PH PROBE CALIBRATION

Submitted to Miss Anam Saeed

Submitted By
Group # 1
Jawad Ismaeel 2016-CH-61
Faiza Raja 2016-CH-59
Ramisha Naveed 2016-CH-57
Muhammad Asad Taj 2016-CH-33

Open Ended Experiment, Instrumentation & Control Lab

Chemical Engineering Department, UET Lahore
 1. Equipment Name

pH Probe Calibration

2. Experiment Name

“ To Calibrate the pH Probe“

3. Working Principle

pH transmitters, commonly called analyzers, provide electrical outputs that are proportional
to potential of hydrogen (pH) inputs. The pH scale is used to express the acidity or alkalinity of a
solution by measuring the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution. pH transmitters are
part of a larger system which monitors and analyzes the pH of a solution. The transmitters
function under the principle that an acidic solution has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions
than an alkaline solution. The device includes a pH sensor, which uses electrodes or wires to test
the solution's pH, and a controller which processes the raw signal from the pH sensor and
delivers it to the transmitter. In this way, a pH transmitter is able to convert the pH of a solution
into an electrical signal. A pH transmitter differs from a pH meter because it has a
communication interface which can transmit data to a control system or computer.

The device employs a stabilization feature which prevents the transmitter from accepting a buffer
pH reading that has not reached a prescribed level of stabilization, in terms of pH change per
time. This feature helps eliminate the common problem of not allowing enough time for the pH
to approach the buffer value that leads to a lower observed slope and higher than necessary slope
correction during calibration. pH transmitters have to be regularly "buffered" with solutions of
known pH to establish the calibration. They are usually made of glass electrodes and are very
delicate.

4. Components

 Process Interface
 pH Transmitter
 Digital Display Module
 pH process Rig
 pH 4, pH 7 and pH9 buffer solutions
 4 plastic or glass beakers
 1 liter of De-ionized or distilled solution

5. Working Procedure

1) We connect all the connections

2) We prepared respective solutions mentioned below.

3) We turned on the power

4) And tried to perform the following steps but apparatus doesn’t work properly.

a. We selected the pH Mode and set the temperature control knob to 25°C.

b. We rinsed the electrode with deionized water and blot dry using a piece of tissue.

c. We placed the electrode in the solution of pH 7 buffer, allow the display to

stabilize and, then, set the display to read 7 by adjusting cal 1. Remove the
electrode from the buffer.

d. We rinse the electrode with deionized water and blot dry using a piece of tissue

e. We place the electrode in the solution of pH 2 buffer, allow the display to

stabilize and, then, set the display to read 2 by adjusting cal 2. Remove the
electrode from the buffer.

f. We rinsed the electrode with deionized water and blot dry using a piece of tissue

6. Figure of Equipment
7. Result & Discussion

1) It is necessary to calibrate an electrical sensor before use to provide an output that is

meaningful.
2) The pH probe supplied has an output that changes linearly with the change in pH.

8. Suggestion/Recommendation

1) A sensor can be calibrated using several fixed points if a continuously variable

reference is not given.
2) A minimum of two reference points is required to calibrate the sensor but accuracy is
increased if more points are available.

9. Problems

The pH probe system was not working properly, so it was not possible to calibrate
with efficiently and effectively.

10. Applications

1) Controls the quality, acidity and basisity of reactants and products.

2)  The rate and results of chemical reactions taking place in water often depend on the
acidity of the water, and it is, therefore, useful to know the acidity of the water.
3) Automatically controls the pH of Process.

11. References
 pH Measurement and Value". Global Water. Xylem, Inc. Retrieved 21 March 2017.

 Bell, Ronald Percy. "Acid-Base Reaction". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia

Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 21 March 2017
 Riddle, Peter (2013). "pH meters and their electrodes: calibration, maintenance and
use". The Biomedical Scientist. April: 202–205.