1.

INTRODUCTION
1.1. Problem Statement

Analyse and design an economical and stable RCC framed building for the usage in Residential
 purpose using CSI-ETABS and manual calculations.

1.2. Scope

The main scope of this project is to apply standards of epal ational building codes and IS- !"#$
IS-%&'()$ IS-%*'& in designing a building. These building re+uire great e,tent consideration
of earth+uae effects on building. This building is located in seismic one / therefore the lateral
loading of earth+uae considered is predominant to the effects of 0ind loads. 1ence 0ind loads
are not considered. Almost materials and their sies are so chooses that these are easily a2ailable
in the maret.

1.3 General

This report summaries the structural analysis and design of building of 3444444..” at
444. 5unicipality6/7C 0ard no444..It has planned to utilie the building
as educational aspect. The aim of design is the achie2ement of an acceptable probability
that structures being designed 0ill perform satisfactorily during their intended life.

1.The building will be used dwellings or hotels so that there are Partition walls inside the building.
 External walls 230 mm thick and internal walls 115mm thick with 12 mm plaster on both
sides are considered. For simplicit in analsis! no sloping shades are used in the building analsis
e"en though balconies and terraces are intentionall included.
2. #t ground $loor! slabs are not pro"ided and the $loor will directl rest on ground.
There$ore! onl ground beams passing through columns are pro"ided as tie beams. The $loor
beams are thus absent in the ground $loor.
3.The main beams rest centrall on columns to a"oid local eccentricit.
%. For all structural elements except slabs! &25 grade concrete will be used. 'owe"er! higher &30
 grade
concrete is used $or central columns up to plinth! in ground $loor and in the $irst $loor.
5. (olumn si)e are kept in similar group to ascertain simplicit in construction.
*. The $loor diaphragms are assumed to be rigid 
+. Preliminar si)es o$ structural components are assumed b experience.
,. Tie -eams are pro"ided in connecting the $ootings. This is optional in )ones  and / howe"er! it is
mandator in )ones  and .
. eismic loads will be considered acting in the hori)ontal direction along the two
principal directions4 and not along the "ertical direction! since it is not considered to be signi$icant.
10. The analsis and design has been based on the pre"ailing codes that are in practice in ndia
and epal! the ndian tandard code  1,3Part 1462002 and the -( 10561%4 code at places
i$ re7uired. This report consists o$ the design procedures adopted! the assumptions made! the
inputs made in the design and the design output.

Page 1 of 34
11. #s per  1,3Part 1462002! the seismic )oning o$ epal can be taken as 89E  and 89E 
 ! most se"ere )one o$ ndia. For our case! we take the site lies on 8one .  'ence the building is
designed with great consideration towards earth7uake resistant practices.
12. #ll dimensions are in mm! unless speci$ied otherwise

1.4 Bul!n" Con#"uraton an! $eature%

The arrangements of Beams$ Columns$ Balcony slabs$ T6B slabs$ Room floors are done according as
the figures sho0n belo0. Storey height for all floors is taen as &())mm. The numbering of beams and
columns are presented in Anne, I
Building Type 8 Residential Building of 444444..
9ocated at 4444444.
Structural system 8 RCC Space frame$ ductile moment resisting frame 0ith infill 0all
:linth area co2ered 8 4444444.
Column 8 S +uare s ie &
)),&))mm Rectangular sie ;5ain beams<
8(&) , &"" mm
Slab 8 % (" m m t hic t 0o 0 ay s lab
Type of foundation 8 Isolated footing 0ith STRA: BEA5 for footing
 o. of Storey 8 T&ree %tor' nclu!n" %tar co(er
Total 1eight 8 '.# 0ith stair case co2er  
=all 8 (") mm > %("mm thic bric masonry ;%8" C6S ratio<
:robable :artition 8 ;Actual :artition 0alls are not considered but %?6m(
e+ui2alent 7ead 9oad is assumed for possible partition<
Type of Sub-Soil 8 II ;5edium type as per BC %)"<
Bearing Capacity of soil adopted @ ()) ?6m ( as per site condition.

1.) *oa!% on Bul!n"%

1.).1 Dea! *oa!+ A constant load in a building structure that is due to the 0eight of the members$ the
supported structure$ and permanent attachments or accessories . This analysis deals 0ith dead loads to
 be assumed in the design of buildings and same is gi2en in the-form of unit
0eight of materials. The unit 0eight of other materials that are liely to be stored in a building
should be also included for the purpose of load calculations due to stored materials.
These loads are calculated as specified in IS*"-%'*;part I<

