B. P.

Poddar Institute of Management & Technology

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Academic Year: 2019 - 2020
Course Name: Analog Communication (EC401)
Amplitude Modulation
1. a) Show that in case of AM modulation index equal to 1 only 33.33% of transmitted power is
used to carry the information. 5
b) Explain why the modulation is necessary in the communication system? 5
c) Draw and explain the square-law diode modulator. 5

2. a) What is a balanced modulator? Explain it to generate a DSBSC signal. 2+4

b) What is the difference between single tone and multi tone AM signal? 4
c) Calculate the % power saving when carrier wave and one of the side bands are suppressed in
an AM wave modulated to depth of 100% and 50%. 5

3. a) Draw the block diagram of superheterodyne receiver and explain the function of each block.
7
b) Explain the terms: ‘selectivity’, ’sensitivity’, ’fidelity’ of a receiver. 5
c) For a broadcast superheterodyne AM receiver having no RF amplifier, the loaded quality
factor Q of the antenna coupling circuit is 100. If the intermediate frequency is 455KHz,
determine the image frequency and its rejection ratio at an incoming frequency of 1MHz. 3

4. a) Calculate the upper limit of RC to ensure the capacitor voltage which follows the envelope
of the envelope detector for AM system. 5
b) The baseband signal m(t) is recovered from DSB-SC signal s(t) = m(t)cos(2πfct) by
multiplying s(t) by locally generated carrier cos(2πfct+fi) and passes through a LPF. What is the
maximum allowable value of the phase angle if the recovered signal is 95% of the maximum
value? 5
c) The antenna current of an AM transmitter is 7A when only carrier is sent. It increases to 9A
when the carrier is modulated by a single sine wave. Find the percentage of modulation. What do
you understand by the term efficiency of a transmitter. 3+2

5. a) A modulating signal given by Vm = 2sin(2π × 500t) amplitude modulates a carrier signal

given by Vc = 10sin(2π × 106t). Find the
a. Modulation index
b. Frequencies present in the modulated signal
c. Bandwidth.
d. Total transmitted power. 6
b) Compare AM with DSB – SC and SSB – SC. 4
c) A modulating signal m(t) is applied to a DSBSC modulator operating at 100KHz. Sketch the
spectrum of the modulating signal and the modulated signal if m(t) = 2cos(400πt) + 5cos(600πt).
3+2
6. a) Explain with neat diagram how DSB-SC signal can be generated using Ring Modulator. 5
b) Discuss with a block diagram the coherent detection of DSB-SC modulated wave. Explain
how the effect of phase and frequency can be overcome. 3
c) What is coherent detection? Explain Quadrature Null Effect. 2+1
d) The antenna current of an AM transmitter is 8 Amp when only the carrier is sent, but it
increases to 8.93 Amp when the carrier is modulated by a single sine wave. Find the percentage
modulation. Determine the antenna current when the percentage of modulation changes to 0.8. 4

7. a) Draw the block diagram for the generation and demodulation of a VSB signal and explain
the principle of operation. 6
b) Explain the operation of quadrature amplitude modulation with suitable block diagram. 6
c) What is diagonal clipping? How can it be avoided? 2+1

8. a) Explain the working principle of envelope detector. 5

b) The modulation index of AM is greater than unity, what problems will be encountered during
demodulation? 3
c) A complex modulating waveform consisting of a sine wave of amplitude 3V and a frequency
1 kHz plus a cosine wave of amplitude 5V and frequency 3 kHz amplitude modulates 500 kHz
and 10V peak carrier voltage. Plot the spectrum of modulated wave and determine the average
power when the modulated wave is fed into 500 load. 7

9. a) Define DSB-SC and SSB-SC. What is the bandwidth of AM, DSBSC, and SSBSC? 5
b) What is Image frequency in supper heterodyne receiver and how can they be avoided? 2
c) With neat block diagram explain the principle of SSB-SC generation by phase shift method. 5
d) Draw the phasor diagram of AM, FM and DSBSC modulation. 3

10. a) Show that if the envelope detector output is to follow the envelope at all times, it is
required that RC≤ (1 - m 2 ) / wmR 5
3 4
b) A modulating signal 10 sin( 2P *10 t ) is used to modulate a carrier signal 20 sin( 2P *10 t ) .
Determine the modulation index, frequency of the sideband components and their amplitude,
bandwidth of the modulated signal. 5
c) How can you measure the modulation index from the envelope of an AM signal? Explain. 5
11. a) The tuned circuit of the in a simple AM transmitter employs a 50 mH coil and a 1nF
capacitor. If the oscillator output is modulated by audio frequencies up to 10kHz, what is the
frequency range occupied by the sidebands? 5
b) Explain switching modulator to generate AM signal. 5
c) If a DSBSC signal is synchronously using a locally generated carrier with a phase error of Q,
determine the expression of the output signal. 5

12. a) Explain the filter method to generate SSBSC signal. Compare it with phase shift method. 5
b) Show that in SSBSC signal power savings is 83.33% with compare to AM. 5
c) Derive the relationship between modulation index and modulated signal amplitude for a
sinusoidally modulated DSB-tc signal. 5

13. a) An AM transmitter has an unmodualted carrier power of 10kW.It can be modulated by a

sinusoidal modulating voltage to a maximum depth of 40%,without overloading. If the maximum
modulation index is reduced to 30%,what is the extent up to which the unmodulated carrier
power can be increased without overloading? 5
b) Write short notes on the following: 5+5
(i) Diagonal Clipping
(ii)Vestigial side band modulation (VSB)

14. a) Define energy signal and power signal. What will be the Fourier transform of 1? 5
b) What are the basic elements of a communication system? Show in a block diagram. Where
maximum amount of distortion is introduced in a communication system? 5
V - Vmin
c) Show that m a = max . Where the symbol have their usual meaning. 5
Vmax + Vmin