Line

- it refers to a point moving at an identifiable path (with length

and direction)
- it is the foundation of all drawing

Different Types of Lines

> Horizontal Line - it is associated with rest or calm
> Vertical Line - connotes elevation or height
> Diagonal Line - it conveys movements and instability
> Crooked Line - reminiscent of violence, conflict, or struggle
> Curved Line - line that bend or coil
- alludes to softness, grace, flexibility, or even
sensuality
LEONARDO DA VINCI
Shape
- it refers to two dimensions: height and
width

Categories
Geometric - it finds origin in mathematical
propositions
Organic - occurring in nature and is often
irregular and asymmetrical
Form
- it refers to three
dimensions: height, width, and
depth
- it is the physical volume of
shape and the space it occupies

Tindaro Screpolato (Tyndareus Cracked), 1998 (bronze)

IGOR MITORAJ
Space
- inferred from a sense of
depth, whether it is real or
simulated

Cloud Gate, 2004

Anish Kapoot
Two-dimensional artworks

Positive and Negative space

-negative space-white space
-positive space-place where
shadow is heavily used
Three-dimensional space
- can be simulated through a
variety of techniques such as
shading
Color
- a property of light, as it is
reflected off the object

Properties
Hue
Primary- red, yellow, blue
Secondary- green, orange, violet
Tertiary- achieved when primary
and secondary colors are mixed
Value
Intensity
Hue - the color itself (name of color)

Value - the lightness or darkness of color

Intensity - the brightness or dullness of color

Texture
- it refers to the way things
feel, or look as if they might feel if
touched

Textures in the two-dimensional

plane
Surface Texture
-refers to the texture of the
three-dimensional art object.
Perspective
Types

One-point perspective
-shows parallel lines that seem to converge at a specific and
lone vanishing point, along the horizon line
Two-point perspective
-pertains to a painting or drawing that makes use of two vanishing
points, which can be placed anywhere along the horizon line
Three-point perspective
-it makes use of the three vanishing points, each corresponding to
each axis of the scene
L
L
One-point perspective
Two-point perspective
Three-point perspective
• Rhythm
- it is the pulse of music
- a regular, repeated pattern of sounds
Beat
-basic unit of music
Tempo
-refers to its speed (beats/second)
Meter
-recurrent pattern of beats
Variations in Tempo (Classical terms)
• Largo - slowly and broadly
• Andante - walking pace
• Moderato - at moderate speed
• Allegro - fast
• Vivace - lively
• Accelerando - gradually speeding up
• Rallentado - gradually slowing down
• Allargando - getting slower, broadening
• Rubato - literally “robbed time”, rhythm is played freely
for expressive effect
• Dynamics
-it refers to the loudness or quietness of music

Different levels
• Pianissimo [pp] - very quiet
• Piano [p] - quiet
• Mezzo-piano [mp] - moderately quiet
• Mezzo-forte [mf] - moderately loud
• Forte [f] - loud
• Fortissimo [ff] - very loud

Crescendo - increase in loudness

Decrescendo/Diminuendo - decrease in loudness (or
quietness)
• Melody
- it refers to the linear presentation
(horizontal) of pitch (highness or lowness of musical sound)

-in musical notation, it is read in succession from left to

right
• Harmony
- it refers to the linear presentation (vertical) of pitch
- it arises when pitches are combined to form chords
-two or more notes sounding at the same time
Dissonance - harsh-sounding harmony
Consonance - smooth-sounding combination
• Timbre
- a quality that distinguishes a voice or an instrument from another
- the character of a sound or voice
- often likened to the color of music
• Texture
- the number of melodies, the type of layers, and their
relatedness in a composition

Monophonic - single melodic line

Polyphonic - two or more melodic lines
Homophonic - main melody accompanied by chords