1.).2 *(e *oa! + The load assumed to be produced by the intended use or occupancy of a building$
including the 0eight of mo2able partitions$ distributed$ concentrated loads$ load due to impact and
2ibration$ and dust load but e,cluding 0ind$ seismic$ sno0 and other loads due to temperature changes$
creep$ shrinage$ differential settlement$ etc. This analysis co2ers imposed loads;li2e loads< to be
assumed in the design of buildings. The imposed loads$ used in this building analysis$ are minimum
loads 0hich should be taen into consideration for the purpose of structural safety of buildings. These
loads are calculated as specified in IS*"-%'* ;part II<

Page 2 of 34
1.).3 Se
11. #s per  1,3Part 1462002! the seismic )oning o$ epal can be taken as 89E  and 89E 
 ! most se"ere )one o$ ndia. For our case! we take the site lies on 8one .  'ence the building is
designed with great consideration towards earth7uake resistant practices.
12. #ll dimensions are in mm! unless speci$ied otherwise

1.4 Bul!n" Con#"uraton an! $eature%

The arrangements of Beams$ Columns$ Balcony slabs$ T6B slabs$ Room floors are done according as
the figures sho0n belo0. Storey height for all floors is taen as &())mm. The numbering of beams and
columns are presented in Anne, I
Building Type 8 Residential Building of 444444..
9ocated at 4444444.
Structural system 8 RCC Space frame$ ductile moment resisting frame 0ith infill 0all
:linth area co2ered 8 4444444.
Column 8 S +uare s ie &
)),&))mm Rectangular sie ;5ain beams<
8(&) , &"" mm
Slab 8 % (" m m t hic t 0o 0 ay s lab
Type of foundation 8 Isolated footing 0ith STRA: BEA5 for footing
 o. of Storey 8 T&ree %tor' nclu!n" %tar co(er
Total 1eight 8 '.# 0ith stair case co2er  
=all 8 (") mm > %("mm thic bric masonry ;%8" C6S ratio<
:robable :artition 8 ;Actual :artition 0alls are not considered but %?6m(
e+ui2alent 7ead 9oad is assumed for possible partition<
Type of Sub-Soil 8 II ;5edium type as per BC %)"<
Bearing Capacity of soil adopted @ ()) ?6m ( as per site condition.

1.) *oa!% on Bul!n"%

1.).1 Dea! *oa!+ A constant load in a building structure that is due to the 0eight of the members$ the
supported structure$ and permanent attachments or accessories . This analysis deals 0ith dead loads to
 be assumed in the design of buildings and same is gi2en in the-form of unit
0eight of materials. The unit 0eight of other materials that are liely to be stored in a building
should be also included for the purpose of load calculations due to stored materials.
These loads are calculated as specified in IS*"-%'*;part I<

1.).2 *(e *oa! + The load assumed to be produced by the intended use or occupancy of a building$
including the 0eight of mo2able partitions$ distributed$ concentrated loads$ load due to impact and
2ibration$ and dust load but e,cluding 0ind$ seismic$ sno0 and other loads due to temperature changes$
creep$ shrinage$ differential settlement$ etc. This analysis co2ers imposed loads;li2e loads< to be
assumed in the design of buildings. The imposed loads$ used in this building analysis$ are minimum
loads 0hich should be taen into consideration for the purpose of structural safety of buildings. These
loads are calculated as specified in IS*"-%'* ;part II<

Page 2 of 34
1.).3 Se
 earth+uae. This
seismic loads on the structure during an earth+ua-e result from inertia forces 0hich 0ere created by
ground accelerations. The magnitude of these loads is a function of the follo0ing factors8 mass
of the building$ the dynamic properties of the building$ the intensity$ duration$ and fre+uency
content of the ground motion$ and soil-structure interaction. The analysis
method and earth+uae loads are calculated as specified in IS%*'&-())(.

1.).4 ,n! *oa!+ =ind is air in motion relati2e to the surface of the earth. The primary cause
of 0ind % traced to earth s rotation and differences in terrestrial radiation. The radiation effects
‟

are
 primarily responsible for con2ection either up0ards or do0n0ards. The 0ind generally blo0s
horiontal to the ground at high 0ind speeds. Since 2ertical components of atmospheric motion are
relati2ely small$ the term 0ind ‟ denotes almost e,clusi2ely the horiontal 0ind$ 2ertical
0inds are al0ays identified as such. =ind load on the building 0ould be usually
uplift force
 perpendicular to the roof due to suction effect of the 0ind blo0ing o2er the roof. The positi2e
or negati2e force of the 0ind acting on the structureD 0ind applies a positi2e
pressure on the 0ind0ard side of the building and a negati2e suction to the lee0ard side.. This
analysis ignored the 0ind loads as the building is located in seismic one / and
hence the earth+uae loads
 predominant it and the height of the building is less.

2. -T/ODO*OG0
The project pro2ided to us is completed performing each section 0ors mentioned in the
contents before The follo0ing stages are in2ol2ed in the analysis and design of three and
half storey building.

