ENGGPHYS Classes under Engr. B.P.

Mallare Codes: 2671, 2857, 3002, and 3592

In order to be in step with all activities and have sufficient time to understand the lesson and complete
the requirements, it is advised that you work on this activity right away and manage your time well.

Class Activity2:

I. Research on the topics listed in the table below. Prepare Multiple Choice Questions (total of
fifteen) and Fill-in-the-Blank Questions or Identification Questions (total of fifteen), TYPED
OR HANDWRITTEN, for at least half of the set of topics.

DYNAMICS

A. Fundamental Forces in Nature F. Newton’s Laws of Motion

1. Gravitational Force 1. Newton’s First Law of Motion:
2. Electromagnetic Force Law of Inertia
3. Strong Nuclear Force 2. Newton’s Second Law of Motion:
4. Weak Nuclear Force Law of Acceleration
B. Contact Forces and Long-range Force or 3. Newton’s Third Law of Motion:
Action-at-a-distance Force Law of Action-Reaction
C. Forces between Solids
G. Translational Equilibrium
1. Tensile Force
a) Body or system at rest
2. Normal or Support Force
b) Body or system moving at constant
3. Frictional Force
velocity
D. Free-Body Diagram
H. Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
E. Concurrent and Collinear forces

Encircle the letter for the correct answer for the multiple choice questions. Put the answers, in your
handwriting, for the identification/ fill-in-the-blank questions. Put on separate sheets, in your
handwriting, computations necessary for any of the required answers.

II. Study the notes on pages 3-13.

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III. HANDWRITTEN:

Solve the following problems. Show your complete solution (two decimal places).

1. Given: Determine in

a) no. 2 pages 5, 6 i) crate is initially stationary and ii) with acceleration of 0.8
m/s2 and (Hint: solve for then or and finally, )

b) no. 3 pages 7,8 ; crate is moving at constant velocity; and

(Hint: two equations with two unknowns, and )

2. Given: ; ; . Determine the acceleration of

the crate in (Hint: for each case, solve for then and finally, )

a) no. 4 pages 8, 9;

b) no. 5 pages 10, 11;

3. Determine F1 and F2 to keep the system stationary.

IV. Use short bond paper (1 inch margin on all sides).

V. Put your handwritten name and class code on top of every page.

VI. Compile hard copies (also soft copy if possible) of parts I and III together with Activity I for
submission in the first week of class resumption.

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SUPPLEMENTARY TOPICS

Derivation of acceleration due to Earth’s gravity or gravitational field strength :

By Newton’s Second Law of Motion:

On a free-falling body, magnitude of acceleration

Where:

If then

Applying Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation

( )
( ⁄ )
( )

Rearranging the expression above,

Or

and

In solving for weight (or magnitude of

So,
gravitational force):

Where

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System of Forces
Concurrent forces
: forces whose lines of action
meet at a common point
Coplanar Forces
: forces that lie on the same
plane
Coplanar concurrent forces
Coplanar Non-concurrent forces
Free Body Diagram (FBD)
: used to illustrate all the external forces acting on a body; the body is represented by a single isolated point (or
free body), and only those forces acting on the body from the outside (external forces) are shown.
Collinear forces Like Parallel Forces
: forces that have a common line : forces whose lines of action are
of action; line of action of the parallel and all are pointing in
forces lie along a single straight the same direction
line
F1 F2
Coplanar Non-collinear forces
F2 Unlike Parallel Forces
: forces whose lines of action are
parallel but not all are pointing
F1 in the same direction
F3
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The following shows five different cases with accompanying free-body diagrams, and force equations
from the application of Newton’s Laws of Motion.

1. A stationary crate (or box) on the floor. Applying Newton’s 1st Law of Motion:
The crate is stationary (or at rest). This means that
the resultant or net force on the crate is zero. The
forces have equal magnitudes but opposite
directions.

There are two forces acting on the crate:

The gravitational force of the Earth, and the normal
force by the floor . ∑

FBD of the Crate:

The crate is represented by a point or dot. Place the tails
(or heads) of the force vectors on this point (collinear Along the vertical:
forces). Upward forces are +
Downward forces are -

∑ ( ) ( )

( ) ( )

So,
; directed vertically downward
; perpendicular with the surface,
directed toward the object (crate)

2. A crate being pushed or pulled across the floor FBD of the Crate:
with a horizontal force, . The crate is represented by a point or dot. Place the
tails (or heads) of the force vectors on this point
(concurrent forces). Establish also the reference
coordinate system (x- and y-axes)

; parallel with the surface, in a

direction opposite to that of the motion or impending
motion
in the FBD if there is :coefficient of static friction
impending motion :coefficient of kinetic friction
in the FBD if there is motion : normal force on the object

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With impending motion: ( in the FBD) With motion at constant acceleration along +x-axis:
( in the FBD)
∑
Applying Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
∑

( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( )
∑ (no motion along y-axis)
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

With motion at constant velocity along +x-axis:

( in the FBD) ∑ (no motion along y-axis)

∑ (no acceleration along x-axis) ( ) ( )

( ) ( )

In writing the summation of forces:

∑ ∑

Forces directed Rightward or along +x-axis are + Forces directed Upward or along +y-axis are +
Forces directed leftward or along -x-axis are - Forces directed Downward or along -y-axis are -

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3. 3. A crate being pulled across the floor with a force,
Motion/Impending motion
applied at an angle α from the horizontal.
4.

