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Fluid Mechanics (DT: 07-5-2020)
PRACTICE QUESTIONS- UNIT-8—Dr.P.V.REDDY
Q-1) A rectangular duct of inner dimensions width  height  length are
30cm  60cm  10m carries air from atmosphere to the air conditioning
plant for air cooling process. The air properties are mass density
1.2Kg.m-3 and absolute viscosity 16 centi stoke. In order to estimate the
friction factor as well type of flow and fan motor power requirements,
the flow velocity of air is limited to 2 m/s, then the flow Reynolds
Number of the duct is:
a)67500 b)90000 c)150000 d)45000 (50000)

Q-2) For flow through a horizontal pipe, the pressure gradient

(dp/dx) opposite to the flow direction is:
a) Positive b) Negative
c) Cannot be determined d) Depends on the fluid properties
Q-3) The flow through a circular pipe is laminar. Now, the liquid through the
pipe is replaced with a more viscous fluid and passed through the pipe again
with the same velocity. What can you say about the nature of this flow?
a) The flow will become turbulent b) The flow will be a transition flow
c) The flow will remain laminar
d) The Reynolds number of the earlier flow is required to answer this question
Explanation: A flow through a circular pipe is said to be laminar when the
Reynolds number is below 2000. A more viscous fluid would have a higher
velocity coefficient, thus reducing the Reynolds number further at the same
conditions. Hence, the Reynolds number will be well below 2000. Flow will
remain laminar.

Q-4) Which of the following flows have the highest critical

Reynolds number?
a) Flow in a pipe b) Flow between parallel plates
c) Flow in an open channel d) Flow around spherical body

Q-5) A circular pipe of radius 7 cm is used for water flow transmission. This pipe is
moulded into another pipe with a square cross-section keeping the length same. (Ignore
the thickness of the pipe). Calculate the hydraulic diameter of the moulded pipe. (Take π
= 22/7).
a) 11 cm b) 7 cm c) 3.5 cm d) 22 cm
Q-6) The ratio of head loss per unit length of a pipe flowing full to that of the
same pipe flowing half-full at the same mean velocity is:
a) 0.25 b) 0.5 c) 1 d) 2

Q-7) Four pipes are connected in series, to connect two reservoirs, then
a) the total discharge is the sum of the discharges in the
individual pipes
b) the discharge through each pipe is same
c) the head loss in each pipe is the same d) None of these

Q-8) In a turbulent flow in a pipe, the shear stress is:

a) Maximum at the centre and decreases linearly towards the wall
b) Maximum at the centre and decreases logarithmically towards
the wall
c) Maximum midway between the centre line and the wall
d) Maximum at the wall and decreases linearly to a zero value at the
centre.
Q-9) The frictional resistance for fluids in motion is
a) Proportional to the velocity in laminar flow and to the square of
the velocity in turbulent flow
b) Proportional to the square of the velocity in laminar flow and to
the velocity in turbulent flow
c) Proportional to the velocity in both laminar flow and turbulent
flow
d) Proportional to the square of the velocity in both laminar flow
and turbulent flow
Q-10) Which one of the following is correct?
a) the frictional resistance depends on the nature of the surface
area of contact
b) the frictional resistance is independent of the nature of the
surface area of contact
c) the frictional resistance depends on the nature of the surface
area of contact for laminar flows but is independent of the nature
of the surface area of contact for turbulent flows
d) the frictional resistance is independent of the nature of the
surface area of contact for laminar flows but depends on the nature
of the surface area of contact for turbulent flows

Explanation: As per the moody diagram we have, that in laminar regime

friction factor is only affected by Reynolds number while in turbulent regime,
at very high Reynolds number it depends only on relative roughness. Laminar
flow is independent of pipe roughness due to the fact that the flow is
stratified and covers the roughness. It then behaves like a flow along smooth
walls. The situation is different, if the flow gets turbulent. A very small
roughness could be covered completely by the laminar sublayer. This can be
possible at Reynolds numbers slightly above the critical Re-number of 2000
(for pipes). Then the roughness is unimportant.