2.1 *oa! Calculaton

9oad calculation is done using the IS %*'&8())( and BC%)"8 %''! as code of standards. The
e,act 2alue of unit 0eights of the materials from the code is used in the calculation. The
thicness of materials is taen as per design re+uirements.

2.2 Prelmnar' De%"n

The tentati2e sie of structural elements are determined through the preliminary
design so that after analysis the pre assumed dimensions might not de2iated
considerably $ thus maing the final design both safe and economical . Tentati2e
sies of 2arious elements ha2e been determined as follo0s8
2.2.1 Slab
or slab$ preliminary design is done according to deflection criteria span
6effecti2e depth @ (#modification factor.; IS!"#-())) Art (&.(.%<
2.2.2 Beam
Thumb rule of d@96%( to 96%" basis is adopted to consider the preliminary
design of the beam section .
 b67@%6(
2.2.3 Column
:reliminary design of column is done consideration and interior column. or the load acting in
the column$ li2e load is decreased according to IS!"#-())) > S: %#. Cross-sections of the
columns
Page 3 of 34
 are adopted considering the economy. S+uare column section is adopted in this building project as
 per the internal aesthetic re+uirements.
2.2.4 Starca%e
Stairs is designed as per dra0ing. Coolum for stairs bo,es is not included in the grid
system but they are assumed to be simply tied 0ith main frame 0ith beam.

2.3 *oa!n" Pattern%

9oading pattern from slab to beam is obtained by dra0ing !" ) offset lines from each corners then
obtained trapeoidal as 0ell as the triangular loading and is con2erted into the e+ui2alent F79 as
described in the respecti2e sections .The loading from cantile2er slab part is con2erted to F79
acting in beam by di2iding the total load by beam. 9oad from all cantile2er part is con2erted to
F79 acting in beam by di2iding total load ;0all F79total 0all length< by length of the beam.
Self-0eight of the projected beam

2.4. Gra(t' *oa! Calculaton

There are three types of loads for 0hich the pro2ided proposed project is
designed8 7ead load
9i2e load
Seismic load
7ead load consists of the load from each element of building i.e. 0eight of column$ beam$ slab and
0all. 7imensions of column$ beam$ and slab are taen from preliminary design and Corresponding
density from code. or 0all load thicness of 0all is taen from plan. 9i2e load is taen from
rele2ant code. In case of different li2e loads in one panel of slab$ highest 2alue of load
is taen for the panel. or seismic load 0hole mass lump of building is calculated from 0hich
base shear is obtained according to code.

2.) Tool% #or nal'%%

or analysis$ different soft0ares are a2ailable during these days. Concerning to the project 3CSI-
ETABS /-%"G integrated building soft0are is used for analysis of frames. 5anual analysis
and design using IS!"#8())) carried out for the slabs and foundations 0ith the help of me
created e,cel-templates made accordingly.

2. De%"n -et&o!

*mt State -et&o!

It uses the concept of probability and based on the application of method of statistics to the
2ariation that occurs in practice in the loads acting on the structures or in the strength of material.
The structures may reach a condition at 0hich it becomes unfit for use for one of many reasons
e.g. collapse$ e,cessi2e deflection$ cracing$ etc. and each of this condition is referred to a limit
state condition. The aim of limit state design is to achie2e an acceptable probability that a
structure 0ill not become unser2iceable in its lifetime for the use for 0hich it has been intended i.
e it 0ill not reach a limit state. It means structures should be able to 0ithstand safely all loads that
are liable to act on it throughout its life and it 0ould satisfy the limitations of deflection and
cracing. =e adopt limit state method for design.

Page 4 of 34
 3. $R- DSIGN
3.1 TBS nal'%%
3.1.1 %%"nment%

-ateral%

Table 1  -ateral Properte%  Concrete

Concrete

Gra!e

5()

Table 2  -ateral Properte%  Rebar

Name

1HS7!%"

Table 3  Ren#orcn" Bar S5e%

Name

*
%(
%#

*oa!%

The follo0ing considerations are made for the assignment of loads on the structural model8
• The loads distributed o2er the area are imposed on area element and that distributed o2er length are
imposed on line element 0hene2er possible.
• =here such loading is not applicable$ e+ui2alent con2ersion to different loading distribution is
carried to load the model near the real case as far as possible.
• The imposed loading of infill 0alls are considered;as per architectural dr0g.< as e+ui2alent F79 0ith
(" to &) deductions for openings$ but the actual modelling of infill 0alls as e+ui2alent Struts are
not performed. 1ence the stiffness of infill 0alls are not considered.

Page 5 of 34
 • The :linth Tie J Beams are designed as purely tie members for lateral loads only$ not designed as
fle,ural members as floor beams.
• or simplicity of Structural analysis$ 5odelling of stair case is not performed > no landing beam is
considered. The 79 > 99 load of stair case is transferred to the floor beam as e+ui2alent F79.

