Language 1 - Adverbs of Manner

Adverbs of manner explain how something happens. They are often formed with adjective + –ly. Adjectives
describe nouns (people, things) and adverbs describe verbs (actions).

He is a responsible driver He drives responsibly.

Adjective Type Example Adverb of Manner Change Examples

Most adjectives interesting Add –ly interestingly
Ending in –y happy Change y to –ily happily
Ending in –ful beautiful Add –ly beautifully
Ending in –le terrible Change e for y terribly
Ending in –ic fantastic Add –ally fantastically
Irregular good well

Adverbs of manner can express many aspects of the verb. They can describe the physical actions of the verb (slowly, quietly), an
opinion about the action (well, fantastically, easily, surprisingly), emotions (happily, angrily), and possibilities (probably, definitely).

Adverbs of manner usually follow the verb they describe.

She dances terribly. Surprisingly, many people can’t swim.

My team didn’t play well. He is probably the best guitarist in the world.
However, some adverbs can go in different places in a sentence.

A Complete the table with the correct form of the adverbs.

Adjective Adverb
quick 1 quickly
noisy 2 noisily
positive 3 positively
careful 4 carefully
responsible 5 responsibly
efficient 6 efficiently
obvious 7 obviously
definite 8 definitely
wasteful 9 wastefully
good 10 well

D.R. © Macmillan Publishers, S.A. de C.V. 2014. Only for teaching purposes.
 Language 1 - Adverbs of Manner

B Complete the sentences with appropriate adverbs of manner from the box.
Clearly surprisingly heavily slowly definitely loudly luckily fluently carefully beautifully

1 Can you speak any foreign languages fluently ?

2 She will definitely win the singing competition. She sings beautifully .
3 He did his homework too quickly and made a lot of mistakes. He needs to do his homework
slowly and carefully .

4 I expected the movie to be bad, but surprisingly , it was very good.

5 It was raining heavily all day. luckily , I had my umbrella with me.
6 I spoke clearly and loudly so that everybody could hear.

D.R. © Macmillan Publishers, S.A. de C.V. 2014. Only for teaching purposes.
 Language 3 - Adverbs of Frequency

Adverbs of frequency tell us how often an action happens. The table below shows the most common adverbs of frequency.

always usually often sometimes almost never never

100% 0%

Adverbs of frequency usually go before the main verb, except the verb be:
He sometimes has a short shower.
We always buy energy-efficient light bulbs.
The washing machine is almost never full.

We can also use frequency phrases. These give more specific information about frequency. Examples include:
once / twice a day / week / month / year
every day / week / hour
all the time / most of the time

All these frequency phrases can go at the beginning or at end of the sentence except all the time which goes at the end.
I speak to my friends all the time.

A Unscramble the sentences.

1 his car / My dad / uses / never / a hose / to wash / .

My dad never uses a hose to wash his car.

2 every day / My mom / her plants / waters / .

My mom waters her plants every day.

3 leaves / when she cleans / She / sometimes / the faucet running / her teeth / .
She sometimes leaves the faucet running when she cleans her teeth

4 to / three times a week / go / dance classes / I / .

I go to dance classes three times a week.

5 goes to sleep / My computer / not using it / every hour / if I am / .

My computer goes to sleep every hour if I am not using it.

D.R. © Macmillan Publishers, S.A. de C.V. 2014. Only for teaching purposes.
 Language 3 - Adverbs of Frequency

B Answer the questions or complete the sentences so that they are true for you with adverbs
of manner.

1 How often do you study English at school?

usually

2 How often do you go to the beach?

Almost never

3 How often do you eat junk food?

sometimes

4 How often do you buy new clothes?

sometimes

5 How often is there a national government election in your country?

always

6 They dont usually eat in the cafeteria

7 I am almost never
go to the beach

8 Every day I drink coffe

9 you always come to class late

10 I play soccer all the time.

D.R. © Macmillan Publishers, S.A. de C.V. 2014. Only for teaching purposes.
 Language 4 - Adverbs of Degree

Adverbs of degree modify adjectives (and sometimes other adverbs). There are
a lot of adverbs of degree. The most common are shown in the table below:

Adverb Meaning Example Sentences

(not) very Makes the adjective very negative (--) That movie is not very good
quite That movie is quite good.
fairly Makes the adjective a little positive (+) That movie is fairly good.
pretty That movie is pretty good.
very That movie is very good.
really Makes the adjective very positive (++) That movie is really good.
extremely That movie is extremely good.

Note that we can also use absolutely to modify extreme adjectives. Extreme adjectives have an
extreme meaning. Examples include perfect, gorgeous, amazing, delicious, fantastic, and terrible.

That movie is absolutely amazing.

A Unscramble the adverbs of degree.

