BACHELOR OF MANAGEMENT

FM 417
BUSINESS RESEARCH

REPORT SUBMISSION
BY
…………………

Installing of Solar Panel for Rural Community in Tari

Pori District of Hela Province – Karida village

0|Page Report submission by Esther AKUNI

Table of Content Page Numbers

Tittle of the Research…………………………………………………..............................3

Abstract …………………………………………………………………………..........................3

Introduction………………………………………………………………................................3

Problem Statement …………………………………………………..................................3

Purpose/Aim/Rationale……………………………………………………………………………...4

Research Questions…………………………………………………………...........................4

Findings……………………………………………………………………………………………………..5-6

Literature Review……………………………………………………….................................7

Methodology……………………………………………………………….............................7-8

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  Research Instrument………………………………………………………………...
 Channel of Distribution of survey………………………….....................
 Analyze and Interpretation ……………………………………………………….

Conclusion…………………………………………………………….....................................9

Bibliography……………………………………………………………..................................10

Tittle of the Research

Installing of solar panel for rural community in Tari Pori District of Hela Province – Karida village

Abstract
Establishment of solar energy is a priority for the Government of PNG because it has many
associated benefits such as better education, healthy living, and the development of rural income
generating enterprises, entertainment, poverty reduction and etc. Solar technology is one of the
many proposed alternative sources of energy addressed to substitute other forms of energy in order
to excessively minimise the emitting of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. According to Solar
Energy Solutions PNG, Papua New Guinea citizens have a very low rate of electricity access with only
87% having no access to power and just a handful, 13% of the population, have access to Electricity
Services however this group experience constant power outages in the major towns.

Introduction/Background
Papua New Guinea is frequently referred to such as “the land of the unexpected.” It is strikingly
diverse, organized in small, disjointed community collections, by means of more than 800 ethnic
collections speaking over 800 tongues –thought to be more than any supplementary nation in the

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biosphere. Almost 85 percent of the country’s approximately seven million people living in
countryside zones that comprise isolated hilltop zones and far-flung landmasses.

Absence of admission to electrical energy is one of the main subjects fronting the biospheres
deprived, with over 1.6 billion left in the dark internationally. As for Papua New Guinea, Karida
village in Hela province is one of it. The vast popular of these societies live in countryside zones of
unindustrialized states because they are also unfortunate and might be in too distant a place to be
touched by the nationwide network. For their illumination requirements they depend on on wax
light, lamp oil, and wood as their foundation of light. This consequences in a day-to-day outflow that
is costly in the extensive run. Additionally, this form of interior illumination causes interior
contamination and prolonged lung difficulties

Problem Statement
Karida Village is located in the remote area of Tari-Pori District surrounded by mountains and valleys,
deeply rooted in the tropical forest, falling within the Tagali River in Hela province of Papua New
Guinea. It is home to different clans and tribe’s composites of more than 50 households with more
than 1000 plus population. Sweet potatoes’, fan leafs and bean cultivation, and livestock farming
constitute the primary economic activities in the village. The village is famously known as one of the
peaceful and trouble free village in Hela Province.

However, the area remains difficult and costly to provide basic services and develop infrastructure,
electricity is one of them. The level of services that the community have is the small aid post and
Primary School which was recently builded and run by the mission.
The village aid post is serving the sick patient, labour, injured and etc… from 10 to 20 people daily
within the village and also the nearing villages, also school enrol about 50 plus students. Situation at
night is risky compared to day. Electricity is needed in there.
As limited of administration speculation and problematic natural features retain the nationwide
electronic network from spreading to the Karida village. The unfortunate communities lacking
electrical energy look countless problems in gathering requests such as nourishment, housing, and
show business. They must prepare consequently with procedures of liveliness other than electrical
energy. Rush candle and lamp oil that produce poisonous gasses harmful to the lungs be situated
usually cast-off for illumination. Wood is normally recycled for food preparation, which can
additional add to interior contamination, and freezing is not a choice. Students and teachers
reviewing afterward shadowy to dim, flaming wax light and lamp oil is problematic for families, and
productions typically cannot endure functioning afterward shadowy.

The idea of projection of Empowering and Installing of solar panel for rural community– Karida
village was brought forward by some intellectuals in there. They recognized electrical energy
delivery as incomes to improving the excellence of lifetime and to speaking inadequacies in
education and healthiness maintenance establishment.

Purpose/Aims/Rationale/Research Questions
The sole purpose of this research is to find-out about the current stance and possibilities on how to
empower our local people to find solutions to consequences of the lack of electricity. The aim is to
find solution to the main research question outlined below.

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Research Objectives
 To study the current status and available source of power

 To evaluate the possibilities of using renewable power source

 To study the preservation and opinion of members of local community on adapting solar power
as a source of energy.

 To examine the possible source of finance and technical support for solar power installation.

 The present policy to the government.

Developing Research Questions

The main research questions for installation of solar panels for Karida village are proposed as
follows;

1. Do you feel happy of installing solar panels in the village?

2. When installation of the solar panels for both the public servant and villagers, do you feel it’s
efficient for the community?
3. Do solar panels cost effective in terms of fuel and other necessary maintenance?