*oa! Pattern%
Table 4  *oa! Pattern%
Name
7ead 9oad 9i2e 9oad
Seismic 9oad;K<
Seismic 9oad;H<

*oa! ca%e%

Name

Dead

Live

EQX

EQY

Dea! loa!% 6D*7

%%e%%ment o# unt Dea! loa!%

Table 8  %%e%%ment o# unt *(e *oa!%

Unit Weight of Concrete = Unit Weight of Brickwork with

Plaster =
Unit Weight of Floor Finish Probable Partition Eqi!qlent "ea#
$oa# =
Bea%&1 Wi#th =
 Bea%&1 "e'th = (eight )f wall = Wi#th )f E*ternal Wall =
Wi#th )f +nternal Wall =

Page , of 34
Percentage of 
)'ening on wall
=
-tair .rea =

*oa!% on Beam% %upportn" T9o 9a'% Slab%+

In case of Beams supporting t0o-0ay slabs$ the load distribution is trapeoidal on long beams and
triangular on short beams 0ith base angle of !" L as sho0n in fig. The ordinates of
trapeoidal and triangular loads:;*<=2.

$"+1 T9o9a' %lab *oa!n"

pplcaton% o# loa!% on mo!el

Table   pplcaton% o# loa!% on mo!el

 a/ Bea%s s b0ecte# to E *ternal W all

b/ $ine a long t he b rick % asonr ' artition w alls

c/ -tairCase Be a%  B e a%&2/

Page  of 34

#/ Floor -lab

Impo%e! *oa! 6**7

The imposed loads on the structural system are taen from IS *";part(<-%'* for Residential6Commercial
 building

%%e%%ment o# unt *(e *oa!%

Table 8  %%e%%ment o# unt *(e *oa!%

 'e of Bil#ing =

(IS875(II)-1987; Table 1)
Corri#or =

-tair =

Be#oo% =
 oilet6Bathoo% = Balcon =
 oof =

 errace =

 ote-%8 =hile applying the loads on structural model rounding 2alues are used for simplicity
 ote-(8 :oint load consideration is ignored as the slab has sufficient rigidity to spread the concentrated loadD
IS*" ;II< Clause &.%

Page 7 of 34
 *ateral *oa! Calculaton 6art&;ua>e *oa!7

According to BC%)"8%''! > IS %*(&-())($ Chit0an lies on the one ($ /. 1ence$ the effect
of the earth+uae is predominant than the 0ind load. So$ the frame is analysed for the EM as
lateral load. Among the methods of seismic analysis Se%mc Coe##cent -et&o! !e#ne! n clau
%e 1?.1 NBC 1?)+1@@4 an! e;u(alent IS 1A@32??2 clau%e% .4.2 % u%e! to
calculate %e%mc coe##cent. n! &ence lateral loads are determined

%%e%%ment o# Se%mc *oa!n"

Auto Seismic Loading

Load
Type
Pattern

EQX Seismic X + Ecc. Y

EQX Seismic X - Ecc. Y

EQY Seismic Y + Ecc. X

EQY Seismic Y - Ecc. X

Table

4
Page 8 of 34
 1569462915

IS1893 22 Auto Seismic Load !alculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral s eismic loads or load pattern EQX according
to !S"#$% &''&( as c alculated )y ET*S.

"irection and #ccentricity

Direction , ultiple

Eccentricity atio , /0 or all diaphragms

Structural Period

1eriod 2alculation ethod , 1rogram 2alculated

$actors and !oe%%icients

Seismic 3one actor( 3 5!S Ta)le &6

esponse eduction actor(  5!S Ta)le 76
!mportance actor( ! 5!S Ta)le 86
Site Type 5!S Ta)le "6 , !!

Seismic Response

Spectral *cceleration 2oeicient( Sa 9g 5!S

8.4./6

#&ui'alent Lateral $orces

Seismic 2oeicient( *h 5!S 8.4.&6

!alculated (ase S)ear 

Applied Story $orces

Page 19 of 34
1569462915

Story

Stair2  over 

Second

loor 

irst loor 

ase
Page 11 of 34
 1569462915

IS1893 22 Auto Seismic Load !alculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral s eismic loads or load pattern EQY according
to !S"#$% &''&( as c alculated )y ET*S.

"irection and #ccentricity

Direction , ultiple

Eccentricity atio , /0 or all diaphragms

Structural Period

1eriod 2alculation ethod , 1rogram 2alculated

$actors and !oe%%icients

Seismic 3one actor( 3 5!S Ta)le &6

esponse eduction actor(  5!S Ta)le 76
!mportance actor( ! 5!S Ta)le 86
Site Type 5!S Ta)le "6 , !!