1 tertpy pretty
2 tequi quite
3 mreyleext extremely
4 yver very
5 ysoablutle absolutely

B Choose 5 adjectives from the box and use them with adverbs of degree to make sentences about
your life.
dangerous slow cold expensive boring friendly bad disappointing

1 I am friendly to the people

2 I am slow to run
3 I am col in winter
4 I am dangerous to play soccer
5 I am bad for mathematics

D.R. © Macmillan Publishers, S.A. de C.V. 2014. Only for teaching purposes.
 Vocabulary 1 - Environmentally-friendly

A Match the halves to make phrases from the video.

1 energy-efficient [b] a) collector

2 standby [f] b) light bulbs
3 a full load [e] c) your teeth
4 rain [a] d) your habits
5 brush [c] e) of clothes
6 change [d] f) mode

B Complete the sentences with words from the box.

faucet lifestyle friendly sleep plugged in resources turn

1 On computers standby mode is called sleep mode.

2 50% of the energy used by cell phones comes from chargers that are plugged when we are
not using them.
3 You should not leave the faucet running when you brush your teeth.
4 We all need to be more environmentally- friendl y .
5 Don’t forget to turn off the lights before you go to bed.
6 If we all make a few minor lifestyle changes in our houses, we can help protect our planet and
its resources .

D.R. © Macmillan Publishers, S.A. de C.V. 2014. Only for teaching purposes.
 Reading - Guessing Meaning

Using context to understand new vocabulary

Explanation: All students of English encounter new and unfamiliar words regularly, especially when you are reading. It is possible
to use a dictionary to check the meaning of new words in many circumstances, but it is not always convenient or desirable to do
this. This means students need another strategy. Using the context to “predict” the meaning of new words is an essential skill. It
means thinking about the general subject of the text and also the paragraph or even sentence context in which a new word
appears and then making an intelligent guess based on this information. You may not always guess exactly, but often you will be
correct or close to the correct meaning and this guess means you do not disrupt your reading to look in the dictionary.

Reducing traffic pollution

Most major cities in the world suffer from pollution caused by

traffic. One of the main reasons for this is our addiction to cars.
There are so many cars on the road and their exhaust fumes rise
into the air and cause smog which can lead to respiratory
problems, and when mixed with water in the clouds can cause
acid rain. Acid rain is not strong enough to burn our skin, but in
the long term it can damage buildings and plants.

How can we reduce this pollution? There are a number of

ways we can reduce the amount of traffic on our roads:
• Use public transport more. This reduces the amount of

Photo: Shutterstock
cars on the road and reduces traffic congestion. Subway
trains suffer less from delays as there is no traffic to slow
them down. Many public buses have their own special
lanes, so they are not delayed by other traffic.
• Avoid using cars for small journeys. Try walking or cycling. It may seem convenient to quickly go to the local store in
your car, but quite often it can take time to find somewhere to park, and with traffic congestion, it is often faster to
walk or cycle. In addition, walking or cycling means doing exercise, so it is good for your fitness levels too!

A Read the text about traffic pollution and focus on the underlined words. Use the context to help you
decide how you say the words in your language.

1 pollution contaminacion
2 exhaust fumes gases de escape
3 smog niebla de contaminacion
4 burn quemar
5 amount cantidad
6 delays retrasos
7 lanes carriles
8 fitness estado fisico

D.R. © Macmillan Publishers, S.A. de C.V. 2014. Only for teaching purposes.
 Writing - Spelling

Spelling

Explanation: Spelling is important in writing because if you make a lot of mistakes, it can create a negative impression on
the person who is reading. Spelling correctly in English is often difficult for Spanish speakers. Spanish is a language where
you say what you read, but in English, there are many words that are not spelled how they are pronounced. It is important to
identify words that you constantly spell wrongly and practice them. Another way to improve spelling is to learn spelling rules
for word formation. On this CD-ROM we see the spelling rules for forming adverbs from adjectives. Other important spelling
rules include how to form verb + –ing and simple past forms and past participles adding –ed.

A Check ( ) the words that you think have correct spelling and correct the words that are wrong.

1 goverment government 7 necessary

2 definitely 8 unconscous
3 accommodation 9 intrestingly
4 realy really 10 writeing
5 Febuary february 11 approximatly
6 responsable responsible 12 ligth
8 unconscious
9 interestingly
10 writing
11 approximately

B Read the spelling rules for plural forms. Then write the correct plural forms.

Nouns that end in Nouns ending in

Nouns ending in
Most nouns add –s s, ss, sh, ch, x, consonant + y, Irregular plurals
fe or f, become –ves
add –es cut y and add –ies

man-men
shop-shops dish-dishes
baby-babies wife-wives child-children
bulb-bulbs kiss-kisses
lady-ladies knife-knives person-people
shoe-shoes watch-watches
woman-women

1 box boxes 6 bulb bulbs

2 city cities 7 light lights
3 faucet faucets 8 boss bosses
4 life lives 9 bus buses
5 family families 10 community communities
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