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Organizational Behavior

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 Organizational Behavior
Shekhar Kapoor*, Trilok Kumar Jain**
Introduction
An organization is a social entity that has a
collective goal and is linked to an external
environment. If a person wishes to work in an
organization or to manage it, it is necessary
to understand how it operates. An
organization combines science and
technology, people and humanity. Unless we
have qualified people to design and
implement, techniques alone will not
produce desirable results. So the role of
human resource is of great importance to
perform the work effectively and efficiently.
Organizations can be of various kinds-
government or non-governmental
organizations, international organizations,
partnerships, co-operations, charities,
universities and many more. The study of
Organizational behavior in these
organizations is very interesting and
challenging too. It is related to individuals or
group of people working together in teams.
The study becomes more challenging when
situational factors interact. The study of
organizational behavior relates to the
expected behavior of an individual in the
organization.
Concept of Organizational Behavior
Organizational behavior is a field of study
that investigates the impact that individuals,
groups and structures have on behavior
*
Principal, Malviya College for Girls, Jaipur.
**
Research Supervisor & Dean, ISBM, Director Distance Education, Principal, Academic Staff College, Suresh
Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur.
Correspondence to: Mr. Shekhar Kapoor, Principal, Malviya College for Girls, Jaipur.
E-mail Id: sk@gmail.com
© ADR Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved.
within an organization for the purpose of
applying such knowledge towards improving
an organization's effectiveness. It is a human
tool for human benefit. It applies broadly to
the behavior of people in all types of
organizations, such as business, government,
schools and services organizations. It covers
three determinants of behavior in
organizations: individuals, groups, and
structure. OB is an applied field. It applies the
knowledge gained about individuals, and the
effect of structure on behavior, in order to
make organizations work more efficiently and
effectively. OB covers the core topics of
motivation, leadership behavior and power,
interpersonal communication, group
structure and process, learning, attitude
development and perception, change
process, conflict, job design and work stress.
Organizational Components that need
to be Controlled
People
People are the main component of any
organization that has to be managed. Every
individual has a personal goal to be achieved.
Organizations must identify the need
spectrum of individuals and take suitable
steps for its fulfillment to enable them to
perform effectively so that they complete
their allotted task in time.
J. Adv. Res. HR Organ. Mqmt. 2016; 3(4)
Relationship between the workers, with
subordinates and superiors should be
established based on full understanding and
complete faith based on mutual trust so that
it is easy to communicate and understand
each other views.
Structure
Structure defines the official relationships of
people in organizations. Different jobs are
required to accomplish all of an
organization’s activities. There are managers
and employees, accountants and assemblers.
These people have to be related in some
structural way so that their work can be
effective. There are two types of
organizations, formal and informal. Informal
organizations do not have a specified
structure. Formal organizations are based
upon the objective set for it. Organizational
structure in such organization is hierarchical
in nature, wherein the superior at each level
has an authority over his subordinates and
the subordinate has to fulfill the
responsibility of the task allotted to him and
report back to the superior.
Technology
Organizations have technologies for
transforming inputs and outputs. Technology
provides the physical and economic
resources with which people work. Selection
of technology, procurement, installation,
operation and maintenance is important and
no compromise should be made in procuring
latest or advanced technology. Based on the
technology, an organization should formulate
job structure and resultant procurement of
human resource so that they are
complimentary to each other. The great
benefit of technology is that it allows people
to do more and better work, but it also
47
Kapoor S et al.
restricts people in various ways. It has costs
as well as benefits associated with it.
Job
Job is an assignment assigned to an
individual. It encompasses various tasks
within it. For example, a personnel manager
wants to fill up twelve vacancies in
production department within three months.
Job will have various tasks inbuilt in it like
designing of job specification, selection of
media, advertising vacancies, scheduling of
selection and recruiting. Managers have to
manage various tasks to accomplish a
particular job. Adequate e delegation,
supervision, application of various control
techniques makes the job simpler for the
manager.
Processes
A process is a series of action that produce a
desired result. Management of processes and
its inter-dependence is very crucial to high
productivity and higher job satisfaction. ,
manager must develop and build an
organizational culture that will bind
employees to a common cultural bond.
During day-to-day functions, managers must
be transparent and maintain a high degree of
value system and display ethical behavior.
Environment
All organizations operate within an external
environment. A single organization does not
exist alone. It is part of a larger system that
contains thousand of other elements. All
these mutually influence each other in a
complex system that becomes the lifestyle of
the people. It influences the attitudes of
people, affects working conditions, and
provides competition for resources and
power. It is therefore important to evaluate
ISSN: 2454-3268
Kapoor S et al.
market situation, competitors, and
availability of raw material, technology,
availability of skilled, semi skilled and non-
skilled personnel. In addition, evaluate
prevailing culture and how individuals are
likely to respond to the call of the
organization. Some factors like government
rules, and political stability keep changing,
the organizations must also cater for such
contingencies.
Conclusion
Study of organizational behavior is very
challenging and interesting. It is the field of
study that investigates the impact on
individuals, groups and organizational
structure have on individual behavior so that
the knowledge so achieved can be suitably
modified and applied for organizational
effectiveness. It is the art on the part of
manager to understand, describe, forecast
and modify individual behavior. Various
models and research instruments are
available to investigate human behavior.
Various fields like psychology, social
psychology, anthropology, sociology, politics,
economics, and medical sciences have
contributed to the field of organization
behavior. The study of organizational
behavior relates to the study of attitude,
perception, learning, values at individual
level. The study is undertaken pertaining to
managing stress, conflicts, intergroup
behavior, decision making at group level. It is
the responsibility of the managers to evolve
appropriate strategies to study organizational
components. The first component is people.
The study of organizational behavior involves
identifying need spectrum of the people,
managing interpersonal relationship,
understanding of individual objectives and
co-relating organizational strategies
ISSN: 2454-3268
J. Adv. Res. HR Organ. Mqmt. 2016; 3(4)
accordingly. The other component is to
understand the organizational structure and
its modification based on the need of the
hour. Communication, delegation of
authority, well defined policies, rules,
regulation, systems, procedures and
processes. Introduction of latest technology
is an essential part of organizational
development that should be taken care of by
the manager responsible for running the
organization. Jobs should be allotted to the
individual based on the aptitude and the
processes must be compatible with the
technology being used. Both internal and
external environment are important
components. . While internal environment
relates to various personnel policies and
corresponding managerial actions, the
external environment relates to cultural,
social, legal, and governmental rules and
regulations that should be taken care of.
Keeping all the components of organizational
behavior in mind, all the managers and
employees of an organization must work with
a proper authority-responsibility relationship
along with an effective decision making and
supervision so that ultimately organizational
goals and objectives are satisfied.
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