Seismic Response

Spectral *cceleration 2oeicient( Sa 9g 5!S

8.4./6

#&ui'alent Lateral $orces

Seismic 2oeicient( *h 5!S 8.4.&6

!alculated (ase S)ear 

Applied Story $orces

Page 12 of 34
1569462915

Story

Stair 2over 

Second

4loor 

irst loor 

ase
Page 13 of 34
 *oa! Combnaton%

The load combinations are based on NBC1?)+1@@4 clau%e 4.4 #or *mt %tate !e%"n
met&o!. The follo0ing load combinations are used during analysis.

Table @ *oa! Combnaton%

S.
. ame
% %.Combo%.";79N99<

( ".Combo ;7 9N%.& 9 9-%.("EMH<

& #.Combo ;) .'79N%.("EMK<

! .Combo ;) .'79-%.("EMK<

" *.Combo ;) .'79N%.("EMH<

# '.Combo ;) .'79-%.("EMH<

 !.Combo ;7 9N%.& 9 9N%.("EMH<

* &.Combo ;7 9N%.& 9 9N%.("EMK<

' (.Combo ;7 9N%.& 9 9-%.("EMK<

Page 14 of 34
 Geometr' %%"nment%

Table 1?  Geometr' %%"nment%

S. 7esign
 . Type St
%

Column A
(

Beam A
&

Beam A

Story 7iaphragms
All Rigid
Story 5esh Optio n

All Auto Coo ie Cut

Ot&er %%"nment%

%< %))mm( steel sections is o2erridden to beam section at top for ductile reinforcement
consideration.
(< 5inimum rebar sies and numbers are o2erridden
• for beam %(mm dia and ! numbers of bars
• for column %#mm dia and * number of bars
&< In e2ery floor slabs are interconnected to act as a diaphragm.

3.1.2 nal'%%

Preparaton Selecton o#

nal'%% Secton%

:reliminary design is carried out to estimate appro,imate sie of the structural members.
Prid diagram is the basic guiding parameter for analysis ;both appro,imate and e,act<
and is presented belo0.
Slab
or limit state of ser2iceability ;deflection< criteria$
Span 6 depth ratio Q    U V 
=here
$ $  $U$ V are modification factors gi2en by IS !"#8 ()))
 @ (#$ for continuous slab WIS !"#8 ()))$ C98 (&.(.%;a<X
 @ %$ for span Q %)m$ WIS !"#8 ()))$ C98 (&.(.%;b<X
 @ %.(!$ for pt @ )." ;assumed< WIS !"#8 ()))$ C98 (&.(.%;c<X
Page 15 of 34
 U @ %$ for pt @ ) WIS !"#8 ()))$ C98 (&.(.%;d<X
V@ %$ for rectangular section WIS !"#8 ()))$ C98 (&.(.%;e<X
Tae O2erall depth ;7< @ %") mm
Beam
or main beam
7epth of beam @ ;% 6 %&<  9ongest span WIS !"#8 ())) C9 ((.(X
The section of main beam @ (&)  &"" mm$ (&)!)) mm
Column
or main column d
@ 16* to 16%) 7@
&())6 ;* to %)<
@ !)) mm to &()
mm Adopt Sie of
Column
@ &") &") mm and !))!)) mm

3.1.3 nal'%% Output%

Ba%e Reacton%
Table Ba%e Reacton% an!

S..

%
(
&

!
" #


*

'
%)
%%
%(

%&
%!
%"

Store' Dr#t%

Table+ 12 Store' !r#t

 Page 1, of 34
-tore
-tair Co!er
-econ# Floor First Floor
NNI

Storey 7rift ratio for all storied are checed as defined in clause 8.11.2 IS 1A@32??2 .It is found that storey drift ratio
for all stories are 0ithin permissible limit ).))!. O?. All the reaction forces$ drifts and
deflections are sho0n in

Base Reactions are used to 7esign oundation

Secton% $orce%

Typical analysis forces of beam6column and slab are presented belo0. All the beam6column forces are
 presented in NNII

$"+) Drecton o# #orce% n Beam $"+ Drecton o# $orce% n Column

Page 1 of 34
$"+8 <al $orce Da"ram n Column% o# le(aton B

$"+A S$D o# $r%t #loor Beam% n 6227 o# $r%t $loor Beam%

Page 17 of 34
$"+@ Ben!n" -oment Da"ram 6337 o# le(aton  an! B

Page 18 of 34
Page 29 of
34
 $"+1? Re%ultant Ben!n" -oment 611 an! 22 7 contour n $r%t $loor Slab

3.2 De%"n Output%

:reliminary designed sections are pro2ided and the structure is checed for different load
NNIII
combinations. The detail chec and pass of all the message is sho0n in

