Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
ECS428
MECHANICS OF SOLID
TOPIC 3:
Bending and Shear Stresses
Reference:
Mechanics of Materials, 10th Edition, R.C. Hibbeler
Chapter 7
Contents
o Shear in a straight beam
o Shear formula
o Shear stresses in a rectangular beam
o Shear stresses in the webs of beams and flanges
page | 2
Outcomes
Course Outcomes
At the end of this course, the students should be able to:
• CO2 - Formulate solution to assess for stresses and strains and deflection in
engineering problem. (PO2)
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this topic, the students should be able to:
• To determine shear stress in a prismatic beam.
page | 3
Shear in a Straight Beam
page | 4
Shear in a Straight Beam
page | 5
Shear in a Straight Beam
page | 6
Shear Formula
page | 7
Shear Formula
𝑀𝑦
𝜎=
𝐼
𝑦ത ′ 𝐴′ = 𝑄
𝑑𝑀
𝑉=
𝑑𝑥
page | 8
Shear Formula
• The equation of shear stress becomes:
Where:
𝑸 = 𝑨′ 𝒚 𝒅𝑨′ = 𝒚
ഥ′ 𝑨′ , where 𝐴′ is the top (or
bottom) portion of member’s x-sectional area defined
from section where 𝑡 is measured and 𝑦ത ′ is distance
of centroid of𝐴′ measured from the neutral axis
page | 9
Shear Stresses in the Webs of Beam with Flanges
Wide-flange beam
• Shear-stress distribution is parabolic
but has a jump at the flange-to-web
junctions.
page | 10
Shear Stresses in a Rectangular Beam
• Shear stress distribution as a function of 𝑦′.
𝑉𝑄
• Shear formula 𝜏=
𝐴′ 𝐼𝑡
𝑦′
ത 𝐴′
′ ′
1 ℎ ℎ
𝑄 = 𝑦ത 𝐴 = 𝑦 + − 𝑦′ − 𝑦′ 𝑏
𝑦′ 𝑦′
ത 2 2 2
1 ℎ2
= − 𝑦 ′2 𝑏
2 4
1
𝐼= 𝑏ℎ3 𝑡=𝑏
12
1 ℎ2
𝑉 2 4 − 𝑦 ′2 𝑏
𝜏=
1 3 𝑏
12 𝑏ℎ
6𝑉 ℎ2 𝑉
𝜏= 3 − 𝑦 ′2 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.5
𝑏ℎ 4 𝐴
page | 11
Example 1
page | 12
Example 1
Solution:
′ ′ 1 ℎ2 y’ (mm) 𝝉 (Mpa) 𝝉(kPa)
𝑄 = 𝑦ത 𝐴 = − 𝑦′2 𝑏
2 4 0 0.5 500
1 25 0.469 469
𝐼= 𝑏ℎ3 𝑡=𝑏
12 50 0.375 375
75 0.219 219
6𝑉 ℎ2
• 𝜏= − 𝑦′2
𝑏ℎ3 4 0
1 2002 219 𝑘𝑃𝑎
8000 − 𝑦′2 120 375 𝑘𝑃𝑎
2 4
𝜏= 469 𝑘𝑃𝑎
1
(120)(200)3 120 𝑁𝐴 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 500𝑘𝑃𝑎
12
page | 13
Example 2 (Example 7.1 in Textbook)
The beam shown in Figure 7.10a is made from two boards. Determine the
maximum shear stress in the glue necessary to hold the boards together
along the seam where they are joined.
page | 14
Example 2
Solution:
• The support reactions and the shear diagram for
the beam are shown in Figure 7.2b. It is seen that
the maximum shear in the beam is 19.5kN.
∑𝑦𝐴
0.075 0.15 × 0.03 + 0.165 (0.03 × 0.15)
𝑦ത = =
∑𝐴 0.015 × 0.03 + (0.03 × 0.15)
= 0.120 𝑚
1
𝐼= 0.03 × 0.153 + 0.15 × 0.03 0.12 − 0.075 2
12
1
+ 0.15 × 0.033 + 0.03 × 0.15 0.165 − 0.120 2
= 27 10−6 𝑚4
12 page | 15
Example 2
𝑄 = 𝑦ത ′ 𝐴′
= 0.18 − 0.015 − 0.12 0.03 × 0.15
= 0.2025 10−3 𝑚3
𝑉𝑄
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝐼𝑡
19.5 103 0.2025 × 10−3
= = 4.88𝑀𝑃𝑎
27(10−6 )(0.03)
page | 16
Example 3 (Example 7.3 in Textbook)
page | 17
Example 3
Solution:
• Due to symmetry, only the shear stresses at point B’, B and C have to
be determined.
• Moment of inertia the cross sectional area about the neutral axis.
web flange
3 3
𝑏ℎ 𝑏ℎ
𝐼= + + 𝐴𝑑 2
12 12
1 3
= 0.015𝑚 0.200𝑚
12
1 3 2
+2 0.300𝑚 0.02𝑚 + 0.300𝑚 0.02𝑚 0.110𝑚 = 155.6 10−6 𝑚4
12
page | 18
Example 3
• For point B’, 𝑡𝐵′ = 0.300𝑚 and A’ is the dark shaded area. Thus,
= 1.13𝑀𝑃𝑎
= 22.6 𝑀𝑃𝑎
page | 19
Example 3
= 25.2𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥
page | 20
Example 4
A hollow steel box beam has the rectangular cross section in the figure.
Determine the maximum allowable shear force V that may act on the beam
if the allowable shear stress is 36 Mpa.
page | 21
Example 4
Solution: A B
A B
𝑄 = 𝑦ത ′ 𝐴′
225 205
= 225 − 200 × 225 − 205 − 180 × 205
2 2
= 1.280 106 𝑚𝑚3
page | 22
Example 4
Solution:
𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑄
𝜏𝑎𝑙𝑙 =
𝐼𝑡
𝜏𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐼𝑡
𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑙 =
𝑄
36 × 484.9 106 20
= 6
= 273 𝑘𝑁
1.28(10 )
page | 23
Extra Examples
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNLSltJh65c
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCTn838HHeM
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ibs30_hnSpA
page | 24
Thank You
page | 25