4. Does the installation of the solar panels help the community in terms of students to study,
mothers giving birth and teachers to prepare for the next day lesson during the night?
5. Does installation of solar panels have bad side effect to the community?

Note: The answers are to be given in YES or NO respond. The questioned is constructed and
proposed towards our locals on the basis of explaining them in our mother tongue (Huli Language),
pidgin and English for some educated beings. Total of 50 forms were distributed and people
answered questions accordingly as mother, father, student and etc…

Response from Survey/Findings

Findings from the research I found out is that many people are interested in solar panel apart from
other traditional method of using light. For this village, the exploration for energy coals and facilities
is difficult, daily grind. Small-scale, off-grid renewable energy expertise as solar home lighting kits or
solar panel offer the ability to generate electricity and provide reliable energy services. Lack of
access to reliable lighting hinder local’s capability to carry out basic accomplishments at evening or
in the early morning this including domestic tasks, reading, doing homework and accompanying
commercial activities. A few of the major impacts that could be achieved with high-quality,
renewable solar lighting as explained by the people is as follow.

Impact on income generating activity: Admission to appropriate light (of high sufficient lighting to
permit interpretation and doing domestic and business-related activities) is possible to obligate an
optimistic influence on efficiency in overall and income-generating movement extra precisely.
Numerous families live more than 5km from a national road (see below figure 2), so obtaining fuel
for lighting can be a time-consuming task that requires traveling long distances. This motion is often

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undertaken by women; decreasing the time they have available for income-generating happenings.
Road is the key to transformation.

Figure 2: Percentage of households within 5 km of a national road by Province, 2012.

Source: Michael Bourke, Agriculture in PNG, 2007.

Based on census data and data from PNG Power Ltd

Similarly, a major amount of Papua New Guineans involve in financial doings that, lacking
appropriate illumination, necessity end at sunset. For example, micro-retail openings, minor owner
agriculturalists cannot trade lacking light. In businesses like agricultural, which have an incomplete
space for post-handling of foods and distribution to marketplace, the bounds to output generated by
absence of lights can have thoughtful significances.
Impact on Education: Many of the people of the populace aged 8 and grown-up are not capable to
recite and inscribe, and illiteracy charges are even advanced in the in our village.
Students often use candle or fire for undertaking homework. Maybe introducing of solar panels will
have some impact on children so that they can remained awake longer each day and have additional
time for studying and reading. It will have constructive consequence on institute presentation.

Impact on household spending: Additional significant influence of fuel-based lights on PNG’s

unfortunate families is the charge weight of disbursing for luxurious fuel (see figure below). By way
of energy charges have enlarged, off-grid families are now expenditure additional and additional of
their revenue on fuel-based lights. Merchandising values in countryside parts greater than before
even more. Total savings from the adoption of solar lighting products is a significant benefit.

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Figure 6: Average expenditure (USD million) by off-grid households PNG on kerosene, batteries,
candles, and firewood.

Source: Stakeholder interviews. Analysis from IFC

What has been illustrated in the graph above is the factual information. Solar panel must be installed
to overcome the problems mentioned above. The outlined impact will be triggered with cheap solar
system; teachers and students will be able to prepare the lesson for the next day and study with the
help of Solar light. This will help both to be academically fit and well prepared to meet the current
challenges in the cities, the students will be well prepared when they are selected to study in higher
institution.

Nurses and Doctors will be able to work even during the night without being afraid, mothers will no
longer be giving birth in the dark using the kerosene lamp or torch. Also for the storage of the
medicine with the solar fridge so it won’t get spoilt when exposed outside in the open air. On the
other hand, there will be proper administration duties being performed in terms of keeping the data
through soft copy while using computers for future reference. And Non-Government Organization
will be improving their administration standard in the sense of running the organization with the
help of the solar light. And creation of employment opportunities within the village for example;
engaging in a trade store business to sell the basic needs, charging a phone so as doing mini printing,
photocopying and typing service for the community. That will enable the community to retain cash
flow within them, and also minimize the risks of travelling to the towns to get the basic need. Solar
panel, the sustainable project is way forward.

Review of Literature
The research proposal was first carried out by the contractor Hela Solar Electrics. They opted to have
a 25Kva Standby Genset. However, that option was not feasible due to the road access and other
mitigating factors include fuel supply to such an area and etc. It is essential that research as to which
alternative energy source is the best so as that the Local community there have much needed
electricity services.

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According to what I have found out in the research, many people are interested in solar panel apart
from other source of light. The idea of Installing solar panel for rural community– Karida village were
brought forward by some elites and local leaders in Karida village before I carry out the survey. In
place of these societies, the exploration for liveliness coals and facilities is a demanding, everyday
chore. Small-scale, off-grid renewable liveliness machineries such as lunar home-produced lights kits
or lunar board bargain the aptitude to create electrical energy and deliver dependable liveliness
facilities. Lack of access to modern energy not only limits opportunities for income generation and
blunts efforts to escape poverty; it also severely impacts women and children and contributes to
global deforestation and climate change (Legros et al., 2009; Sovacool, 2011).