3.2.1 T'pcal Output o# Crtcal Secton%

#TA(S 21* !oncrete $rame "esign

!S 4/8:&''' 2olumn Section Design;Envelope<

!olumn #lement "etails

Le'el

irst loor 

b +mm,

Page 21 of 34
 #c +-Pa,

!olumn #nd

Top

ottom

S)ear Rein%orcement %or -a.or S)ear/ 0u2

!olumn #nd

Top

ottom
 !olumn #nd

Top

ottom

oint S)ear !)ec"esign

a=or;>u&<
inor;>u%<

Page 22 of 34

Ratio

a=or%  %
inor&  &

#TA(S 21* !oncrete $rame "esign

!S 4/8:&''' eam Section Design ;Envelope<

(eam #lement "etails

 b +mm,

#c +-Pa,

"esign !ode Parameters

ɣ! ɣS
"./ "."/

$le4ural Rein%orcement %or -a.or A4is -oment/ -u3

Top ;+& *?is<

ot ;-& *?is<

Top ;+& *?is<

2om)o

Page 23 of 34

ot ;-& *?is<

2om)o

"esign S)ear $orce %or -a.or S)ear/ 0u2

#nd5I
"esign 0u
N

DL+".%LL-".&/EQX
 3.1.2 Summar' o# De%"n Secton%

Column
The brief description of column sections is tabulated belo0. The detailed
column section reinforcements are presented in Column Sc&e!ule attached
in structural dra0ing section of this report
Structural dra0ings are e,plained in NNI

Table+ 12 Column S5e% an! Bre# Rebar Sc&e!ule

ColumnSies mmmm
% &))&))

Spacing is illustrated in structural dra0ing attached 0ith this report

Page 24 of 34
 Column raming :lan and Column Sc&e!ule are attached in structural dra0ing sheets.

Beam
All the sies of beams and their labels and corresponding rebar are tabulated in Beam Rebar
Table attached 0ith this report in structural dra0ing section  6NNI7. 5ainly the
adopted structurally passed sections are tabulated belo0

Table+13 T'pe% o# !opte! Beam% an! T&er S5e%

Beams 5ain Beams
Staircase stair landing Beams Tie Beams
Cantile2er O2erhanging Beams

Page 25 of 34
4. S*B DSIGN
4.1General

Slabs are plate elements forming floors and roofs of buildings and carrying distributed
loads primarily by fle,ure. A staircase can be considered to be an inclined slab. They
may be supported on 0alls or beams or in the columns. The beam supporting the slabs
are considered stiff and do ha2e deflections relati2e small as that compared to the slabs.
The slabs supported on the 0all or beams are called edge supported slab.
4.1.1 T'pe% o# Slab
Slabs are classified according to the manner of the support
a< One-0ay Slab spanning in one direction
 b< T0o-0ay slab spanning in t0o direction
c< Circular slab
d< lat slab
e< Ribbed slab
T0o-0ay slabs are analysed and designed for this building

4.1.2 -et&o!olo"' o# %lab !e%"n

 mportant in$ormation regarding the design o$ slab according to %5*62000

%. Slab is designed for %m 0ide strip

(. Temperature reinforcement ;Ast min< @ ).%( b7 for deformed bars along
the trans2erse direction to the main bars ;Cl.(#.".(.%<
&. Co2er minimum @ ("mm
!. If 9y69, Q ($ t0o 0ay slab is designed

 :esign teps $or two wa restrained slab

%. Effecti2e depth ;d< is taen from the preliminary design

(. ind out the loading
&. ind out the effecti2e span
9eff @ loN t
@ lo N d 0hiche2er is less
!. Bending moment is calculated according to Anne, 7 IS !"#8()))
5u, @ ,  0u  ;l,<(
5uy @ y  0u  ;l,<(
, and y are the bending moment coefficient from table (# ;IS !"#8 ()))<
5u, and 5uy are the moments on the strips of unit 0idth spanning l, and ly
respecti2ely.
9, and ly are the length of shorter span and longer span respecti2ely.
". ind out the area of the steel
5u @ ).* fy Ast;d- ;fyAst6fc  b<<
#. ind out the spacing for the arrangement
of steel. S2 @ %)))  ; Y 6 !  Z(< 6 Ast
. Chec for de2elopment length according to cl. (".(.% IS !"#8()))
*. Chec for deflection according to cl.(&.(.% IS !"#8()))
Page 2, of 34
 4.2 nal'%% an! De%"n o# T9o9a' %lab

Table+ 14 T9o9a' Slab S5e% an! Bottom -an Ren#orcement

Table + Slab Dmen%on% an! Rebar%

Client
Er. Buddhi Sagar Bastola$ EC )"' [CI/I9[ A

Slab 79 99

group ;?6m(< ;?6m(<

S% ".") (.)))
S( ".") (.)))
S& ".") (.)))
S! ".") (.)))