Q-11) On which of the factors does the co-efficent of bend in a pipe

depend?
a) Angle of bend and radius of curvature of the bend
b) Angle of bend and radius of the pipe
c) Radius of curvature of the bend and pipe
d) Radius of curvature of the bend and pipe and angle of bend
EXPLANATION: The co-efficent of bend in a pipe depends on all the 3
parameters – radius of curvature of the bend, diameter (radius) of
the pipe and angle of bend ( ).

Q-12) The vertical intercept between Energy Gradient Line and

Hydraulic Gradient Line is equal to
a) pressure head b) potential head
c) kinetic head d) Piezometric head

Q-13) What is the function of Reynolds number?

a) To detect pressure losses b) To predict flow patterns
c) to find viscosity d) All of these
Explanation: Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity. It is used
to predict flow patterns in different types of fluid flow. At lower
Reynold’s number, the flow is laminar. At higher Reynolds number,
the flow is turbulent.
Q-14) Water hammer is developed in which power plant?
a) Solar b) Nuclear c) Hydro d) Wind

Explanation: Hydraulic shock is a pressure surge or wave caused

when a fluid, usually found in penstock of the hydro power plant

Q-15) A liquid flows through pipes 1 and 2 with the same flow velocity. If
the ratio of their pipe diameters d1 : d2 be 3:2, what will be the ratio of the
head loss in the two pipes?
a) 3:2 b) 9:4 c) 2:3 d) 4:9

Explanation: According to Darcy-Weisbach’s formula,

where hf is the head loss in the pipe, f is the co-efficient of friction, L is the
length, D is the diameter and V is the flow velocity.
Thus, hf1 : hf2 = D2 : D1 = 2 : 3.

Q-16) Which property of the fluid accounts for the major losses in pipes?
a) mass density b) surface tension c) viscosity d) compressibility
Explanation: The major loss for the flow through the pipes is due to the
frictional resistance between adjacent fluid layers sliding over each other.
This resistance arises due to the presence of viscous property of the fluid.

Q-17) A liquid flows through two similar pipes 1 and 2. If the ratio of their
flow velocities v1 : v2 be 2:3, what will be the ratio of the head loss in the
two pipes?
a) 3:2 b) 9:4 c) 2:3 d) 4:9
Explanation:
According to Darcy-Weisbach’s formula,

where hf is the head loss in the pipe, f is the co-efficient of friction, L is the
length, D is the diameter and V is the flow velocity.
Thus, hf1 : hf2 = v1 : v2 = 4 : 9.
Note: Type of flow is not mentioned, hence multiple answers possible.

Q-18) The head loss at the entrance of the pipe is that at its exit
a) equal to b) half c) twice d) four times
Explanation:
hi = o.5v2 / 2g and ho = v2 / 2g, where hi is the head loss at pipe entrance,
ho is the head loss at pipe exit and v is the flow velocity. Thus hi = 0.5ho.

Q-19) A siphon is a device for removing liquid from a container that is not to be
tipped. It operates as shown in below figure. The pipe must initially be filled, but
once this has been done the liquid will flow until its level drops below the tube
opening at A. The liquid has density ρ and negligible viscosity.
With what velocity does the liquid emerge out from the pipe at C?

a) √2g(d+h2) b)√2gh2 c) √2g(d-h2) d) √2g(h2 + d+h2)

Explanation: The head of liquid above the pot let of pipe at is (d+h2)
Allpying B.E Eqn betwwen top of the tank and the exit point at C, we get the
option (A) expression.
Q-20) Water is pumped steadily out of a flooded basement at a velocity of 5.30
m/s through a uniform pipe of diameter 20 mm. The pipe passes out through a
window 3.0 m above the water line. Take g=10m/s2.How much power is supplied
by the pump?

a) 66watt b) 33watt c)132watt d)None of these

Power of the pump required= 1000  10  (π/4) (0.02)2  (5.3)  (3)

=50 watt

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