SEMINAR TOPIC: - Two and Three wire

method for measurement of effective

diameter

Branch: - Mechanical
Semester: - 6TH
Subject: - Metrology and instrumentation
Submitted by: - Simranjit Singh (2017/216), Umesh Gaba (2017/221)
Submitted to: - Rajan Verma
 Effective Diameter of Screw Thread

The effective diameter is the diameter of imaginary co-axial which

intersects the flank of the thread such that width of the thread (metal)
and width of the space between the threads are equal, each being half
of the width. It is also called pitch diameter. It is generally
represented by De.

SCREW THREAD
 Measurement of Effective Diameter

The effective diameter or pitch diameter can be measured by any of

the following method.

 Thread micrometre method

 one wire, two wire, three wire method

Here I will explain only Two wire and Three wire methods
Measurement of Effective Diameter by Two
wire method
First of all, the wires of suitable diameter are placed on both sides of
standard gauge. The readings over wire are taken by diameter
machine. Let it be M1. The standard is now replaced by screw thread
and the second micro meter reading is taken over the wire. Let it be
M2,
Let, M 1= micrometre reading over the wire on standard gauge
M2 = micrometre reading over the wire on screw thread
d = diameter of each wire
If T is the diameter of thread wire; T = (M2-2d)
The effective diameter is given by. De = T+P
If diameter of standard gauge is Dcs, then; De = Dcs-M1+M2+P
Where P is constant depend upon the wire, d and pitch of thread, p.
For metric threads, P = 0.866p-d
For whit worth threads, P = 0.9605p-1.1657d

Measurement of effective diameter by two wire method

Measurement of Effective Diameter by Three
wire method
Here, M=distance over wire
E= effective diameter r=radius of wire d=diameter of wires
h=height of center of wire from effective diameter
x=angle of thread H=depth of thread

Setup for measuring effective diameter

 In case of whit worth thread : X = 55 ˚
Depth of thread = 0.64p
Cosec x/2=2.1675, cot x/2= 1.921
So, M=E +d (1+ Cosec x/2)-p/2 cot x/2 M=E+ 3.1657d-0.9605p
E=M-3.1657d+0.9605p

 In case of Metric thread : X = 60 ˚

Depth of thread =0.6495p Cosec x/2=2, cot x/2= 1.792
So, M=E +d (1+ Cosec x/2)-p/2 cot x/2
M=E+3d-0.866p
E=M-3d+0.866p

Three wire method

 Best Size Wire and its Expression
 Best wire size:
The wire is of such diameter that it makes contact with the flank
of thread on the effective diameter or pitch line.

 Expression for best size wire :

Let the thread angle be 2x.
Then in triangle OAP, sin ⦟POA=AP/OP
Or, sin (90 ˚-x) = AP/OP
Or, OP=AP/ sin(90˚-x)
=AP/cos x
=AP sec x
Since, OP=r here, r=radius of the wire
So, best wire diameter=2AP sec x As AP lies on the pitch line
, AP=p/4 Here, p=pitch of the thread so, d= (2p/4) sec x
d = (p/2) sec x

Best wire size