Table + Slab Dmen%on% an! Rebar%

Client
Er. Buddhi Sagar Bastola$ EC )"' [CI/I9[ A

Slab group ;?6m(<

S% 79 ".")
S( ".")
S& ".")
S! ".")

Calculations of sample slab are presented in AEK-/

Page 2 of 34
 ). $OUNDTION DSIGN

).1 General
oundation are the structural element that transfer the loads from the building or indi2idual
columns to the earth. The scope of foundation design is to consider the
e,cessi2e settlement$ rotation$ differential settlement and safety against sliding
6o2erturning of foundation.

).1.1 T'pe% o# $ootn"%

a< Isolated ooting8 used for single column and may ha2e s+uare rectangular or
circular shapes
 b< Strip ooting8 =all footing
c< Combined footing8 supports t0o or more columns
d< Raft65at foundation8 Support all columns. Fsed 0hen soil bearing capacity
is lo0 and sum of indi2idual footing area is more than ") of plinth area.
e< :ile6=ell foundations8 minimum three piles are capped to support the structures.
=ell foundations are used in bridge foundations.
Selection of footings is made from e,perience but for economical foundations follo0ing
factors go2erns the major.
- Bearing capacity of soil and -2alues of S:T
- :ermissible differential settlement
- Soil strata
- Type of structures and loadings on them
1ere the type of footing adopted is an isolated footing of sie 4444444.

).1.2 Bearn" Capact' o# %ol

The total load per unit area under the footing must be less than permissible bearing capacity of
the soil. oundations must be designed to resist 2ertical loads$ horiontal loads and moments.
Typical net bearing capacity of different soil types are described belo0.
 ;ock6 3300<=m2 to %50 <=m2
 on>cohesi"e soil6 %50 <=m2 to 100 <=m2 (ohesi"e soil6 %50 <=m2 to 50 <=m2.

1ere the safe bearing capacity adopted is a minimum ())?6m( for the proposed site.

).1.3 Dept& o# $oun!aton

actors
-Seasonal 0eather change e.g. erosion and mo2ement of upper
soil -9ateral earth pressure re+uired to resist horiontal loads.
-safe bearing capacity
5inimum depth of foundation @  p=? @1>sinA4= 1BsinA4C D 
Z@angle of repose of soil$ p@ gross bearing capacity$  @ density of soil
1o0e2er minimum depth of "))mm is mandatory.
1ere the depth of foundation adopted is a minimum of % m from the e,isting ground le2el.

).2 nal'%% an! De%"n o# $oun!aton

The reaction forces are obtained from ETABS analysis and the corresponding designs are
made manually 0ith the help of EKCE9 template follo0ing the criterion of IS8 !"#-
())).

Page 27 of 34
 1ere the safe bearing capacity is taen on the basis of categoriation of site soil and
 peripheral geographical6hydrological features. E,periences 0ith similar soil type and location
as the determination of proper 2alue is out of the scope of this report . The design parameters
are sho0n in belo0 and corresponding dra0ing are also attached in structural dra0ing section
of the architectural report.

Table+ 1) $oun!aton !e%"n a%%"nment o# #orce% an! output re%ult% .

Cocrete Strength
MPA
Bearing Caacit!
o" Soil (#$%&')
ebar Strength
MPA
S$ *-+ro,  .oint
/abel0

1 *1 '21'13

135814
' *' 111215
3 *3 79
: *-+ro,(1) = ;F<=9 to 259 >? @*-+ro,(') = ;F<=259 to 599 >? @*-+ro,(3) = ;F<=599 to 59 >?@*-+ro,(2) =
;F<=59 to
1999 >?@*-+ro,(5) = ;F<=1999 to 1259 >?@*-+ro,() = ;F<=1259 to 1599 >?@
>oteA 1Fon#ation are gro'e# so as to %ake si%'licit in constrction
2 ini%% #owels of 19 %% bar is 'ro!i#e# in each face of col%n4 n%bers/
&. All footings ha2e "mm bric6stone soling and "mm :CC base from 0here the depth of footings is so defined in this table.

Calculations of major footings are presented in AEK-/I

Page 28 of 34
 $"+ 11 Eont *abel% at #ootn"

. CONC*USION

The purpose of this building is mainly residential as 0ell as small scale of commercial
0ith limited resources. 1ence due to high cost of soil in2estigation actual
borehole site e,ploration and the determination of bearing capacity of soil is omitted
and adopted 0ith the e,perience and 2isual inspection of site and local
possibilities. The frame system analysis is made 0ith an 0ell po0ered
soft0are ETABS /%.Attempts are made to economise and simplified the
construction ensuring earth+uae safety and adopting common materials$ common
sections$ and schedules. 7esign process is interacti2e process of selecting frames and
checing for loads considered. inal safe checed and passed model 0ith
possible minimum sies of frame members and minimum reinforcement is adopted.
1o0e2er this design is safe against earth+uae no doubly$ ho0e2er more iteration are
a2oided in selection of members 0hich mae a little costly but not more than %).