Methodology
Qualitative Method

1. a Research Instrument
Since our research design was collecting of data through questionnaires, no sophisticated instrument
was used except typed questionnaires on papers. The instrument of research used in this case is
questionnaire. This was chosen as it was the best suitable instrument for our respondents (Karida
people) as well as for us to generate information. The nature of questions constructed in the
questionnaire is open as to avoid limiting the respondent’s responses in case he/she will be
unsatisfied with not giving enough information about the exercise. Also questions have been ensured
to be neutral so that the positions will be generated from the perspectives of the respondents after
gathering the information.

1.b Distribution of questionnaires

I produced twenty (50) copies of the questionnaire since making copies was costly as each
questionnaire had one pages each. Thus, we were very thoughtful about the distribution of the
limited amount of questionnaire copies. Hence, we ensured that, respondents are students, elites
and locals from Karida village and are equally distributed among both sexes. Everyone was allocated
with questionnaires and I was able to get the views of the respondents of both sexes. This was in an
attempt to grab (grasp) the wider scope of experiences of the issue with the little available resources
as genuine data for my paper. With the data collected equally, I was easily able to analyses the
current trend of distribution of government services in rural PNG areas and also means of improving
the condition of rural areas.

1.c Chanel of Distribution of survey

The distribution of questionnaire and survey was possible with the help of some of my college at
Hela through emailing of survey questioner. They carried out a successful survey in our village. The
report was sent back to me with a hard copy of 50 filled in questionnaire. It was a simple survey with
less expense.
1.d Analyze and Interpretation
I will use the graphs to analyze and interpret the questioner survey that had been given by the
correspondents. Upon the response given by the people, there were four groups of people
answering the questions.

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 Installation of solar pannel based on 50 survey questionaire

1st Qtr Men/Father 2nd Qtr Women/Mother 3rd Qtr Student 4th Qtr No Idea

Note: Men = 21, Women = 11, Student = 14, Other (No idea) = 4

It is notable that many people have agreed to the proposed idea as illustrated in the graph above
with support of data from other sources too. What we have seen and heard is ‘People understand
the concept of using the sun to charge a battery—you don’t have to explain to them what solar
(power) is.’ They agreed to this sustainable project apart from the four (4) who is illiterate and
stubborn that proposed for government to give them money. They mention that they vote MPs to
get into power so it’s their job to provide them with money. Otherwise all the questionnaires were
satisfactorily answered.
The only action that needs to be done is for the Hela provincial government and responsible MPs to
rollout this project. Once the solar panels are installed, the local village will be able to experience a
lot of benefits within the society. The most significant advancement will be the transformation of
standard of living in the Community. There should be a better improvement in the standard of living;
this is in the sense of lighting up the village, even the street light through the community school,
houses of the villagers, aid post and churches with the solar energy. This project is helpful and a
sustainable one. It needs immediate actions-implementation.

Conclusion
This project must be carried out because the Karida village currently does not have any electricity
service for the day to day leisure and luxuries we in the city have grown accustomed to. There is a
tremendous gap between the lifestyle of the people who are in the cities and those back in the
villages like Karida and other remote locations throughout PNG. PNG is one of the most rugged
countries in the world with thousands of land faults creating mountainous boundaries that guard
villages often isolated from the rest of the world. Karida village is no exception to this.

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Since Hela operated as a new Province, breaking away from Southern Highland Province on the 17 th
of May 2012, the state of service delivery to the area has no remarkable change. The research
report like this is very important and has supportive information in order for government to roll out
project like this. It is backup information that will basically give some significance in terms of delivery
of basic services and infrastructure development to the community if the project is considered for
implementation. The most effective and efficient instrument that will roll out this project is Hela
Provincial Government and our Prime Minister and open MP. Honourable Member for Tari Pori
James Marape. Little contribution through provision of fund to the district sector in terms of
financing such a long term and sustainable project will leads to the integral development of the
social and economic sector of the country.

Bibliography

Joskin. M. A. (2013). Investigating the implementation process of a curriculum: A case study from
Papua New Guinea. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Victoria University, Wellington, NZ.

Picture Source: Source: Stakeholder interviews. Analysis from IFC

Picture Source: Source: Michael Bourke, Agriculture in PNG, 2007. Based on census data and
data from PNG Power Ltd

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Sovacool, B.K., A.L. D’Agostino and M.J. Bambawale, 2011, ‘The socio-technical barriers to solar
home systems (SHS) in Papua New Guinea: “Choosing pigs, prostitutes, and poker chips over
panels”’, Energy Policy, Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 1532–1542.

World Bank, The welfare impact of rural electrification a reassessment of the costs and benefits; an
IEG impact evaluation. (2008). Retrieved from http://public.eblib.com/EBLPublic/PublicView.do?
ptiID=459798

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