answer: Answers will vary, but might include some examples of "capturing" lost heat, using
small generators to generate electricity from steam, drain water, or air currents, and other
innovative approaches to energy "capture" in small living areas.
Diff: 3
Geog. Standard: 16
94) Image you lead a country which has significant amounts of petroleum. Which, according to
standard economical approaches, is the more logical of the two approaches to development for
your country? Why? What advantages might this approach offer over the other approach, at least
in the short term?
Answer: Answers will vary, but most will choose international trade (being able to sell oil on
world markets). Some students may also describe the advantages of a gradual shift to the other
model—that of self-sufficiency (by using income from international trade to prepare for the
future, when oil reserves become exhausted).
Diff: 3
Geog. Standard: 11
95) Using NAFTA as an example, discuss "free trade" and the international trade model of
development.
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Geog. Standard: 11
31
96) Considering the challenges provided by NAFTA, discuss the Fair Trade variation of the
international trade model of development.
Answer: Varies
Diff: 3
Geog. Standard: 11
97) What is the most significant financial problem faced by less developed countries in
attempting to fund their development plans? Provide an example to illustrate this difficulty.
Answer: They attempt to borrow from international lending agencies or financial institutions in
more developed countries, but they often have difficulty repaying the loans. Examples will vary.
Diff: 3
Geog. Standard: 11
countries.
98) How is development measured? Why do we use more than one indicator?
Answer: Varies
Diff: 2
Geog. Standard: 11
99) Imagine that you lead a country with limited amounts of fossil fuels and few other goods in
demand on world markets. Which standard economic approach to development would you be
more likely to advocate for your country, and why? How would the shortcomings of this
economic model affect your plans?
Answer: Varies, but the self-sufficiency model should be chosen over international trade.
Diff: 3
Geog. Standard: 16
32

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The Cultural Landscape, 11e (Rubenstein)

1) Which is the least developed region among the following?

3) Gross domestic product (GDP) is the

5) Processing of computer information is an example of which sector of the economy?

6) The secondary sector of the economy includes which of the following?

8) The primary sector of the economy includes which of the following?

12) Examples of material conditions include

14) Per capita GDP is a poor indicator of which of the following?

15) Per capita GDP is a good indicator of which of the following?

17) The inequality-adjusted human development index of the United States is

18) The IHDI of Latin American countries is

26) The Gender Inequality Index (GII)

27) Severe gender inequality is a challenge to development because

30) Since 1990, most countries have seen an increase in

32) Gender inequality is a challenge to development because

40) The Chernobyl incident in 1986 involved

41) The Chernobyl incident occurred

44) The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is to promote

46) Traditional barriers to international trade have included

50) The major economic asset of the Russian region is

52) Population density was traditionally low in North Africa because of

56) Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT?

59) Sub-Saharan Africa has seen some development because of

71) Gender inequality exists in every country of the world.

87) What is the Gender Inequality Index (GII)?

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