5. FBD of the Crate:

The crate is represented by a point or dot. Place the Motion/Impending motion
tails (or heads) of the force vectors on this point
(concurrent forces). Establish reference coordinate
system (x- and y- axes).

Forces that are not aligned with either the x-axis or y-

axis should be resolved into their x and y components.

Original force and its components form a triangle;

original force as the hypotenuse and the components as
the perpendicular sides

x-component of force: parallel with x-axis

x-comp of
: tail coincides with tail of
y-comp of
y-component of force: parallel with y-axis
: tail coincides with head of
With motion at constant velocity along +x-axis:
With impending motion along +x-axis: ( in the FBD) ( in the FBD)

∑ ∑ (no acceleration along x-axis)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

∑ ∑ (no motion along y-axis)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

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With motion at constant acceleration along +x-axis:
( in the FBD)

∑ (no motion along y-axis)

From Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion:

∑ ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )

4. A crate is being pulled or pushed up a

surface inclined at an angle from the
horizontal with a force parallel with the Similar triangles:
inclined surface.

FBD of the Crate:

The crate is represented by a point or dot. Place the
tails (or heads) of the force vectors on this point
(concurrent forces).

For convenience, align the x-axis with the inclined

surface. The y-axis is perpendicular to the x-axis.

Forces that are not aligned with either the x-axis or y-axis
should be resolved into their x and y components.

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 With impending motion along +x-axis: ( in the FBD)

( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )

∑
y-component of force: parallel with y-axis
: tail coincides with tail of ( ) ( )
x-component of force: parallel with x-axis
: tail coincides with head of ( ) ( )

Original force and its components form a triangle;

original force as the hypotenuse and the components
as the perpendicular sides

x-component of
y-component of
With motion at constant acceleration along +x-axis:
( in FBD)
With motion at constant velocity along +x-axis:
( in the FBD)
From Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion:
∑ (no acceleration along x-axis)
∑
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

∑ (no motion along y-axis) ∑ (no motion along y-axis)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

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 5. A crate is pulled up a surface inclined at an angle θ from
the horizontal, with a force applied at an angle α from
the inclined surface.

Any force that is not aligned with either the x-

axis or y-axis is resolved into its x-component
and y-component

FBD of the Crate:

The crate is represented by a point or dot. Place the tails
(or heads) of the force vectors on this point (concurrent forces).

For convenience, align the x-axis with the inclined surface.

The y-axis is perpendicular to the x-axis. Original force and its components form a
triangle; original force as the hypotenuse and
the components as the perpendicular sides

With impending motion up the incline or along

Similar triangles: +x-axis: ( in FBD)

( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )

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With motion at constant velocity up the incline or along With motion at constant acceleration up the incline or
+x-axis: ( in FBD) along +x-axis: ( in FBD)

∑ (no acceleration along x-axis) From Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion:

( ) ( ) ( ) ∑

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

∑ (no motion along y-axis)

( ) ( ) ( ) ∑ (no motion along y-axis)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )

Sample problem on systems at rest:

A traffic light with a mass of 18.0 kg suspended from

two wires as shown in the figure. The left and right
wires make angles of 30° and 45°, respectively, with the
horizontal. Determine the tensions in the wires.

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Solution:

Step1: Draw the FBD of the object or system of

interest. Since the wires are attached to the traffic light,
the traffic light can be made as the object of interest
Represent the traffic light by a point or dot and consider
the external forces acting on it. Place the tails (or
heads) of the force vectors on this point (concurrent
forces).
Step2:Establish reference x-axis and y-axis:

Tensile force is a pulling force; so, and are

directed outward (or pointing away from the point of
interest)

Step3: Any force that is not aligned with either the x-

axis or y-axis is resolved into its x-component and y-
component.

x-components and are drawn parallel with the

reference x-axis; tails coincide with the tails of original
vectors and , respectively. .
, and form a right triangle:
y-components and are drawn parallel with the
reference y-axis; tails coincide with the heads of the x-
components, and , respectively.

-
, and form a right triangle:

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Step4: Write force equations based on the FBD and from Since the system is at rest (or stationary), the acceleration
the application of appropriate Newton’s Law of Motion. is definitely zero. This means that the system is in
translational equilibrium; that is, net force is zero.

∑
( ) ( )
Rightward forces or along +axis are +
( ) ( )
Leftward forces or along -x-axis are -

Rearranging

( )

∑
( ) ( ) ( )

Upward forces or along +y-axis are + ( ) ( ) ( )

Downward forces or along -y-axis are –
( )

Substitute and (1) in (2) to solve for

( )

( )( )

Substitute value in (1)

( )

Take care! Take heart… Our lives are in God’s Hands and He always makes
a way where there seems to be no way…

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