Page 39 of 34
 oundations and Slabs are designed manually 0ith the help of e,cel- design templates
made on the basis of IS !"#8())).Client is suggested to employ super2isor
in the construction periods to ensure the +uality control of 0ors6materials 0ithin a
limit. All necessary calculationsD analysis results and design outputs are presented
in anne,es as a Adarsha.pdf 2ersion of soft copy file.

R$RNCS
Boo>% an! Eournal%
%< \ain$ A.?- R.C.C 9imit State 7esign$ em Chand > Bros$ Rooree$
%'') (< Shah > ?ale- R.C.C 7esign$ 5acmillan India 9imited
&< Asho . \ain- Ad2anced Structural Analysis$ em Chand > Bros$ Rooree$ %'')
!< S.S. Bha2iati-Structural Analysis- II$ /ias :ublishing 1ouse :2t.
9td. "< /.. /airani- Analysis of Structures-II$ ?hann a :ublishers
#< S. Ramamrutham-Theory of Structures$ 7hanpat Rai :ublishing Company
< 000.csiamerica.com
*< Bothara$\itendra ?umar- :rotection of educational buildings against earth+uae$SET-epal
publication '< Shrestha$ 1ima -Retrofitting of common rame structural houses$ SET-epal publication
Co!e%
%< I.S. !"#-())) -Code of :ractice for :lain and Reinforced
Concrete (< I S. !"#-%'* -7esign Aids for Reinforced Concrete ;
S.:.-%# <
&< S.:.&!-%'* - 1andboo on Concrete Reinforcement and 7etailing
!< I S %*'&-())& -Criteria for Earth+uae Resistant 7esign Structure
"< I S %&'()-%''& -7uctile 7etailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected
to Seismic forces
#< I S *"-%'* -Code of practice for 7esign 9oads for Buildings and Structures
:art %- 7ead 9oads
:art (- Imposed 9oads
< BC %)" 8%''!- Seismic 7esign of Building in epal
*< BC %)* 8%''!- Site Consideration for Seismic 1aards
'< BC ()% 8%''! - 5andatory Rules of Thumb Reinforced Concrete Buildings 0ith 5asonry Infill
Tool%
CSI-ETABS /.%8 The frame analysis and design of this building is made 0ith CSI-ETABS soft0are
choosing the integrated IS codes of standards. The inno2ati2e and re2olutionary ETABS is the
ultimate integrated soft0are pacage for the structural analysis and design of buildings. Incorporating !)
years of continuous research and de2elopment$ this latest ETABS offers unmatched &7 object based
modelling and 2isualiation tools$ blaingly fast linear and nonlinear analytical po0er$ sophisticated and
comprehensi2e design capabilities for a 0ide-range of materials$ and insightful graphic displays$
reports$ and schematic dra0ings that allo0 users to +uicly and easily decipher and understand analysis
and design results. The entire building structure 0as analyed for gra2ity ;including :-7elta analysis<$
0ind$ and seismic loadings utiliing ETABS 2ersion *.!$ from Computers and Structures$ Inc ;CSI<.
5ajor success story of soft0are are shortly e,plained belo0.
- ETABS is used in the structural design of the Burj 7ubai in the Fnited Arab. The Burj 7ubai
To0er is the 0orld s tallest structure$ passing all pre2ious height records. The entire building structure 0as
‟

analyed for gra2ity ;including :-7elta analysis<$ 0ind$ and seismic loadings utiliing ETABS 2ersion *.!
$ from Computers and Structures$ Inc ;CSI<.
- ETABS is used in the design of the ne0 5useum for African Art on ifth A2enue in e0
Hor City

Page 31 of 34
 5icrosoft Office E,cel Templates8 The 7esign of oundations and Slabs are made 0ith E,cel-Template
 prepared by myself. The so prepared design templates are based on IS !"#8())) - Code of :ractice for :lain
and Reinforced Concrete

AEKES
%. AEK-I-Base Reactions and 7rifts67eflection Of Structural Elements ;Soft
Copy< (. AEK-II-rame Section orces ;Soft Copy<
&. AEK-III-7esign Outputs ;Soft Copy<
!. AEK-I/-Structural 7ra0ings ;Soft as 0ell as 1ard
Copy< ". AEK-/- Calculations of Sample Slabs ;Soft Copy<
#. AEK-/I-Calculations of Sample ootings ;soft Copy<

Page 32 of 34
 Er.-uddhi agar -astola E( ( #G +05
2693629
15